Download Air Movement

Air Movement
I’m angry because this
isn’t really how wind
forms!
Friday, October 28, 11
What you should know so far.
• What gases make up the atmosphere
• The five layers of the atmosphere
• Their location and important facts (flip book)
• Function of the ozone layer
• Atmospheric Pressure (Density)
• Energy transfer
• Convection, Conduction and Radiation
• The Water Cycle
Friday, October 28, 11
What causes
wind?
Friday, October 28, 11
Uneven heating of Earth’s surface
causes wind.
Indirect Light
Direct Light
Friday, October 28, 11
Earth’s Energy
Budget
4% reflected by
surface
6% reflected by
atmosphere
25% reflected
by clouds
Energy
from the
Sun
15% absorbed
by atmosphere
50% absorbed
by surface
Friday, October 28, 11
Global Convection
Currents
Remember:
Hot Air Rises and Cold Air Sinks
Polar Cell
Polar Front
Ferrel Cell
Horse Latitudes
Hadley Cell
The Doldrums
Hadley Cell
Horse Latitudes
Ferrel Cell
Polar Front
Polar Cell
Friday, October 28, 11
Definitions to Know
• Polar Cells - Convection current that circulates in
near the poles. Between
o
60 and
o
90 latitude.
• Polar Front - Division between a polar cell and ferrel
cell. Know for a sharp change in temperature.
• Ferrel Cells - Convection cell that circulates between
o
30 and
Friday, October 28, 11
o
60 latitude.
Definitions to Know
• Horse Latitudes - Division between Ferrel and Hadley
cells. Air is Dry, Most deserts found here.
• Hadley Cells - Convection current found between the
equator and 30o latitude.
• Doldrums - Division between the two Hadley cells.
Known for having little to no wind present and lots
of rain. Sailors really don’t like it there.
Friday, October 28, 11
But Earth’s isn’t
motionless right?
It’s rotating!
Friday, October 28, 11
The Coriolis Effect
• The curved motion of wind caused by Earth’s rotation
• Think of it like throwing a ball to a friend on a
merry go round
NOTE: Winds are
named based on
the direction they
are coming from.
Friday, October 28, 11
The Jet Stream
• A river of air located at the base of the stratosphere
and in between the major convection currents
• Winds can be up to 140 mph
Friday, October 28, 11
The Jet Stream and You
Cold Air
Warm Air
Friday, October 28, 11
Let’s get a little more
local
• Local Winds - Small wind systems that determine local
weather
• Caused by the uneven heating of surfaces
• Most apparent near bodies of water
Friday, October 28, 11
Sea Breeze - Caused during the day when the land is
warmer than the water. The rising air on land pulls in
the cooler air from the water.
Hot Air
Cold Air
Friday, October 28, 11
Land Breeze - Caused during the night when the water
is warmer than the land. The rising air from the water
pulls in the cooler air from land.
Cold Air
Hot Air
Friday, October 28, 11