Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin wikipedia , lookup
Magnetotactic bacteria wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial morphological plasticity wikipedia , lookup
NAME:___________________________ Biology Study Guide VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW (+5 for making flashcards) asexual reproduction autotroph binary fission binomial nomenclature cell cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cilia classification conjugation cytoplasm DNA endospore eukaryote flagella/um genus heterotroph hyphae invertebrate mitochondria multicellular nucleus organism pili/pilus prokaryote protozoan pseudopod sexual reproduction species taxonomy unicellular vacuole vertebrate You don’t have to make flashcards for these but you should know: domains (what are the 3 domains and their characteristics) Domain Archae Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya (for the kingdoms – know their characteristics) kingdom animal kingdom archaeabacteria kingdom eubacteria kingdom fungi kingdom plant kingdom protist BIOLOGY TEST IS ____THURSDAY, 3/09 REVIEW SESSIONS Wednesday, 3/08 7:45-8:23_Pickett 220 3:30-4:15 _Simpson 221 and Papageorge 222 Flashcards are due ___ THURSDAY, 3/09_____ Study Guide due ____Tuesday, 3/07____ Kingdoms Fill in the correct characteristics of each kingdom in the table below. More than one answer may fit in each kingdom. Kingdom Prokaryote or Eukaryote Autotrophic or Heterotrophic Unicellular or Multicellular Other characteristics Archaebacteria Prokaryote BOTH Only uni Live in harsh conditions and chem diff from eubacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each of the following terms in the spaces provided. You can use your own words OR use the textbook. Taxonomy – ______________________________________________________________ Binomial nomenclature –____________________________________________________ Write the levels of classification in order: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species 1.______________________ 5. ______________________ 2. ______________________ 6. ______________________ 3. ______________________ 7. ______________________ 4. ______________________ 8. ______________________ You have unidentified organism that is a heterotrophic eukaryote. What kingdoms could it belong to? 1. ___________________ 2. ____________________ 3. ____________________ A New Phylum In 1995, scientists discovered a new species of organism, which they named Symbion pandora. It is not unusual for new species to be identified. However, the discovery of S. pandora drew attention from around the world because this strange animal did not seem to belong to any of the phyla into which scientists classify organisms. As a result, a new phylum called Cycliophora has been proposed for S. pandora. So far, S. pandora would be the only species belonging to this phylum. (Contrast this with the phylum Chordata, which includes all species of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.) S. pandora was discovered living on bristles that surround the mouths of Norway lobsters. It has a very complex life cycle with several different stages. During one stage of the life cycle, the female stays attached to the lobster’s bristles, and is about 0.35 mm in length. This stage is shown in the figure below. A tiny male clings to this female. There are also stages in the life cycle of S. pandora when the organism swims freely and does not feed. Answer the following questions. 1. S. pandora is a member of the animal kingdom. What are three things that you can conclude about S. pandora from this statement? __________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why do you think S. pandora was not discovered until recently? __________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are three things that you think scientists examined when determining how S. pandora should be classified? __________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How do you think S. pandora gets food? _______________________________________________________________________________________ Bacteria- Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. How are bacterial cells different from the cells of other types of organisms? ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. List at least 2 ways that bacteria are helpful to people. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Describe how bacteria obtain energy. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe what eubacteria does is certain conditions and how does this help them survive. ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Describe the environments that Archaebacteria live in. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition on the line beside the term. ________ 6. Cytoplasm a. process in which one bacterium divides to form two identical bacteria cells ________ 7. Endospore b. a small, thick-walled resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell ________ 8. Binary fission c. the region inside the cell membrane ________ 10. Pili d. process in which one bacterium transfers genetic material into another bacterial cell e. hair like structures that allow the cell to move ________ 11. Conjugation Identifying Bacteria About 5,000 different kinds of bacteria inhabit Earth. Each kind can be distinguished by its characteristics. In addition to shape, these characteristics include: whether it will grow in water hotter than 45ºC; whether it will grow in very salty water; whether it will grow in the presence of air, whether it will grow without air; and whether it forms endospores. Scientists who study bacteria use these and about 15 other characteristics to identify a bacterium. The chart below shows some of the characteristics of six common bacteria. A plus (+) sign means the bacterium has the characteristic. A minus (-) sign means the bacterium does not have the characteristic. Answer the following questions. 1. What characteristic(s) do all of the bacteria listed have in common? __________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How could you distinguish bacterium 1 from bacterium 2? __________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which bacteria might be found in hot springs (temperature greater than 45ºC) ? _________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What characteristic(s) can you use to distinguish the three kinds of sphere-shaped bacteria from one another? __________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Sea water is about 3.5% salt. In some places, sea water gets trapped when the tide goes out. The heat of the sun will cause some of this water to evaporate. Which bacteria are most likely to survive in such water? Explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ Protist and Fungi Understanding the Main Ideas Fill in the blanks in the table below. Answer the following questions. 8. What is a fungus? _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Does a fungus get its food the same way you do? Explain.______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Describe what would happen if fungus did not exist. ___________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Building Vocabulary Fill in the blank to complete each sentence. 11. Another name for an animal-like protist is a(n)__________________________ . 12. Some animal-like Protist have ______________________________, a fake-foot that allows them to move and capture food. 13. Some animal-like Protist have______________________________, hair-like projections for moving and capturing food. 14. ___________________________are of the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi. 15. Some plant like Protist have ______________________, a whip like tail used for moving towards the sun. Plant and Animal Kingdoms Plant Cells- Sketch a PLANT cell and label. cytoplasm (A) cell membrane (B) nucleus (C) mitochondria (D) vacuole (E) cell wall (F) chloroplast (G) Animal Cells- Sketch an ANIMAL cell and label. cytoplasm (A) cell membrane (B) nucleus (C) mitochondria (D) vacuole (E) Plant and Animal Assessment Please circle the word to make the sentence correct and define that word below. 1. Plants produce their food through a process called photosynthesis/reproduction which means ______________________________________________________________________________. 2. Animals are heterotrophs/autotrophs which means _______________________________________. 3. Plants are heterotrophs/autotrophs which means _______________________________________. 4. Plant and animal cells are prokaryotes/eukaryotes which mean they have a nucleus/cell wall that ______________________________. LABEL THE MICROSCOPE PARTS AND BRIEFLY DESCRIBE THEIR FUNCTION. 1. ____________________________________ 8. ____________________________________ 2. _____________________________________ 9. ____________________________________ 3. _____________________________________ 10. ____________________________________ 4. _____________________________________ 11. ____________________________________ 5. _____________________________________ 12. ____________________________________ 6. _____________________________________ 13. ____________________________________ 7. ______________________________________ 14. ____________________________________