Download Faults, Fossils, Rocks and Minerals Review:

Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
Faults, Fossils, Rocks and Minerals
Review:
1. The preserved remains or traces of organisms that lived in the
past are ____________.
- Fossils
2. How do Fossils form?
- A dead organism becomes buried in sediment
3. Fossils form in what type of rock (s)?
- Sedimentary
4. What is the law of superposition?
- In horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older
than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it
5. Fossils of organisms that were widely distributed but only lived during a
short period of time are called_______________.
- Index Fossils
6. What is a rock layer’s age compared to the ages of other rock layers?
- Relative Age or Relative Dating
7. The gradual change in a species over time is _________________________.
- Evolution
8. In the law of superposition, the fossils found in the bottom layer are
________________ than organisms alive today.
- Simpler or less complex
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
9. Draw a reverse fault and label hanging wall and foot wall.
10. What is stress (faults)?
- Any force that acts on a rock to change its shape of volume
(push, pull, stretch etc.)
11. What is tension (fault)?
- The stretching of rock so that is becomes thinner
12. What is compression?
- The squeezing of rock until it folds or breaks
13. What is shearing?
- When the rock on either side of a fault slip past each other
sideways
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
14. What type of fault has the hanging wall of a reverse fault pushed on top of
the footwall?
- Thrust fault
15. Draw a normal fault and label hanging wall and foot wall.
16. Draw a strike slip fault and label hanging wall and foot wall.
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
17. MAKE SURE YOU CAN READ A DIAGRAM, ROCK LAYERS WITH
AND WITHOUT FOSSILS (LAW OF
SUPERPOSITION AND RELATIVE
DATING.
A.
In layers of sedimentary rock to the left, which is
the oldest?
M-Sandstone
B.
In layers of
sedimentary rock to
the left, which is the
youngest?
O- Sandstone
C.
Select an organism
shown that has gone
extinct. How does the
fossil record show this
extinction?
Trilobite-> it exists in 3
layers of rock and then disappears
(Answers can vary here)
ROCKS AND MINERALS
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
1. What are the 6 test we run to test a mineral?
Luster, Color, Cleavage, Other(Magnetic), Hardness, and
Streak
2. A mineral must occur ____________________ in the Earth’s crust. It cannot be a
manufactured or manmade item.
- Naturally
3. Most minerals are ________________ rather than organic. Organic materials are
formed from ____________ things. Most minerals are made from materials that
were never living things.
-Inorganic
- Living
4. A mineral is usually always a _______________. Minerals are rarely liquids or
gases.
-Solid
5. A mineral has a ____________ ____________ _______________. Minerals
maybe made of a single element. Some minerals are formed by compounds, or
combinations of two or more elements.
-definite chemical composition
6. A mineral’s atoms are arranged in a definite _________________. This repeating
pattern is called a ______________.
-pattern
- Crystal
7.
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
8. Tell what a rock is in terms of minerals.
- A rock is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more
minerals, or organic matter
9. Identify the 3 basic types of rock.
- Sedimentary
- Metamorphic
- Igneous
10. Explain how each type of rock can become another
Igneous to Metamorphic
-add heat and pressure
Igneous to Sedimentary
-weathering and
erosion Æ compaction
and cementation
Metamorphic to Igneous
melt it to magma, then
cool it
Metamorphic to Sedimentary
-weathering and
erosion Æ compaction
and cementation
Sedimentary to Igneous
-add heat and pressure, melt it to magma, then cool it
Sedimentary to Metamorphic
-add heat and pressure
11. Diagram the rock cycle. Be sure to include the processes
of melting, erosion, and heat/pressure
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
12. Describe and diagram the thermal processes driving the rock cycle (convection
currents)?
1)
What thermal process is occurring at location 1? Convection Currents
2)
What do the currents at location 1 cause the plates to do? They cause the plates to
move.
3)
What type of boundary exists at location 2? Divergent Boundary
4)
What type of rock would form at location 2? Igneous Rock
5)
What types of rock would be forming at locations 3 and 4? Sedimentary Rock
6)
What sedimentary rock forming processes are occurring at location 5? Weathering,
erosion, deposition, cementation
7)
What type of rock would form at the streams and rivers of location 6? Sedimentary
Rock
8)
What type of rock is forming at location 7? Igneous Rock
9)
What type of rock is forming at location 8? Metamorphic Rock
10)
Locations 9 and 11 show the ocean plate turning back into what material? Magma
11)
What kind of boundary exists where the plates meet at location 10? Convergent
Boundary
12)
What kind of rock would form at location 10? Metamorphic Rock
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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Name__________________________________ Date____________________ Period__
13. Tell where the thermal energy for the rock cycle originates?
Mantle (magma)
14. Describe how plate motion causes rocks to move through the rock cycle?
Plate movement is caused by convection currents. Molten
material is being built up under plates. The Earth recycles
rock. Every rock that you can touch or see has been or
will be molten hot magma at one point or another. The
Earth is constantly replenishing new rock through
volcanoes while re-melting existing rock through a
process called subduction at the same time. It is a cycle,
a circle of changes that have been going on since the
creation of the Earth
SEE DIAGRAM BELOW
Golden- Science Fossils, Faults, Rocks and Mineral Review
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