Download Biology Learning Targets 2010-11

Biology Learning Targets (updated 2010-11)
Learning Target
Vocabulary
I. Perform a scientific experiment demonstrating an understanding of scientific
methods and concepts.
A. Identify independent variable
B. Identify dependent variable
C. Construct a testable hypothesis
D. Identify constants
E. Design and set up a controlled experiment
problem, hypothesis,
prediction, experiment,
procedure,
observation,
conclusion,
independent
(manipulated) variable,
dependent
(responding) variable,
constants
controlled experiment,
control group,
experimental group
I. Construct a graph (line, bar, scatter, or pie) and data table.
A. Select the appropriate type of graph for data
B. Properly set-up graphs and data tables (title, axis identification, units, key)
x-axis, y-axis, slope
Scientific Tools
of Biology
Data Handling and Analysis
Scientific Method
Year long
line graph, bar graph,
pie graph, scatter plot
II. Analyze data and draw conclusions.
A. Analyze data/graphs for trends, patterns, and/or relationships
B. Draw conclusions following graphical/data analysis
I. Demonstrate proper use of the scientific tools used to study biology.
II. Develop competance in the analysis of information acquired while using the
scientific tools of biology.
line of best fit,
correlation, compare,
trend, percentage of a
whole
direct relationship,
inverse/negative
relationship
I. Show how conflicting assumptions about science themes leads to different
opinions and decisions, and show how these opinions and decisions have diverse effects on
an individual, a community, and a country, both now and in the future.
Scientific Communication
A. Construct arguments that show how conflicting models and explanations of
events can start with similar evidence.
II. Show how the ideas and themes of science can be used to make real-life
decisions about careers, work places, life-styles, and the use of resources.
A. Identify and, using evidence learned or discovered, replace inaccurate
personal models and explanations of science-related events
1. Re-examine the evidence and reasoning that led to conclusions drawn
from investigations, using the science themes
B. Effectively communicate results and conclusions through the following means:
1. written lab report--formal and informal
2. powerpoint presentation
Charactar
istics of
Life
3. poster presentation
I. Explain how life can be studied.
A. Describe the characteristics of living things.
B. Identify the subspecialties of biology that would be used to study particular
topics.
reproduction,
cells,genetic code,
metabolism,
homeostasis, evolution
-ology, -ology, -ology
Classification
Semester One
I. Describe how organisms are organized for study according to Linnaeus’s
classification system.
II. Explain how adaptations are used in classification.
III. Identify the principle behind cladistic analysis.
I. Analyze how energy transfers through the living world.
II. Understand the relationships species have with one another.
III. Analyze nutrient cycles and the roles species have within each.
Ecology
IV. Explain how adaptations allow organisms to survive in their environment.
classification,
taxonomy, taxon,
binomial nomenclature
domains
all the kingdoms
DKPCOFGS
trophic level, primary
producer, primary
consumer, herbivore,
secondary consumer,
carnivore, omnivore,
tertiary consumer, 10%
rule, biomass
symbiosis, mutualism,
commensalism,
parastism, competition,
invasive species
adaptations: structural,
behavioral,
physiological
nitrogen fixation,
denitrification
carbon fixation
condensation,
evaporation,
transpiration
I. Explain what chemical compounds are and why they are important to life.
chemical indicators
II. Describe properties of water that make it important to life.
intermolecular force,
hydrogen
bonding, cohesion,
adhesion, capillary
action, surface tension
III. Describe the composition and role of carbs, proteins, and lipids.
Biomolecules
IV. Understand the roles of enzymes and the factors affecting them.
glucose, fructose,
galactose
sucrose, maltose,
lactose
starch, glycogen,
cellulose
amino acids, fatty
acids
dehydration synthesis
enzyme, catalyst
I. Understand that the cell is the smallest unit of life.
Cell Structure
A. Illustrate the basic structure of the cell and their relative sizes
B. Use a microscope to observe and measure cells
C. Describe the fundamental properties of cells and compare the
structural/functional properties of eukaryotic and prokaryotic (bacterial) cells
D. Analyze major differences between cells and how adaptations are specific to
each
cell theory,
spontaneous
generation
micrometer
animal cell, nucleus,
nucleolus, cytoplasm,
cell membrane
plant cell, cell wall,
cellulose, chloroplast
bacteria cells, protists
prokaryotic, eukaryotic,
unicellular,
multicellular
I. Understand the relationship between the structures of a cell and their functions.
A. Identify the main purpose and structure of the cell membrane
Cell Function
B. Explain the processes that transport molecules across the cell membrane
C. Compare the structures of the cell organelles and how their structures are
advantageous in the performance of their functions
semi-permeable
membrane,
phospholipids,
hydrophilic heads,
hydrophobic tails
passive transport,
homeostasis, simple
diffusion, osmosis
plasmolysis,
hypertonic, hypotonic,
isotonic
active transport, ion
pumps, co-transport
Semester Two
DNA & The Central Dogma of Modern Biology
Cell Processes
I. Explain the growth and division of cells
II. Investigate energy systems to show how energy is stored in food (plants and
animals) and how energy is released by digestion and metabolism.
cell cycle, mitosis,
interphase, growth,
replication, prophase,
metaphase, anaphase,
telophase, cytokinesis
III. Understand the impact of energy on organisms in a living system
energy, glucose, ATP
aerobic, glycolysis,
IV. Investigate how the complexity and organization of organisms accommodates
the need for obtaining, transforming, transporting, releasing, and eliminating the matter and Kreb cycle, ETC
anaerobic,
energy used to sustain the organism
fermentation, lactic
acid
I. Understand the significance of DNA structure to its function.
A. Be familiar with the history regarding discovery of the DNA structure
B. Describe the overall structure of the double helix
II. Demonstrate the replication process of a strand of DNA.
III. Explain the relationship between genes and proteins by summarizing
transcription and translation.
IV. Explain the causes and results of mutations.
Watson, Crick,
Franklin, Chargaff
DNA/RNA,
deoxyribose/ribose
sugar, bases-ATCG/U,
nucleic acid,
nucleotide,
phosphate,double
helix, hydrogen bonds,
anti parallel,replication,
DNA polymerase,
semi-conservative, 5’ à
3’ directionality,
parent/daughter
strands,ribosomes,
tRNA, mRNA,
transcription,
translation, codon,
anticodon, protein,
amino acids, peptide
bonds, enzymes
Population
Genetics
Genetics
I. Summarize the meiotic process in reproductive cells.
A. Explain the growth and division of gamete cells
II. Demonstrate a working knowledge of basic genetic principles.
A. Identify and describe the mechanisms by which traits are inherited
B. Be able to solve various types of genetic crosses
C. Use pedigrees to study human traits
gamete, diploid, haploid, homologous
genetics, gene, trait, allele Punnett sq
heterozygous phenotype, genotype
dominant, recessive
Mendelian genetics, independent ass
codominance
multiple alleles, sex-linked
polygenic, epigenetics
I. Identify patterns of population change when there is no selection and when there is allele frequency
a trait selection within a population.
mutation, trait
selection, genetic drift
II. Be able to use the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to identify when allele frequency
change has occured within a population.
I. Illustrate and differentiate the progression by which we have historically
understood evolution: Darwin, Wallace, and Lamarck
A. Describe how evolution occurs by natural selection
B. Analyze the evidence used to support that all species change over time
C. Identify adaptations that allow organisms to survive in their environment
D. Explain how adaptations allow organisms to survive in their environment
Will be developed during Wednesday meetings.
(with
Viruses)
Survey of the
Kingdoms
Evolution
E. Identify important patterns of macroevolution
acquired
characteristics,
common descent,
decent with
modification, struggle
for existence,
adaptation, variation,
fitness
endosymbiotic theory,
Evolutionary Theory,
natural selection
structural adaptations
(mimicry, camouflage,
warning coloration),
physiological
adaptations,
behavioral
adaptations,
adaptive radiation,
convergent/divergent
evolution, co-evolution,
punctuated
equilibrium,
fossil record (mold,
cast, imprint, petrified),
absolute dating,
relative dating
homologous
structures, vestigial
structures, embryology