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Part 1: The Individual and Society Chapter 1 Taking a New Look at a Familiar World Multiple Choice Title: 01-01C 1. What defines the “quality of mind” that Mills refers to as the “sociological imagination?” a. The ability to understand a wealth of information. *b. The ability to understand the relationship between individual, history, and society. c. The ability to use reason to find solutions to problems. d. The ability to predict what a person will do given certain circumstances. Topic: Mills Title: 01-02C 2. Mills believes the common person does not possess the sociological imagination because: a. most people lack an understanding of scientific concepts and terminology. b. only a select few are capable of effective problem solving. *c. people are disoriented by the fast pace at which the modern world is changing. d. most people are insensitive to the rampant social injustice prevalent in today’s society. Topic: Mills Title: 01-03C 3. According to the author, what is the first lesson of social science? *a. Individuals can understand themselves only within the context of their time and by being aware of others in their circumstances. b. Individuals are entirely responsible for their own fate. c. The life course of an individual is determined entirely by demographic characteristics. d. Individuals must understand their past before they reach future goals. Topic: Mills Title: 01-04C 4. Which question would not be asked by a social analyst who possesses the sociological imagination? a. What is the structure of this particular society as a whole? b. Where does this society stand in human history? c. What varieties of men and women now prevail in this society and in this period? *d. What is the most likely next stage for this particular society and its inhabitants? Topic: Mills Title: 01-05C 5. According to Mills, the most fruitful distinction within the sociological imagination is between: *a. personal troubles and public issues. b. history and science fiction. c. social change and political domination. d. qualitative and quantitative research. Topic: Mills Title: 01-06C 6. What does Mills mean by “the personal troubles of milieu”? *a. Private matters that occur within the life of an individual. b. The longstanding argument against the use of milieu to solve arguments. c. One’s tendency to self-sabotage personal goal attainment. d. An individual's difficulty orienting themselves to their society. Topic: Mills Title: 01-07F 7. The author defines a(n) _____ as a private matter in which an individual’s cherished values are threatened. a. illness *b. trouble c. failure d. breakdown Topic: Mills Title: 01-08C 8. Which of the following situations would be the most interesting to a sociologist? a. One’s coping mechanisms following the death of a loved one. b. The psychological development of an aggressive child. *c. The interactions among children playing in a small group. d. The disease process of an Alzheimer’s patient. Topic: Berger Title: 01-09C 9. The impact of a totally new culture upon a newcomer is referred to as: a. cultural insensitivity. *b. culture shock. c. cultural transference. d. culture displacement. Title: 01-10C 10. According to Berger, the fascinating aspect of sociology lies in its ability to help us: *a. see a seemingly familiar world in a new light. b. resolve our individual emotional problems. c. understand why individuals commit crimes. d. differentiate between right and wrong. Topic: Berger Title: 01-11C 11. The My Lai massacre was considered a(n): a. military intervention. *b. crime of obedience. c. act of terrorism. d. novice phenomenon. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Title: 01-12C 12. The social process in which the usual principles of morality no longer apply to victims is called: *a. dehumanization. b. routinization. c. stigmatization. d. authorization. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Title: 01-13F 13. The army’s inquiry into the massacre found that Colonel Barker’s orders were concerning because: a. they were not aggressive enough. b. the Colonel demanded the slaughter of civilians. *c. they were too vague. d. the Colonel was aware that his soldiers were emotionally unstable. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Title: 01-14F 14. The only individual convicted of the My Lai crimes was: *a. Lt. William Calley. b. Seymour S. Hirsch. c. Capt. Ernest “Mad Dog” Medina. d. Col. Frank Barker. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Title: 01-15F 15. Which factor did not contribute to Charlie Company’s frustration during the months preceding My Lai? a. They spent a lot of time waiting around for battles that never came. b. They were led by incompetent commanders. *c. They had spent hours reading books about death and dying. d. They were grieving over the death of one of their sergeants. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton True or False Title: 01-16C 16. According to Mills, “the public issues of social structure” are the discrepancies between one’s perception and a society’s truth. a. True *b. False Topic: Mills Title: 01-17F 17. Berger compares sociologists to peeping Toms *a. True b. False Topic: Berger Title: 01-18C 18. When trying to explain sanctioned massacres, the authors state it is important to look at how one’s moral inhibitions against violence are weakened. *a. True b. False Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Title: 01-19C 19. The targets of sanctioned massacres are deprived of the two essential qualities of identity and community. *a. True b. False Topic: Kelman and Hamilton. Title: 01-20C 20. The sociological concern with the My Lai massacre involves the army’s extensive cover-up of the massacre. *a. True b. False Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Short Answer and Essay Type E Title: 01-21C 21. How would a person with the sociological imagination explain the existence of crime? How would it be explained by a person who lacks the sociological imagination? *a. Varies. Replies should stress, in Mills’s explanation, circumstances outside the individual— the distinction between issues and troubles. Explanations by those who have not developed the sociological imagination will rely on individual characteristics. Topic: Mills Type E Title: 01-22C 22. What is meant by Mills’s assertion that individuals are minute points of the intersections of biography and history within society? *a. Varies. Responses should point out that people are products of their times, that their circumstances reflect broader social concerns. Type E Title: 01-23V 23. Define routinization, dehumanization, and authorization. *a. Varies. Responses should be more-or-less in keeping with the definitions of these furnished by the authors: “Through authorization, the situation becomes so defined that the individual is absolved of the responsibility to make personal moral choices. Through routinization, the action becomes so organized that there is no opportunity for raising moral questions. Through dehumanization, the actors’ attitudes toward the target and toward themselves become so structured that it is neither necessary nor possible for them to view the relationship in moral terms.” (Emphasis added.) Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Type E Title: 01-24C 24. Describe how dehumanization in sanctioned massacres differs from dehumanization in other war situations. *a. Varies. Responses should note that in “sanctioned massacres” dehumanization is more extreme; individuals (enemies) are killed not only for threat they present, what they have done or might do in the future, but because they simply belong to a particular category. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Type E Title: 01-25F 25. Charlie Company personnel were considered “average” for that time and place. List and describe at least four of these average characteristics. *a. Varies. Responses may include: (1) Most had volunteered for the draft; (2) few had attended college; (3) most were between 18 and 22; (4) most preferred to read comic books; (5) about ½ were Black. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Type E Title: 01-26C 26. In your own words, what is the sociological imagination? How does this apply to research within sociology? *a. Varies. Answers should distinguish between troubles and issues, structural and widespread concerns, and the circumstances of individuals. Topic: Mills Type E Title: 01-27C 27. Mills gives a few examples of the distinction between “personal troubles of milieu” and “the public issues of social structure.” Provide an example from modern society that also captures this distinction. *a. Varies. Responses may reference unemployment, increased use of prescription narcotics, home foreclosures. Topic: Mills Type E Title: 01-28C 28. Kelman and Hamilton state that psychological forces cannot adequately explain sanctioned massacres. According to the authors, what are the major instigators for this type of violence? *a. Varies. Acceptable answers may reference, directly or indirectly, three key concepts: routinization, dehumanization, and authorization. Answers may also include reference to policy processes. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Type E Title: 01-29C 29. Describe two individuals central to the My Lai massacre. What role did each of these individuals play in the massacre? *a. Varies. Individuals identified may include Capt. Ernest Medina, Second Lt. William L. Calley, Jr., and Lieutenant Colonel Barker. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton Type E Title: 01-30F 30. What factors contributed to the difficulty with investigating the My Lai massacre? What was the result of the army’s inquiry? *a. Varies. Responses may note that conflicting accounts were offered and that the circumstances were often unclear in the minds of the individuals involved. Some may note that Calley was found guilty of premeditated murder of 22 humans. Topic: Kelman and Hamilton