Download PS CH 8 practice

PS CH 8 practice
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
sentence or statement true.
____
1. Sound waves are longitudinal.
____
2. The speed of sound in air decreases with increasing temperature.
____
3. The loudness of a sound that can just barely be heard is 100 dB.
____
4. The frequency of the sound waves produced by a string increases as the tension of the string decreases.
____
5. Timbre describes the loudness of a sound you hear.
____
6. Interference occurs when two or more sound waves interact.
____
7. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are bones that make up the inner ear.
____
8. It is not safe to put objects into your ear, even to clean it, because you may puncture the eardrum.
____
9. The ability of fish to hear low-frequency sound waves may allow them to escape animals that use
echolocation to find prey.
____ 10. Ultrasonic cleaners use the vibrations of sound waves to shake dirt away from objects.
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 11. Sound is a disturbance that travels through a medium as a
a. longitudinal wave. b. surface wave. c. standing wave. d. transverse wave.
____ 12. Sound does NOT travel through
a. air. b. liquids. c. solids. d. outer space.
____ 13. The speed of sound depends on
a. the loudness of the sound. b. the pitch of the sound. c. the source of the sound. d. the properties of the
medium it travels through.
____ 14. The ability of a material to bounce back after being disturbed is called
a. density. b. elasticity. c. intensity. d. frequency.
____ 15. The first person to break the sound barrier was
a. Orville Wright. b. Andy Green. c. Chuck Yeager. d. John Glenn.
____ 16. Why did Chuck Yeager’s team choose a high altitude to try to break the sound barrier?
a. The temperature is lower, so the speed of sound is higher. b. The temperature is lower, so the speed of
sound is lower. c. The temperature is higher, so the speed of sound is higher. d. The temperature is higher,
so the speed of sound is lower.
____ 17. The amount of energy a sound wave carries per second through a unit area is its
a. loudness. b. intensity. c. frequency. d. pitch.
____ 18. Loudness, or sound level, is measured in units called
a. decibels. b. hertz. c. meters per second. d. watts per square meter.
____ 19. Which term refers to how high or low a sound seems to a person?
a. loudness b. intensity c. frequency d. pitch
____ 20. The pitch of a sound that you hear depends on the sound wave’s
a. loudness. b. frequency. c. intensity. d. speed.
____ 21. The changing pitch of a police car’s siren as it moves by you is an example of
a. the Doppler effect. b. resonance. c. the speed of sound. d. intensity.
____ 22. As a sound source moves toward a listener, the pitch
a. appears to decrease. b. appears to increase. c. stays the same. d. goes up and down repeatedly.
____ 23. A fundamental tone is a sound wave of only one
a. frequency. b. pitch. c. timbre. d. intensity.
____ 24. What is a set of tones combined in a way that is pleasing to the ear?
a. noise b. sound c. music d. timbre
____ 25. What occurs when two or more sound waves interact?
a. interference b. Doppler effect c. resonance d. ultrasound
____ 26. How well sounds can be heard in a particular room or hall is described by
a. pitch. b. resonance. c. acoustics. d. timbre.
____ 27. Which part of your ear do sound waves enter through?
a. ear canal b. eardrum c. earlobe d. cochlea
____ 28. Which part of your ear sends the message to your brain that you’ve heard a sound?
a. the outermost part of your ear b. the vibrating eardrum c. the hammer, anvil, and stirrup located in your
middle ear d. the cochlea hairs that are attached to nerve cells
____ 29. Which of the following can cause hearing loss?
a. listening to soft music b. going outside in cold weather c. viral or bacterial infections d. working in a
quiet office
____ 30. The most common type of hearing loss is due to
a. injury. b. infection. c. loud noise or music. d. aging.
____ 31. A system of detecting reflected sound waves is
a. dissonance. b. infrasound. c. sonar. d. acoustics.
____ 32. What do bats use to locate food and to navigate?
a. dissonance b. echolocation c. infrasound d. acoustics
____ 33. Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz are called
a. ultrasound. b. infrasound. c. sonar. d. echolocation.
____ 34. Doctors are able to make sonograms through the use of
a. ultrasound. b. infrasound. c. sonar. d. acoustics.
____ 35. You can hear sounds from around corners because of
a. refraction. b. reflection. c. diffraction. d. elasticity.
____ 36. Sound travels more slowly
a. in dense materials. b. in mediums that have a high degree of elasticity. c. in very cold temperatures. d. at
low altitudes.
____ 37. At what level does sound become painful to most people?
a. 10 dB b. 40 dB c. 85 dB d. 120 dB
____ 38. Sound waves with frequencies above the normal human range of hearing are called
a. ultrasound. b. infrasound. c. resonance. d. decibels.
____ 39. What is a mixture of sound waves that do not sound pleasing together called?
a. music b. noise c. timbre d. pitch
____ 40. Which household item might use ultrasound?
a. toaster oven b. coffee machine c. hair dryer d. electric toothbrush
Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
41. The ____________________ of a sound wave is the distance between a compression or rarefaction and the
next compression or rarefaction.
42. Because of ____________________, sound waves entering through a doorway spread to all parts of a room.
43. The ____________________ of a medium is the amount of mass there is in a given amount of space, or
volume.
44. The state of matter that is generally the poorest transmitter of sound is the ____________________ state.
45. An object that travels faster than sound is said to travel at ____________________ speed.
46. The unit associated with ____________________ is the watt per square meter (W/m2).
47. If two sound waves differ in intensity, the wave that is more intense sounds ____________________.
48. Sound waves with frequencies ____________________ than the normal human range of hearing are called
infrasound.
49. A short string under a certain tension generally produces a sound with a higher ____________________ than
a long string under the same tension.
50. A sonic ____________________ is a huge amount of energy released in the form of a shock wave.
51. Sound that generally has no pleasing timbre and no identifiable pitch is referred to as
____________________.
52. The repeating changes in loudness of two sound waves that are interfering are called
____________________.
53. The acoustics of a good concert hall should have no echoes and little ____________________ interference.
54. The ____________________ is a liquid-filled cavity in the inner ear.
55. Earplugs prevent the ____________________ of the cochlea from becoming damaged by long exposure to
loud sounds.
56. An echo is a ____________________ sound wave.
57. The use of sound waves by bats to navigate and find food is called ____________________.
58. A(n) ____________________ is a picture of the inside of the human body produced by ultrasound.
59. A sonogram analyzes both the intensity and ____________________ of reflected ultrasonic waves.
60. The ear canal ends at a tightly stretched membrane called the ____________________.
Short Answer
Use the diagram to answer each question.
61. In which medium listed in the table does sound travel slowest?
62. In which medium listed in the table does sound travel fastest?
63. Compare the speed of sound in iron with the speed of sound in lead. How are these speeds related to each
metal’s density?
64. Explain why there is a difference between the speed of sound in air at 0°C and the speed of sound in air at
20°C.
65. What is the speed of sound in glass at 25°C?
66. Explain why there is a difference between the speed of sound in fresh water and the speed of sound in salt
water.
Use the diagram to answer each question.
67. What is happening in the diagram?
68. Where is the sonar device located?
69. What type of sound waves does the sonar device produce?
70. What do the arrows that run from A to B represent?
71. What do the arrows that run from B to C represent?
72. Suppose that the sound waves of a sonar device on the ship are sent down and reflected back up by the sunken
ship. If it takes 3 seconds for the waves to travel from their source to the sunken ship and back, what is the
depth of sunken ship? (Assume that the speed of the sound waves is 1,520 m/s.)