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Transcript
MAKING SENSE OF THE HEART IGCSE Biology 2.3 Blood and Circulation Brought to you by MrExham.com Image © Depositphotos.com/[julos #4371007] • Can you label a diagram of the human heart and explain how it functions? • How does heart rate change during exercise and under the influence of adrenaline? • • • • Cardiac muscle – never gets tired Pumps blood to BODY & LUNGS Contracting (systole) and Relaxing (diastole). Valves ensure blood flows in one direction Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle http://bryanbrandenburg.net/wikpedia-heart-3d/ The heart is a DOUBLE PUMP: 1st - blood is pumped to the lungs & returns to the heart, 2nd - blood is pumped to respiring muscles & back to the heart again. 1. Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs 4. The oxygen leaves the blood to be used for respiration in the body and the blood goes back to the heart 2. The blood receives oxygen and is pumped back to the heart 3. The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body Aorta Pulmonary Artery Vena Cava Pulmonary Vein http://bryanbrandenburg.net/wikpedia-heart-3d/ Coronary arteries http://bryanbrandenburg.net/wikpedia-heart-3d/ Aorta Pulmonary Artery Vena Cava Pulmonary Vein Left Atrium Right Atrium Right Ventricle Coronary arteries Left Ventricle http://bryanbrandenburg.net/wikpedia-heart-3d/ Chambers of the Heart Left Atrium Right Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Aorta Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Vein Vena Cava Semi-lunar valves Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve Semi-lunar valves Bicuspid valve Tricuspid valve Aortic Semi-lunar valve Aorta Pulmonary Artery Pulmonary Semilunar valve Pulmonary Vein Vena Cava Left Atrium Bicuspid valve Right Atrium Tricuspid valve Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Pulmonary semi lunar valve The Heart Pulmonary artery Vena Cava (vein from body and head) Right Atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Septum Aortic semi lunar valve Aorta (to heads and rest of body) Pulmonary vein Left Atrium Bicuspid valve Left Ventricle Blood flow in the heart • View my heart dissection and answer the multiple choice questions: http://ed.ted.com/on/IEZPxYXv • Blood enters the atria. • cannot pass into the ventricles because the tricuspid and bicuspid valves are shut. Deoxygenated blood from body Oxygenated blood from lungs • atria contract (systole). • Increases blood pressure in atria – forces valves to open • Blood forced into the ventricles . • ventricles contract. • Forces the bicuspid and tricuspid valves to close • Blood cannot return to the atria. • Ventricles continue to contract, which forces open the semi-lunar valves. • Blood is forced into the aorta and the pulmonary artery. • ventricles relax (diastole). • The semi-lunar valves close. • The cycle starts again as the atria start filling with blood. • The heart itself needs its own supply of blood. • It gets this from the coronary arteries. Coronary arteries http://bryanbrandenburg.net/wikpedia-heart-3d/ • EXERCISE increases = RESPIRATION increases, requiring an increase in OXYGEN • Increased RESPIRATION = increased CO2 • Therefore, HEART RATE increases to speed up deliver of OXYGEN to respiring cells (also to remove extra CO2) • Sensor in AORTA & CAROTID ARTERY (neck) detect CO2 levels in blood • Information flow: accelerator nerve Heart speeds up sensor medulla (brain) deccelerator nerve Heart slows down • • • • ADRENALINE hormone released when stressed It prepares for physical activity ‘FIGHT or FLIGHT’ hormone Adrenaline increased HEART RATE Why is this important in certain situations?