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© Karalynn Tyler 2015
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
Lin
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S. Dou glas
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Since the writing of the Constitution in 1787, Northern and Southern states had
been making compromises surrounding slavery. By 1860, the nation was more
divided than ever. It was an election year and the presidential race revealed
how deeply divided the country had become.
The election of 1860 had 4 candidates:
① Abraham Lincoln- Republican Party
② Stephen Douglas- Democratic Party (Northern States)
③ John C. Breckinridge- Democratic Party (Southern
States)
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
Abraham Lincoln
Lin
Abe
co ln
“I would save the
Union. … If I could save the
Union without freeing any slave, I
would do it; and if could save it by
freeing all the slaves, I would do
it. … "
S. Dou glas
Became the 16th President. Was
determined to keep the United
States together.
Election
Abraham Lincoln
won Bthe
election
rec Joh n
k in
rid
November
6,
ge
1860.
1860
Abraham
nB
Lincoln
elected
ell
President
Joh
Lincoln won the election of 1860 but his victory was odd because he won with
only a 40% of the votes. This means 60% of voters did not favor Lincoln for
president. His name wasn’t even on the ballot in 10 southern states. But the
remaining 60% of the votes were divided between the other three candidates
and Lincoln had the largest number of electoral college votes.
Lincoln’s election meant the Southern states that supported slavery were in
the minority. They feared sooner or later Congress would vote to abolish
slavery and Abraham Lincoln would support that kind of legislation.
Southerners feared their liberty, property, and entire way of living were at risk.
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
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Lin c
Abe
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
South Carolina
Was the first of 11 states to
secede and break away from
the United States.
Secession
States began to
secede- leave
the unionDecember 20,
1860.
Lincoln’s election sent shock waves
through the South. The Southern
states felt they no longer had a
voice in government and began to
talk of breaking away from the
Union.
One Virginia Newspaper stated “The
honor, safety, and independence of
the Southern people are to be found
only in a Southern Confederacy.”
The U.S. Senate held a meeting on
December 20th, 1860 to discuss a
potential compromise to satisfy
Southern states. Meanwhile, the
same day, South Carolina’s
legislature met and voted to leave
the Union. South Carolina became
the first state to secede.
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
"Secession is both
wrong and unconstitutional.
"In your hands, my dissatisfied
fellow countrymen, and not mine is
this momentous issue of civil
war."
South
11 Slave States that
seceded.
9 Million People
Lincoln had promised he wouldn’t interfere with slavery in the South, but it was
too late. Lincoln hadn’t even taken office yet, but the nation was crumbling
apart. By February, 1861, six more states had joined South Carolina and broke
away from the United States to form their own country they called the
Confederate States of America. They felt since states voluntarily joined the
U.S., they could also voluntarily leave. Four more states would join the
Confederacy.
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
Jefferson Davis
Was elected as President of
the 11 Confederate states
that seceded.
The Confederacy quickly elected
former Mississippi Senator
Jefferson Davis as their president
and wrote their own constitution.
They established the capital a
little over 100 miles from
Washington D.C. in Richmond,
Virginia.
The “Stars and Bars” flag was
the original flag of the
Confederacy. However, once war
broke out, soldiers were
confused on the battlefield
because it looked too similar to
the U.S. Flag.
It was later replaced and most
people recognize the Virginia
battle flag as the “Confederate
flag”.
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
North
19 Free States
8 Western Territories
22 Million People
Border States
5 Slave states that did NOT
secede.
The states and territories that did not secede were referred to as the “Union”.
States on the border had to choose- Four slave states remained in the Union.
The northwest counties of Virginia broke away from the state and remained in
the Union, forming the state of West Virginia.
On March 4, 1861, Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated and became the leader of
a broken nation. In his inaugural speech, he spoke to both Union and
Confederate citizens extending peace and friendship.
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
War
Southern troops
fired on
Fort Sumter
April 12th 1861
It's on.
1861
Civil War
began at Fort
Sumter
Lincoln’s offer of friendship was rejected.
Confederate states took over all U.S.
federal buildings including posts offices
and military forts. Lincoln had to decide
how to respond. One of the most urgent
problems was that the commander of Fort
Sumter in South Carolina refused to
surrender the military fort to the
Confederacy. South Carolina decided to
cut off the fort and starve the 100 U.S.
troops into surrendering. Lincoln feared
sending supplies and troops would cause
more states to secede so he decided to
just send food.
Confederate leaders still took this as an
act of aggression and on the morning of
April 12, 1861, Confederate troops opened
fire on the U.S. troops at Fort Sumter. The
first shots of the Civil War had been fired.
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
Robert E. Lee was a West Point graduate and U.S. military officer
at the start of the war. Lincoln wanted him to command the Union
army. But Lee chose to fight for his home state of Virginia and
was appointed the commander of the Confederate Army.
Robert E. Lee
Chose to remain loyal to his
home state of Virginia and
commanded the Confederate
Army.
Made up of:
11 states that seceded
Reason for Fighting:
Claimed 10th Amendment state’s rights to
allow slavery. Fought to leave the Union.
Nickname:
Rebels
Uniforms:
Gray/Tan
Confederacy
© Karalynn Tyler 2015
President Lincoln struggled to find a General that met his
standards. He fired multiple generals for not being aggressive
enough against the better trained Southern soldiers. In 1863 he
appointed General Ulysses S. Grant to lead the Union Army.
Grant had proven he was persistent and would win at all cost.
Ulysses S. Grant
Was made Commander of the
Union Army in 1863.
Made up of:
19 Free States, 8 Western Territories,
and 5 Border States
Reason for Fighting:
To preserve the Union and keep the
South from forming their own country.
Nickname:
Yankees
Uniforms:
Dark blue coats, light blue pants
Union
Optional Video Resources
• Civil War Election 1860 (America Story of Us Clip)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGg5uDYHEQA
• How the Civil War Got its Start: (Smithsonian
Channel)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t9dNDWzsZTI
• The Civil War: Fort Sumter (Ken Burns, PBS)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9p7V7GrHjE&
list=PL706BA6BC60A82105&index=5