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Biology Learning Targets (updated 2010-11) Learning Target Vocabulary I. Perform a scientific experiment demonstrating an understanding of scientific methods and concepts. A. Identify independent variable B. Identify dependent variable C. Construct a testable hypothesis D. Identify constants E. Design and set up a controlled experiment problem, hypothesis, prediction, experiment, procedure, observation, conclusion, independent (manipulated) variable, dependent (responding) variable, constants controlled experiment, control group, experimental group I. Construct a graph (line, bar, scatter, or pie) and data table. A. Select the appropriate type of graph for data B. Properly set-up graphs and data tables (title, axis identification, units, key) x-axis, y-axis, slope Scientific Tools of Biology Data Handling and Analysis Scientific Method Year long line graph, bar graph, pie graph, scatter plot II. Analyze data and draw conclusions. A. Analyze data/graphs for trends, patterns, and/or relationships B. Draw conclusions following graphical/data analysis I. Demonstrate proper use of the scientific tools used to study biology. II. Develop competance in the analysis of information acquired while using the scientific tools of biology. line of best fit, correlation, compare, trend, percentage of a whole direct relationship, inverse/negative relationship I. Show how conflicting assumptions about science themes leads to different opinions and decisions, and show how these opinions and decisions have diverse effects on an individual, a community, and a country, both now and in the future. Scientific Communication A. Construct arguments that show how conflicting models and explanations of events can start with similar evidence. II. Show how the ideas and themes of science can be used to make real-life decisions about careers, work places, life-styles, and the use of resources. A. Identify and, using evidence learned or discovered, replace inaccurate personal models and explanations of science-related events 1. Re-examine the evidence and reasoning that led to conclusions drawn from investigations, using the science themes B. Effectively communicate results and conclusions through the following means: 1. written lab report--formal and informal 2. powerpoint presentation Charactar istics of Life 3. poster presentation I. Explain how life can be studied. A. Describe the characteristics of living things. B. Identify the subspecialties of biology that would be used to study particular topics. reproduction, cells,genetic code, metabolism, homeostasis, evolution -ology, -ology, -ology Classification Semester One I. Describe how organisms are organized for study according to Linnaeus’s classification system. II. Explain how adaptations are used in classification. III. Identify the principle behind cladistic analysis. I. Analyze how energy transfers through the living world. II. Understand the relationships species have with one another. III. Analyze nutrient cycles and the roles species have within each. Ecology IV. Explain how adaptations allow organisms to survive in their environment. classification, taxonomy, taxon, binomial nomenclature domains all the kingdoms DKPCOFGS trophic level, primary producer, primary consumer, herbivore, secondary consumer, carnivore, omnivore, tertiary consumer, 10% rule, biomass symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parastism, competition, invasive species adaptations: structural, behavioral, physiological nitrogen fixation, denitrification carbon fixation condensation, evaporation, transpiration I. Explain what chemical compounds are and why they are important to life. chemical indicators II. Describe properties of water that make it important to life. intermolecular force, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, surface tension III. Describe the composition and role of carbs, proteins, and lipids. Biomolecules IV. Understand the roles of enzymes and the factors affecting them. glucose, fructose, galactose sucrose, maltose, lactose starch, glycogen, cellulose amino acids, fatty acids dehydration synthesis enzyme, catalyst I. Understand that the cell is the smallest unit of life. Cell Structure A. Illustrate the basic structure of the cell and their relative sizes B. Use a microscope to observe and measure cells C. Describe the fundamental properties of cells and compare the structural/functional properties of eukaryotic and prokaryotic (bacterial) cells D. Analyze major differences between cells and how adaptations are specific to each cell theory, spontaneous generation micrometer animal cell, nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, cell membrane plant cell, cell wall, cellulose, chloroplast bacteria cells, protists prokaryotic, eukaryotic, unicellular, multicellular I. Understand the relationship between the structures of a cell and their functions. A. Identify the main purpose and structure of the cell membrane Cell Function B. Explain the processes that transport molecules across the cell membrane C. Compare the structures of the cell organelles and how their structures are advantageous in the performance of their functions semi-permeable membrane, phospholipids, hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails passive transport, homeostasis, simple diffusion, osmosis plasmolysis, hypertonic, hypotonic, isotonic active transport, ion pumps, co-transport Semester Two DNA & The Central Dogma of Modern Biology Cell Processes I. Explain the growth and division of cells II. Investigate energy systems to show how energy is stored in food (plants and animals) and how energy is released by digestion and metabolism. cell cycle, mitosis, interphase, growth, replication, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis III. Understand the impact of energy on organisms in a living system energy, glucose, ATP aerobic, glycolysis, IV. Investigate how the complexity and organization of organisms accommodates the need for obtaining, transforming, transporting, releasing, and eliminating the matter and Kreb cycle, ETC anaerobic, energy used to sustain the organism fermentation, lactic acid I. Understand the significance of DNA structure to its function. A. Be familiar with the history regarding discovery of the DNA structure B. Describe the overall structure of the double helix II. Demonstrate the replication process of a strand of DNA. III. Explain the relationship between genes and proteins by summarizing transcription and translation. IV. Explain the causes and results of mutations. Watson, Crick, Franklin, Chargaff DNA/RNA, deoxyribose/ribose sugar, bases-ATCG/U, nucleic acid, nucleotide, phosphate,double helix, hydrogen bonds, anti parallel,replication, DNA polymerase, semi-conservative, 5’ à 3’ directionality, parent/daughter strands,ribosomes, tRNA, mRNA, transcription, translation, codon, anticodon, protein, amino acids, peptide bonds, enzymes Population Genetics Genetics I. Summarize the meiotic process in reproductive cells. A. Explain the growth and division of gamete cells II. Demonstrate a working knowledge of basic genetic principles. A. Identify and describe the mechanisms by which traits are inherited B. Be able to solve various types of genetic crosses C. Use pedigrees to study human traits gamete, diploid, haploid, homologous genetics, gene, trait, allele Punnett sq heterozygous phenotype, genotype dominant, recessive Mendelian genetics, independent ass codominance multiple alleles, sex-linked polygenic, epigenetics I. Identify patterns of population change when there is no selection and when there is allele frequency a trait selection within a population. mutation, trait selection, genetic drift II. Be able to use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to identify when allele frequency change has occured within a population. I. Illustrate and differentiate the progression by which we have historically understood evolution: Darwin, Wallace, and Lamarck A. Describe how evolution occurs by natural selection B. Analyze the evidence used to support that all species change over time C. Identify adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environment D. Explain how adaptations allow organisms to survive in their environment Will be developed during Wednesday meetings. (with Viruses) Survey of the Kingdoms Evolution E. Identify important patterns of macroevolution acquired characteristics, common descent, decent with modification, struggle for existence, adaptation, variation, fitness endosymbiotic theory, Evolutionary Theory, natural selection structural adaptations (mimicry, camouflage, warning coloration), physiological adaptations, behavioral adaptations, adaptive radiation, convergent/divergent evolution, co-evolution, punctuated equilibrium, fossil record (mold, cast, imprint, petrified), absolute dating, relative dating homologous structures, vestigial structures, embryology