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18 28 2016 With some verbs, the choice of a to-infinitive or an –ing form depends on the meaning. Gerunds always and infinitives at times, function like nouns and for this reason they are sometimes called Verbal nouns. Since gerunds and participles functioning like nouns, they can perform any of the nouns. Look at the italicized words in the following sentences. The noun- function each of them does in the sentence is indicated within brackets: 1. Swimming is a good exercise. (Subject of, verb). g 2. I like Swimming. (direct object of verb). 3. I am fond of Swimming (object of preposition ). 4. The exercise I like best is Swimming (Subject complement). 5. He stands in knee-deep water and splashes about, and he calls Swimming. (object complement). 6. He likes only one exercise- Swimming ( noun in apposition). I request you kindly to help me INFINITIVE & GERUND They are derived from the verbs, infinitives Eg.. Gerunds are not considered verbs as they do not function independently. They have their specific positions in sentences. The following table shows their places of their occurrences. CHOICE OF INFINITIVE & GERUND Infinite and Gerund are mutually replicable in the case of certain verbs and irreplaceable in the case of other verbs. IRREPLACABLE eg.. INFINITIVE John decided to help her (√) John decided on helping her (X) He refused to wait for me (√) He refused waiting for me (X) GERUND Sarah suggested attending the party (√) Sarah suggested to attend the party (X) The management recommended paying his leave salary (√) The management recommended to pay his leave salary (X) Note: REPLACABLE eg.. Verbs that take either infinite or gerund with no change of meaning. Start, intend, bother, begin, continue, propose, like, prefer, hate He started to leave the theatre before the end of the play He started leaving the theatre before the end of the play • He intended to help her / he intends helping her I always prefer to travel to my village by train I always prefer traveling to my village by train Remember/forget/regret are used with gerunds for the memories of the past. In these constructions the action is followed by the act of remembering, forgetting and regretting. I regret spending on her (Spending is the 1st and regret is the 2nd action) I remember attending the marriage years back. (attending is the 1st and remembering is the 2nd action) I will never forget waiting for the train for the full 5 hours In respect of infinitives, the verbs themselves form the first action, immediately followed by other verb. I regret to say that I have not cared to respond to your letter (regret is the 1st action and to say is the 2nd) I often forget to sign my letter (forget is the 1st and sign is the 2nd action) STOP An old man walking on the road stopped to talk to us (stop to do: Stop for a moment so that you can do something) Why do you make a lot of noice…? Please stop talking (stop doing : to an action) L.T.HemalathaVittal Ph.D., Research Scholar Dept of English Telangana University [email protected] g g g g g g g g g g I’m applying for a visa. It means filling in this form (means doing something) After the verb ‘doubt’......... ‘that’ should not be used. Only ‘if’and ‘whether’should be used in its place. Example I doubt that Aditya will come (incorrect) I doubt if Aditya will come ( correct) An infinite verb should not be split. Example I request you to kindly help me (incorrect) I request you kindly to help me ( correct) Indefinite pronouns require singular verbs. Example Everyone has gone to the party. Someone has stolen my bag. If anyone asks for me, please tell them that I’m at home. No one has claimed responsible for the bomb blast. Nobody has bothered to think about what has gone wrong with him. There are some nouns that indicate length, measure, money, weight or number. When they are preceded by a numeral, they remain unchanged in form. Foot Pair Score Dozen Head Year Hundred Thousand Million Example It is a three-years degree course (incorrect) It is a three- year degree course (correct) I have ten dozens of shoes ( incorrect) I have ten dozen of shoes (correct) Either, neither, each, everyone, many must be followed by a singular verb. Example Neither of the two men was strong. Two or more singular subjects connected by or/nor require singular verb. Example Either the cat or dog has been here. Some nouns which are plural in form, but singular in meaning, take a singular verb. Example The news is true When a plural noun denotes some specific quantity or amount considered as a whole, the verb is generally singular. Example 20 km is a long walk. We may use either a gerund or an infinitive as subject: Example Riding a bicycle is an exciting adventure to a five-year-old. To go by train all the way now costs rather a lot g General English LIKE Like, along with an infinitive means that something is good and with a gerund it means to enjoy. I like to check my accretes. I like singing in the bathroom GO ON The phrasal verb along with an infinitive means to do something different. The teacher spare about concepts and went on to give a practical demonstration of how it works g g g g g g I am ashamed to tell my marks in English I am ashamed of getting such low marks in English I am ashamed because I have got poor marks USED TO We used to play cricket when we were in the college. We are used to getting up early in the morning (accustomed to, familiar with) NEED My shoes need cleaning (need to be cleaned) g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g • He was asked to keep quite but he went on interrupting the speaker (Go on doing: To continue doing) AFRAID: (Afraid to do, doesn’t want to do) • He is afraid to climb the ladder (does not want to climb) • He is afraid of falling down (afraid because he might fall down) ASHAMED: Ashamed to tell I don’t want to tell as I am ashamed g I need to clean my shoes (must clean my shoes) TRY I’m trying to run this computer program (try to do something) I tried clicking on the box, but it doesn’t work ( try doing something) MEAN I think Shiva meant to break that glass (Means to do something) g g g g g