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Periodic Table
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How is the periodic
table organized?
The Periodic Table is an arrangement
of the elements in order of
increasing atomic numbers.
• The location of an element on the
periodic table can predict the
physical and chemical properties
of the element.
What do elements in
the same column have
in common?
Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The vertical columns of the periodic
table are called groups or families.
• Each group contains elements with
similar chemical properties.
• Every element within a group has the
same number of valence electrons.
• The number of valence electrons
determines an element’s chemical
characteristics
Valence Electrons
• The electrons available for the formation of
chemical compounds are referred to as
valence electrons.
• Valence electrons are located in the outermost energy levels in the s & p orbitals.
• example: Na has 11 electrons:
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Sodium has 1
valence electron
What do elements in
the same row have in
common?
Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The 7 horizontal rows of elements in the
periodic table are called periods.
• Physical and chemical properties change in
a repeating pattern across a period.
• Every element in a period has the same
outer energy level.
Who organized the
periodic table?
The First Periodic Table
• In 1869 Russian chemist Dimitri
Mendeleev developed the first periodic
table:
– arranged known chemical elements in
order of atomic mass
– placed elements with similar
properties in the same group
He predicted the existence of unknown
elements, and left spaces open in his
periodic table for them.
Periodic Table
In 1914, English physicist Henry Moseley
arranged the elements by atomic
numbers, rather than atomic mass.
In 1945 Glenn Seaborg identified
lanthanides and actinides as distinct
groups and placed them below the
periodic table.
What is periodic law?
Periodic Table
Periodic law: when the elements are
arranged according to their atomic
numbers, elements with similar
properties appear at regular intervals.
Regions of the Periodic Table
What determines an
ion?
Some Atoms Form Ions
An ion is an atom that has lost or
gained electrons and has a negative
or positive charge.
• Atoms that lose electrons have a
positive charge. Atoms that gain
electrons have a negative charge.
• What ion an atom will form can be
determined by its group on the
periodic table.
Ions by Group
What are the blocks on
the periodic table?
Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The periodic table is divided into four
blocks, the s, p, d, and f blocks. The
name of each block is determined by the
electron sublevel being filled in that
block.
Periodic Table Properties Review
Key Ideas:
The periodic table arranges
elements in periods and
groups.
The location of the element
can be used to determine:
block, electron configuration,
valence electrons or ion
charge.
Mendeleev created the
periodic table which was
refined by Mosley and
Seaborg.
Terms to Know:
Ion
Valence electron
Period
group
Periodic law