Download biology test is ____wednesday, 3/12

NAME:___________________________
Biology Study Guide
VOCABULARY WORDS TO KNOW
asexual reproduction
autotroph
binary fission
binomial nomenclature
carnivore
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cilia
classification
conjugation
cytoplasm
DNA
endospore
eukaryote
flagella/um
herbivore
heterotroph
hyphae
invertebrate
mitochondria
multicellular
nucleus and nuclear
membrane
omnivore
organism
pilus/pili
prokaryote
protozoan
pseudopod
ribosome
sexual reproduction
taxonomy
unicellular
vacuole
vertebrate
You don’t have to make flashcards for these but you should know:

Know the 3 domains and their characteristics
 Domain eukarya, archaea, and bacteria

Know the kingdoms and their characteristics
 kingdom archaebacteria
 kingdom eubacteria
 kingdom protist
 kingdom fungus
 kingdom plant
 kingdom animal
BIOLOGY TEST IS ____WEDNESDAY, 3/12______
REVIEW SESSIONS Monday, 3/10
No morning session
3:30-4:15 Simpson
Tuesday, 3/11
7:45-8:23 Helm
3:30-4:15 Pickett/Tucker
Flashcards are due ___ WEDNESDAY, 3/12_____
Study Guide due ____MONDAY, 3/10____
Classifying Living Things
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following question in the space provided.
1.
What are the characteristics of the 3 domains? Fill in the chart.
Eukarya
Archaea
Prokaryote or
Eukaryote
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Unicellular or
Multicellular
Asexual or
Sexual
What kingdoms fall
under this domain?
Bacteria
2. Write the 8 levels of classification in order: class, domain, family, genus, kingdom, order,
phylum, species
Fill in the correct characteristics of each kingdom in the table below. More than one answer may fit in
each kingdom.
Prokaryote
Autotroph or Unicellular or
Asexual
Kingdom
Other characteristics
or Eukaryote Heterotroph
Multicellular or Sexual
Archaebacteria
Prokaryote
BOTH
Only uni
MAINLY
asex but
can sexual
Live in harsh conditions
and chem diff from
eubacteria
Eubacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Building Vocabulary Write a definition for each. You can use your own words OR use the textbook.
Taxonomy –
Binomial nomenclature –
A New Phylum – READ, THINK, ANSWER!!
In 1995, scientists discovered a new species of organism, which they named Symbion pandora. It is not
unusual for new species to be identified. However, the discovery of S. pandora drew attention from around
the world because this strange animal did not seem to belong to any of the phyla into which scientists
classify organisms. As a result, a new phylum called Cycliophora has been proposed for S. pandora. So far,
S. pandora would be the only species belonging to this phylum. (Contrast this with the phylum Chordata,
which includes all species of reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.)
S. pandora was discovered living on bristles that surround the mouths of Norway lobsters. It has a very
complex life cycle with several different stages. During one stage of the life cycle, the female stays
attached to the lobster’s bristles, and is about 0.35 mm in length. This stage is shown in the figure below. A
tiny male clings to this female. There are also stages in the life cycle of S. pandora when the organism
swims freely and does not feed.
Answer the following questions.
1. S. pandora is a member of the animal kingdom. What are three things that you can conclude about S.
pandora from this statement?
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
2. Why do you think S. pandora was not discovered until recently?
3. What are three things that you think scientists examined when determining how S. pandora should be
classified?
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
4. How do you think S. pandora gets food?
Bacteria
Understanding Main Ideas Answer the following questions.
1. How are bacterial cells different from the cells of other types of organisms?
2. List at least 3 ways that bacteria are helpful to people.
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
 _____________________________________
3. Describe how bacteria obtain energy.
4. List examples of conditions that might cause some bacteria to form endospores.
Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct
definition on the line beside the term.
________ 5. Cytoplasm
a. process in which one bacterium divides to form
two identical bacteria cells
________ 6. Endospore
________ 7. Binary fission
b. a small, thick-walled resting cell that forms
inside a bacterial cell
________ 8. Decomposer
c. the region inside the cell membrane
________ 9. Flagellum
d. organism that breaks down the large chemicals
in dead organisms into small chemicals
________ 10. Conjugation
e. process in which one bacterium transfers
genetic material into another bacterial cell
S E I O N - 2R E V F O R C E
f. whip-like structure that helps a cell to move
Sketch a bacterial cell and label
its DNA, cytoplasm, cell wall,
cell membrane, flagellum, pili
LOOK HERE!
Identifying Bacteria
About 5,000 different kinds of bacteria inhabit Earth. Each kind can be distinguished by its characteristics.
In addition to shape, these characteristics include: whether it will grow in water hotter than 45ºC; whether
it will grow in very salty water; whether it will grow in the presence of air, whether it will grow without
air; and whether it forms endospores.
Scientists who study bacteria use these and about 15 other characteristics to identify a bacterium. The chart
below shows some of the characteristics of six common bacteria. A plus (+) sign means the bacterium has
the characteristic. A minus (-) sign means the bacterium does not have the characteristic.
Answer the following questions.
1. What characteristic(s) do all of the bacteria listed have in common?
2. How could you distinguish bacterium 1 from bacterium 2?
3. Which bacteria might be found in hot springs? (45°C = 113°F)
4. What characteristic(s) can you use to distinguish the three kinds of sphere-shaped bacteria from one
another?
5. In some places, sea water gets trapped when the tide goes out. The sun will cause some of this water to
evaporate. Which bacteria are most likely to survive in such water? Explain your answer.
Protists and Fungi
Understanding the Main Ideas Fill in the blanks in the table below.
Answer the following questions.
8. What is a fungus?
9. Does a fungus get its food the same way you do?
Explain.
10. Describe what would happen if fungi did not exist.
Building Vocabulary Fill in the blank to complete each sentence.
11. Another name for an animal-like protist is a(n)__________________________ .
12. A tiny cell that can grow into a new organism is a(n)______________________________ .
13. Some animal-like protists have______________________________ , hair-like projections for moving
and capturing food.
14. ___________________________are of the branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of
multicellular fungi.
15. _________________________is a “fake foot” that amoebas use to move or capture food.
Biology Assessment
1. The science of placing organisms into groups based on shared characteristics is called?
a. Binomial nomenclature
b. Biology
c. Taxonomy
d. Domains
2. A genus is divided into _____________________.
a. species
c. families
b. phyla
d. classes
3. Most bacteria are surrounded by a protective structure called the ____________________.
a. cell wall
b. cilia
c. protein coat
d. flagellum
4. Fungus-like protists are _____________________.
a. autotrophs
c. unable to move
b. make Spores
d. prokaryotes
5. Plants produce their food through _________________________.
a. hyphae
b. photosynthesis
c. gymnosperms
d. vascular tissue
6. Linnaeus devised a system of naming organisms that is called binomial nomenclature. TRUE/FALSE
7. Most archaebacteria live in extreme conditions. TRUE/FALSE ______________________
8. In a(n) eukaryote, genetic material is not contained in the nucleus. TRUE/FALSE _________________
9. Most fungi are made up of threadlike structures called hyphae. TRUE/FALSE ______________________
10. Plants are autotrophs. TRUE/FALSE ______________________
11. What is the major difference between fungi and plants?
12. Which two of the following organisms are most closely related: Entameba histolytica, Escherichia coli,
Entameba coli? Explain your answer.
13. How are archaebacteria and eubacteria the same? How are they different?
Sketch a paramecium, amoeba, and a euglena! Be able to recognize them!
amoeba
euglena
paramecium
Know the parts and functions of a microscope! Label this one and what each part does!
Eyepiece – used to
look through and
magnifies 10X
Label the parts of the plant and animal cell and describe their function.
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts
mitochondria
nuclear membrane
nucleus
vacuole
Vacuole – used
for storage of
water, food, or
waste; “closet”