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CFA 5 Review 1) Dogs (Canis familiaris) are most closely related genetically to which of the following organisms? Why? African hunting dog (Lycaon pictus) Gray wolf (Canis lupus) Grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) Domestic cat (Felis catus) 4) The diagram illustrates how some characteristics of the horse have changed over time. Along with the difference in size, what is another anatomical difference between the modern horse and its ancestors? 2) During a severe drought a dry lake was explored for fossils. The diagram represents the fossils uncovered and the layers they were in. According to this information, this area was once a — 5) The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c. The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are — 3) This area was once what type of environment? 11) Which classification is most specific? 12)What characteristics of members of the plant kingdom distinguishes them from members of the animal kingdom? 6) In the case above, why is it important that we classify things scientifically? 7) Knowledge of which of these is most important in classifying this new organism into a kingdom? 8) The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely related which of the following organisms? Why? Spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarki Asian flying frog, Polypedates leucomystax Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens African bullfrog, Pyxicephalus adspersus 9) A laboratory investigation included examining prepared slides of pond water. Single-celled organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or flagella were visible. These organisms probably belong to the kingdom — 10) Multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile and obtain food from other organisms probably belong to the kingdom- 13) This organism most likely is a member of which kingdom? 14) A team of scientists is studying the fossils in the cross-section of rock shown below. 17) According to the table above which organisms are the most closely related? 18) In what way are bacteria extremely important to agriculture? In which layers of rock are the oldest leaf and fish fossils found? 15) According to the theory of natural selection, a species that lacks the variations necessary to adapt to a changing environment will most likely – 19) A cell is observed through a microscope. The cell is found to have a cell wall, a cell membrane, and numerous ribosomes. The cell does not have a nucleus. This cell is most likely what type of cell and what Kingdoms are they found in? 20) What is a nonliving structure that contains genetic material and cannot metabolize nutrients? Draw a simple diagram of its structure. 21) What does a virus need in order to multiply? 16) The diagram above shows undisturbed sedimentary rock strata containing fossils. Summarize the history of this area? 22) Explain why antibiotics can treat flu-like symptoms caused by bacteria but are ineffective against flu? 23) What is found in both cells and viruses? 24) People infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of dying from secondary infections. Explain how HIV increases the danger of secondary infections? 28) How would you treat a person with a respiratory infection if they have an elevated level of protein in the blood? 25) Viruses can be transmitted in a variety of ways. The virus that causes SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) can be transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This virus is transmitted in a manner most similar to the transmission of — 29) Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments, such as salt flats, boiling-hot springs, and carbonaterock interiors, what kingdom would they be found in? 26) Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses must reproduce in what— 30) The diagram above represents a virus with its surface markers. The diagrams below show various animal cells with receptor sites. Which of the following cells is most likely affected by this virus? 27) Explain what is happening to the small population of M. tuberculosis that is surviving? 31) Which statement above makes the most valid argument in favor of receiving the flu vaccine? 32) What structure does the protist in the above diagram use to move?