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NAME:___________________________ Biology Study Guide VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW asexual reproduction autotroph binary fission binomial nomenclature carnivore cell membrane cell wall chloroplast cilia classification conjugation cytoplasm DNA endospore eukaryote flagella/um herbivore heterotroph hyphae invertebrate mitochondria multicellular nucleus and nuclear membrane omnivore organism pilus/pili prokaryote protozoan pseudopod ribosome sexual reproduction taxonomy unicellular vacuole vertebrate You don’t have to make flashcards for these but you should know: Know the 3 domains and their characteristics Domain eukarya, archaea, and bacteria Know the kingdoms and their characteristics kingdom archaebacteria kingdom eubacteria kingdom protist kingdom fungus kingdom plant kingdom animal BIOLOGY TEST IS ____WEDNESDAY, 3/12______ REVIEW SESSIONS Monday, 3/10 No morning session 3:30-4:15 Simpson Tuesday, 3/11 7:45-8:23 Helm 3:30-4:15 Pickett/Tucker Flashcards are due ___ WEDNESDAY, 3/12_____ Study Guide due ____MONDAY, 3/10____ Classifying Living Things Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following question in the space provided. 1. What are the characteristics of the 3 domains? Fill in the chart. Eukarya Archaea Prokaryote or Eukaryote Autotroph or Heterotroph Unicellular or Multicellular Asexual or Sexual What kingdoms fall under this domain? Bacteria 2. Write the 8 levels of classification in order: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, order, phylum, species Fill in the correct characteristics of each kingdom in the table below. More than one answer may fit in each kingdom. Prokaryote Autotroph or Unicellular or Asexual Kingdom Other characteristics or Eukaryote Heterotroph Multicellular or Sexual Archaebacteria Prokaryote BOTH Only uni MAINLY asex but can sexual Live in harsh conditions and chem diff from eubacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each. You can use your own words OR use the textbook. Taxonomy – Binomial nomenclature – A New Phylum – READ, THINK, ANSWER!! In 1995, scientists discovered a new species of organism, which they named Symbion pandora. It is not unusual for new species to be identified. However, the discovery of S. pandora drew attention from around the world because this strange animal did not seem to belong to any of the phyla into which scientists classify organisms. As a result, a new phylum called Cycliophora has been proposed for S. pandora. So far, S. pandora would be the only species belonging to this phylum. (Contrast this with the phylum Chordata, which includes all species of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.) S. pandora was discovered living on bristles that surround the mouths of Norway lobsters. It has a very complex life cycle with several different stages. During one stage of the life cycle, the female stays attached to the lobster’s bristles, and is about 0.35 mm in length. This stage is shown in the figure below. A tiny male clings to this female. There are also stages in the life cycle of S. pandora when the organism swims freely and does not feed. Answer the following questions. 1. S. pandora is a member of the animal kingdom. What are three things that you can conclude about S. pandora from this statement? _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 2. Why do you think S. pandora was not discovered until recently? 3. What are three things that you think scientists examined when determining how S. pandora should be classified? _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 4. How do you think S. pandora gets food? Bacteria Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions. 1. How are bacterial cells different from the cells of other types of organisms? 2. List at least 3 ways that bacteria are helpful to people. _____________________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 3. Describe how bacteria obtain energy. 4. List examples of conditions that might cause some bacteria to form endospores. Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition on the line beside the term. ________ 5. Cytoplasm a. process in which one bacterium divides to form two identical bacteria cells ________ 6. Endospore ________ 7. Binary fission b. a small, thick-walled resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell ________ 8. Decomposer c. the region inside the cell membrane ________ 9. Flagellum d. organism that breaks down the large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals ________ 10. Conjugation e. process in which one bacterium transfers genetic material into another bacterial cell S E I O N - 2R E V F O R C E f. whip-like structure that helps a cell to move Sketch a bacterial cell and label its DNA, cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane, flagellum, pili LOOK HERE! Identifying Bacteria About 5,000 different kinds of bacteria inhabit Earth. Each kind can be distinguished by its characteristics. In addition to shape, these characteristics include: whether it will grow in water hotter than 45ºC; whether it will grow in very salty water; whether it will grow in the presence of air, whether it will grow without air; and whether it forms endospores. Scientists who study bacteria use these and about 15 other characteristics to identify a bacterium. The chart below shows some of the characteristics of six common bacteria. A plus (+) sign means the bacterium has the characteristic. A minus (-) sign means the bacterium does not have the characteristic. Answer the following questions. 1. What characteristic(s) do all of the bacteria listed have in common? 2. How could you distinguish bacterium 1 from bacterium 2? 3. Which bacteria might be found in hot springs? (45°C = 113°F) 4. What characteristic(s) can you use to distinguish the three kinds of sphere-shaped bacteria from one another? 5. In some places, sea water gets trapped when the tide goes out. The sun will cause some of this water to evaporate. Which bacteria are most likely to survive in such water? Explain your answer. Protists and Fungi Understanding the Main Ideas Fill in the blanks in the table below. Answer the following questions. 8. What is a fungus? 9. Does a fungus get its food the same way you do? Explain. 10. Describe what would happen if fungi did not exist. Building Vocabulary Fill in the blank to complete each sentence. 11. Another name for an animal-like protist is a(n)__________________________ . 12. A tiny cell that can grow into a new organism is a(n)______________________________ . 13. Some animal-like protists have______________________________ , hair-like projections for moving and capturing food. 14. ___________________________are of the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi. 15. _________________________is a “fake foot” that amoebas use to move or capture food. Biology Assessment 1. The science of placing organisms into groups based on shared characteristics is called? a. Binomial nomenclature b. Biology c. Taxonomy d. Domains 2. A genus is divided into _____________________. a. species c. families b. phyla d. classes 3. Most bacteria are surrounded by a protective structure called the ____________________. a. cell wall b. cilia c. protein coat d. flagellum 4. Fungus-like protists are _____________________. a. autotrophs c. unable to move b. make Spores d. prokaryotes 5. Plants produce their food through _________________________. a. hyphae b. photosynthesis c. gymnosperms d. vascular tissue 6. Linnaeus devised a system of naming organisms that is called binomial nomenclature. TRUE/FALSE 7. Most archaebacteria live in extreme conditions. TRUE/FALSE ______________________ 8. In a(n) eukaryote, genetic material is not contained in the nucleus. TRUE/FALSE _________________ 9. Most fungi are made up of threadlike structures called hyphae. TRUE/FALSE ______________________ 10. Plants are autotrophs. TRUE/FALSE ______________________ 11. What is the major difference between fungi and plants? 12. Which two of the following organisms are most closely related: Entameba histolytica, Escherichia coli, Entameba coli? Explain your answer. 13. How are archaebacteria and eubacteria the same? How are they different? Sketch a paramecium, amoeba, and a euglena! Be able to recognize them! amoeba euglena paramecium Know the parts and functions of a microscope! Label this one and what each part does! Eyepiece – used to look through and magnifies 10X Label the parts of the plant and animal cell and describe their function. Cell membrane Cell wall Cytoplasm Chloroplasts mitochondria nuclear membrane nucleus vacuole Vacuole – used for storage of water, food, or waste; “closet”