Download Endocrine and Special Senses practice Questions Scioly 2016

Endocrine and Special Senses practice Questions Scioly 2016
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) An important second messenger in hormonal action is
1) ________
A) calcium.
B) ADP.
C) adenylate cyclase.
D) cAMP.
E) ATP.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
2) Match the endocrine gland in the first column with its associated hormone in the second
2) _______________
column.
_____ 1. pituitary
A. cortisol
_____ 2. thymus
B. melatonin
_____ 3. thyroid
C. calcitonin
_____ 4. pineal
D. growth hormone
_____ 5. adrenal
E. thymosins
3) Peripheral cells sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________.
3) ______________
4) Hormones from the hypothalamus that alter the activity of the anterior pituitary travel
in special blood vessels called the ________.
4) _______________
5) The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid
hormone.
5) _______________
6) Cells of the thyroid gland are the only cells in the body with a need for the mineral
________.
6) _______________
7) The ________ gland is located along the superior border of the kidney.
7) _______________
8) The stimulus for hormone release may be neural, hormonal, or ________.
8) _______________
9) The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________.
9) _______________
10) Sometimes a releasing hormone is required for release of another hormone. This
property is called ________.
10) ______________
11) Two hormones that have additive effects are called ________.
11) ______________
12) Sodium concentration imbalance may cause release of ________.
12) ______________
13) The basic pattern of response that the body produces in response to stress is called the
________.
13) ______________
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
14) Label A: ________
15) Label B: ________
16) Label C: ________
17) Label D: ________
18) Label E: ________
19) Label F: ________
20) Label G: ________
21) Label H: ________
22) Label I: ________
23) Label L: ________
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
24) Label M: ________
24) ______________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
25) The ossicles connect the
25) ______
A) cochlea to the tympanic membrane.
B) cochlea to the oval window.
C) tympanic membrane to the round window.
D) tympanic membrane to the oval window.
E) oval window to the round window.
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
26) Match the muscle in the first column with its insertion in the second column.
26) ______________
_____ 1. inferior rectus
A. superior, lateral surface of eyeball
_____ 2. superior rectus
B. inferior, lateral surface of eyeball
_____ 3. inferior oblique
C. inferior, medial surface of eyeball
_____ 4. superior oblique
D. lateral surface of eyeball
_____ 5. lateral rectus
E. superior, medial surface of eyeball
27) Match the muscle in the first column with its action in the second column.
_____ 1. inferior rectus
A. eye looks down
_____ 2. inferior oblique
B. eye rotates medially
_____ 3. lateral rectus
C. eye rolls, looks up and to the side
_____ 4. medial rectus
D. eye rolls, looks down and to the side
_____ 5. superior oblique
E. eye rotates laterally
27) ______________
28) A(n) ________ is an abnormal lens that has lost its clarity.
28) ______________
29) The visual receptors of the retina are called ________ and ________.
29) ______________
30) The ________ contains supporting cells and olfactory receptors.
30) ______________
31) Changes in body position may be sensed by the ear, or by a group of receptors called
________ .
31) ______________
32) Swellings in the semicircular canals are called ________.
32) ______________
33) ________ sense changes in the amount of heat energy.
33) ______________
34) A substance that tastes sour most likely contains ________.
34) ______________
35) The lens attempts to focus light on the ________.
35) ______________
36) Each gustatory cell extends a(n) ________ into the surrounding fluids through a narrow
taste pore.
36) ______________
37) A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are
close.
37) _____________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
38) The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of
38) ______
A) light receptors in the eye.
B) mechanoreceptors in the ear.
C) olfactory receptors in the nose.
D) baroreceptors.
E) nociceptors.
39) A structure that allows the middle ear to communicate with the nasopharynx is the
A) auditory tube.
B) pinna.
C) vestibular duct.
D) tympanic duct.
E) external auditory canal.
39) ______
40) Each of the following statements concerning vision is true EXCEPT one. Identify the exception
A) Depth perception is improved when one eye is closed.
B) Fibers of the optic nerve synapse at the lateral geniculates of the thalamus.
C) Approximately half of the fibers in each optic nerve cross to opposite sides of the brain at
40) _____
the optic
chiasm.
D) The image that is formed on the retina is inverted.
E) The visual cortex of the brain contains a sensory map of the field of vision.
41) The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called
A) slow pain.
B) preferential pain.
C) referred pain.
D) recalcitrant pain.
E) actual pain.
41) ______
42) The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the
A) vestibular duct.
B) basilar membrane.
C) endolymph.
D) tectorial membrane.
E) malleus.
42) ______
43) Our perception of the environment is incomplete because
A) humans do not have receptors for every possible stimulus.
B) our receptors have ranges of sensitivity.
C) all of our awareness of the environment must be learned.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
43) ______
44) The space between the iris and the cornea is the
A) anterior chamber.
B) aqueous humor.
C) vitreous body.
D) posterior chamber.
E) pupil.
44) ______
45) Taste receptors are
A) found only on the tongue.
B) modified epithelial cells.
C) unable to divide.
D) modified neural cells.
E) none of the above
45) _____
46) The fibrous tunic of the eye
A) consists of the sclera and the cornea.
B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye.
C) serves as a point of attachment for extrinsic eye muscles.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above
46) ______
47) ________ deafness results from conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of
vibrations from the tympanum to the oval window.
A) Cochlear
B) Corti
C) Nerve
D) Tunnel
E) Conduction
47) _____
48) Visual pigments are derivatives of
A) opsin.
B) retinal.
C) rhodopsin.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
48) ______
49) Treatment of a cataract usually involves removal of the
A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) vitreous humor.
D) lens.
E) sclera.
49) ______
50) Which of the following concerning olfaction is false?
A) Humans may have as many as 20 million olfactory receptors.
B) Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons.
C) Olfactory stimuli do not pass through the thalamus before journeying to the olfactory
cortex.
D) Human power of olfaction is as powerful as most other mammals.
E) Molecules to be smelled must first dissolve in the mucus covering the olfactory receptors.
50) ______
51) Factors associated with blindness include all of the following EXCEPT
A) diabetes mellitus.
B) glaucoma.
C) retinal detachment.
D) heredity.
E) myopia.
51) ______
52) Nociceptors are sensitive to
A) pain.
B) blood pressure.
C) light touch.
D) pressure.
E) osmotic pressure.
52) ______
53) The smallest ossicle is the
53) ______
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
stapes.
tympanic membrane.
incus.
cochlea.
malleus.
54) Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves
A) V, VII, and IX.
B) VII, VIII, and IX.
C) IX, X, and XI.
D) IX, XI, and XII.
E) VII, IX, and X.
54) ______
55) Olfactory glands
A) form the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium.
B) produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium.
C) are sensitive to aromatic molecules in the air.
D) contain the neural receptors for the sense of smell.
E) form structures called olfactory bulbs.
55) ______
56) An example of neuronal replacement in the adult human involves the
A) pain receptors.
B) olfactory receptors.
C) nociceptors.
D) retinal cells.
E) gustatory receptors.
56) _____
57) When viewing an object close to you, your lens should be more
A) lateral.
B) rounded.
C) convex.
D) medial.
57) ______
E) flattened.
58) The lacrimal glands
A) produce most of the volume of tears.
B) are located in pockets in the frontal bones.
C) produce a slightly acidic secretion that contains lysozyme.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
58) ______
59) Which of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?
A) sour
B) metallic
C) bitter
59) ______
60) The term general senses refers to sensations of
A) hot and cold.
B) pain.
C) touch and vibration.
D) both B and C
D) sweet
E) salty
60) ______
E) all of the above
61) The anterior cavity is
A) filled with aqueous humor.
B) filled with endolymph.
C) filled with perilymph.
D) hollow.
E) filled by the vitreous body.
61) ______
62) A device that monitors the activity of the photoreceptor cells of the eye indicates that there is a
constant flow of neurotransmitter being released by the photoreceptor cells. This information
implies that the subject is
A) focusing on a distant object.
B) reading.
C) in a dark room.
D) in a brightly lit auditorium.
E) outside in sunlight.
62) ______
63) The sense of hearing is provided by receptors of the
A) pinna.
B) middle ear.
C) semicircular canals.
D) outer ear.
E) inner ear.
63) ______
64) Pain receptors
A) increase in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
B) are widely distributed in all tissues.
C) are stimulated by things that cause tissue damage.
D) adapt rapidly.
E) reduce in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
64) ______
65) A viral infection involving the vestibular nuclei may result in
A) loss of sight.
B) a sense of dizziness.
C) loss of hearing.
D) high blood pressure.
E) local paralysis.
65) ______
66) There are ________ primary taste sensations.
A) 2
B) 4
C) 12
D) 20
E) more than 50
66) ______
67) Only about ________ percent of the information provided by afferent fibers reaches the cerebral
cortex and conscious awareness.
A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 8
E) 12
67) ______
68) There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to a different color wavelength of
light. These cones are designated
A) red, blue, and green.
B) red, yellow, and indigo.
C) red, green, and yellow.
D) red, yellow, and blue.
E) yellow, green, and blue.
68) ______
69) Which descending pathway in the spinal cord is responsible for carrying reflex information
maintaining postural muscle tone?
A) vestibulospinal
B) corticospinal
C) spinocerebellar
D) posterior column
E) medial and lateral pathways
69) ______
70) The daily day/night cycle known as a circadian rhythm is established in
A) the lateral geniculates.
B) the medial geniculates.
C) the pineal gland.
D) the hypothalamus.
E) both A and C
70) ______
71) The structure that separates the cochlear duct from the tympanic duct is the
A) organ of Corti.
B) basilar membrane.
C) malleus.
D) vestibular duct.
E) tectorial membrane.
71) ______
72) Which of the following is filled with air?
A) membranous labyrinth
B) cochlea
C) middle ear cavity
D) vestibule
E) semicircular canal
72) ______
73) Stereoscopic vision results when the
A) images in each eye are slightly different.
B) images in both eyes are identical.
C) rods of one eye are stimulated, and cones are stimulated in the other.
73) ______
D) brain interprets the images and alters them.
E) none of the above
74) A blind spot in the retina occurs where
A) ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells.
B) the fovea is located.
C) the optic nerve attaches to the retina.
D) amacrine cells are located.
E) rod cells are clustered to form the macula.
74) ______
75) Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called
A) baroreceptors.
B) nociceptors.
C) thermoreceptors.
D) chemoreceptors.
E) proprioceptors.
75) ______
76) Sensory receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called
A) baroreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) thermoreceptors.
D) nociceptors.
E) proprioceptors.
76) ______
77) Temperature senses use two types of
A) free nerve endings.
B) proprioceptors.
C) tactile corpuscles.
D) chemoreceptors.
E) lamellated corpuscles.
77) ______
78) The fading of a smell some time after you enter a room is an example of experiencing
A) a change in temperature.
B) a change in concentration of the odor.
C) damage to receptors.
D) sensory adaptation.
E) all of the above
78) ______
79) The lens of the eye thickens when the
A) ciliary muscles relax.
B) ciliary muscles contract.
C) suspensory ligaments pull on the lens.
D) ciliary processes contract.
E) conjunctiva contracts.
79) ______
80) Olfactory receptors are examples of
A) proprioceptors.
B) pain receptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) chemoreceptors.
E) thermoreceptors.
80) ______
81) Which of the following contains pain receptors?
A) meninges
B) blood vessels in the brain
C) neural tissue
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
81) ______
82) The shape of the lens is controlled by the
A) aqueous body.
B) ciliary muscles.
C) suspensory ligaments.
D) pupillary dilator muscles.
E) pupillary constrictor muscles.
82) ______
83) Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye?
A) lateral rectus muscle
B) sclera
C) iris
D) conjunctiva
E) retina
83) ______
84) Normal eye focusing is termed
A) refraction.
B) hyperopia.
C) myopia.
D) presbyopia.
E) emmetropia.
84) ______
85) The space between the suspensory ligaments and the iris is the
A) vitreous body.
B) pupil.
C) posterior chamber.
D) posterior cavity.
E) anterior chamber.
85) ______
86) The color receptors within the retina are sensitive to lights that are
A) red, blue, and yellow.
B) red, green, and yellow.
C) orange, green, and purple.
86) ______
D) red, blue, green, and yellow.
E) red, blue, and green.
87) As a result of the tympanic reflex,
A) the auditory ossicles vibrate more forcefully.
B) vibrations are less efficient.
C) the auditory ossicles amplify the signal.
D) vibrations are more efficient.
E) all of the above
87) ______
88) The amplitude of vibrations is measured in
A) wavelength.
B) frequency.
C) intensity.
D) decibels.
E) duration.
88) ______
89) The ciliary muscle helps to
A) control the amount of light reaching the retina.
B) control the shape of the lens.
C) control the production of aqueous humor.
D) move the eyeball.
E) both A and B
89) ______
90) Movement of the sensory receptors in the ampullae of the semicircular canals
A) stimulates the receptor cells, alerting us to rotational movement.
B) allows us to hear sounds.
C) allows us to perceive linear acceleration.
D) stimulates the receptor cells to a change in body position with respect to gravity.
E) produces sound.
90) ______
91) A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that produce a gritty
secretion is the
A) superior eye lid.
B) sclera.
C) conjunctiva.
D) tear gland.
E) lacrimal caruncle.
91) ______
92) Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the
A) auditory ossicles.
B) cochlea.
C) oval window.
D) tympanic membrane.
E) round window.
92) ______
93) The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium is the
________ branch.
A) cochlear
B) vestibular
C) trigeminal
D) auditory
E) otoconial
93) ______
94) Night blindness can be treated by administering
A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin K.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin D.
E) vitamin E.
94) ______
95) Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for rotating the eye laterally?
A) lateral rectus
B) superior rectus
C) inferior rectus
D) inferior oblique
E) medial rectus
95) ______
96) As nerve fibers from the retina travel to the brain, axons from the
A) retinas of both eyes do NOT cross over.
B) nasal half of each eye cross over.
C) otic half of each eye cross over.
D) retinas of both eyes ALL cross over.
E) none of the above
96) ______
97) The range of the human ear is about
A) 2,000–3,000 Hertz.
B) 20–20,000 Hertz.
C) 2,000–200,000 Hertz.
D) 2–2,000 Hertz.
E) 20–2,000 Hertz.
97) ______
98) The Golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when
A) muscle tension decreases.
B) muscles are metabolically active and produce oxygen.
C) muscle tension increases.
D) oxygen is depleted.
E) muscle length increases.
98) ______
99) The transparent portion of the eye is the
A) cornea.
B) iris.
C) conjunctiva.
D) canthus.
E) pupil.
99) ______
100) The special senses are
A) equilibrium.
B) olfaction.
C) vision.
D) gustation.
E) all of the above
100) ______
101) Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for enabling the eye to look upward?
A) medial rectus
B) superior rectus
C) inferior rectus
D) inferior oblique
E) superior oblique
101) ______
102) The frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the
A) frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane.
B) number of rows of hair cells that are stimulated.
C) frequency of hair cell vibration.
D) movement of the perilymph in the cochlear duct.
E) region of the organ of Corti that is stimulated.
102) ______
103) The pigmented portion of the eye is the
A) canthus.
B) cornea.
C) conjunctiva.
D) iris.
E) pupil.
103) ______
104) Rhodopsin is found in
A) sodium pumps.
B) cones.
C) rods.
D) visual pigments.
E) neurotransmitters.
104) _____
105) When all three cone populations are stimulated, one sees
A) white.
B) blue.
C) red.
106) Visual acuity is also known as
A) nearsightedness.
B) farsightedness.
C) astigmatism.
D) clarity of vision.
E) myopia.
105) ______
D) black.
E) green.
106) ______
107) A movement in the vertical plane, such as falling straight down while the body maintains the
anatomic position, would be sensed by the
A) organ of Corti.
B) cochlea.
C) utricles.
D) saccules.
E) supporting cells.
107) ______
108) Chemoreceptors are located in
A) the special senses of taste and smell.
B) the carotid and aortic bodies.
C) the respiratory control center of the medulla.
D) A and B only
E) all of the above
108) ______
109) Muscle spindles are stimulated more when
A) muscles use oxygen.
B) muscle length decreases.
C) muscle tension increases.
D) muscles use glycogen.
E) muscle tension decreases.
109) ______
110) The lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by
A) changing shape.
B) moving in and out.
C) dilating and constricting.
D) moving up and down.
E) opening and closing.
110) ______
111) The hearing receptors are located in the
A) saccule.
B) ampulla.
C) utricle.
D) semicircular canals.
E) organ of Corti.
111) ______
112) The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by
A) decreased resistance to disease and infection.
B) increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen.
C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart.
D) increased protein synthesis.
E) both A and C
112) ______
113) Endocrine organs can be controlled by
113) ______
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
hormones from other endocrine glands.
releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.
direct neural stimulation.
A and C only
all of the above
114) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as
A) Type III.
B) diabetes insipidus.
C) Type II.
D) non–insulin-dependent diabetes.
E) Type I.
114) ______
115) This gland is responsible for establishing daily circadian rhythms.
A) thyroid
B) parathyroid
C) pineal
D) pancreas
E) thymus
115) ______
116) Hormones that control the function of the anterior pituitary gland are released from the
A) thalamus.
B) pineal body.
C) hypothalamus.
D) basal nuclei.
E) medulla oblongata.
116) ______
117) Increased numbers of red blood cells would result from increases in the hormone
A) erythropoietin.
B) thymosin.
C) renin.
D) aldosterone.
E) cortisol.
117) ______
118) Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made?
A) hypothalamus
B) posterior pituitary
C) anterior pituitary
D) thyroid
E) adrenal gland
118) ______
119) In Type II diabetes, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to
the effects of insulin. This suggests that
A) the target cells may lack enough insulin receptors.
B) the target cells are impermeable to insulin.
C) the target cells cannot convert insulin to an active form.
119) ______
D) the target cells have adequate internal supplies of glucose.
E) none of the above
120) The beta cells of the pancreas produce
A) glucagons.
B) rennin.
C) parathyroid hormone.
D) ADH.
E) insulin.
120) ______
121) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
A) TSH.
B) LH.
C) FSH.
D) ACTH.
E) PRL.
121) ______
122) During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is
A) decreased mental alertness.
B) increased urine production.
C) mobilization of energy reserves.
D) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin.
E) all of the above
122) ______
123) The endocrine system
A) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body.
B) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs
simultaneously.
C) produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer.
D) A and C only
E) all of the above
123) ______
124) Diabetes mellitus is characterized by
A) excessive urine production.
B) glucose in the urine.
C) urine with high osmotic pressure.
D) blood sugar imbalance.
E) all of the above
124) ______
125) Effects of medullary hormones include all of the following EXCEPT
A) release of lipids by adipose tissue.
B) increased heart activity.
C) increased blood glucose levels.
D) increased blood pressure.
E) decreased glycogen breakdown.
125) ______
126) The posterior pituitary gland secretes
A) ADH.
B) MSH.
126) ______
C) TSH.
D) FSH.
E) ACTH.
127) The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to rise is
A) growth hormone.
B) erythropoietin.
C) glucagon.
D) cortisol.
E) insulin.
127) ______
128) Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce
A) estrogen.
B) progesterone.
C) testosterone.
D) inhibin.
E) both C and D
128) ______
129) Diabetes insipidus is caused by
A) decreased numbers of insulin receptors.
B) decreased numbers of ADH receptors.
C) decreased levels of ADH.
D) decreased levels of insulin.
E) none of the above
129) ______
130) When adenylate cyclase is activated,
A) protein kinases are metabolized.
B) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores.
C) steroids are produced.
D) cAMP is formed.
E) cAMP is broken down.
130) ______
131) Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect?
A) adrenal gland
B) thyroid gland
C) pituitary gland
D) thymus
E) parathyroid gland
131) ______
132) The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of
A) angiotensin.
B) epinephrine.
C) erythropoietin.
D) ADH.
E) cortisol.
132) ______
133) Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to
A) elevated levels of aldosterone.
B) increased levels of erythropoietin.
133) ______
C) decreased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide.
D) renin release.
E) all of the above
134) The hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome
(GAS) are the
A) mineralocorticoids.
B) glucocorticoids.
C) androgens.
D) thyroid hormones.
E) gonadotropins.
134) ______
135) Thyroid hormone contains the mineral
A) zinc.
B) iron.
C) potassium.
D) iodine.
E) sodium.
135) ______
136) In studying a group of cells it is noticed that when stimulated by a particular hormone, there is
marked increase in the quantity of adenylate cyclase in a cell. The hormone being studied is
probably
A) a peptide.
B) a steroid.
C) testosterone.
D) aldosterone.
E) estrogen.
136) ______
137) Another name for antidiuretic hormone is
A) thymosin.
B) vasopressin.
C) parathyroid hormone.
D) cortisol.
E) growth hormone.
137) ______
138) The hormone that is important for maintenance of the immune system is
A) thyroid hormone.
B) gonadotropin.
C) thymosin.
D) aldosterone.
E) cortisol.
138) ______
139) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is
A) FSH.
B) LH.
C) MSH.
D) ACTH.
E) TSH.
139) ______
140) Alcoholic beverages cause excessive urine production by blocking the action of
A) aldosterone.
B) TSH.
C) cortisol.
D) FSH.
E) ADH.
140) ______
141) The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is
A) parathyroid hormone.
B) thyroid hormone.
C) glucagon.
D) oxytocin.
E) calcitonin.
141) ______
142) The adrenal medulla produces
A) glucocorticoids.
B) mineralocorticoids.
C) epinephrine.
D) steroids.
E) androgens.
142) ______
143) Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in
A) tetany.
B) depressed immune activity.
C) profuse urination.
D) increased sweating.
E) all of the above
143) ______
144) Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the
A) pancreas.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thyroid gland.
D) parathyroid glands.
E) all of the above
144) ______
145) Cells of the adrenal cortex produce
A) parathyroid hormone.
B) epinephrine.
C) insulin.
D) ADH.
E) aldosterone.
145) ______
146) This condition is characterized by abnormally high glucose concentrations that overwhelm the
reabsorption capabilities of the kidneys.
A) glucose diabetes
B) diabetes mellitus
146) ______
C) diabetes insipidus
D) gigantism
E) all of the above
147) Generally the actions of hormones
A) cause changes in the machinery of the cells.
B) tend to be more widespread than actions of the nervous system.
C) are longer lasting than actions of the nervous system.
D) are slower to react than the nervous system.
E) all of the above
148) The pituitary hormone that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin is
A) LH.
B) ACTH.
C) GH.
D) TSH.
147) ______
148) ______
E) MSH.
149) Which of the following is released by axon endings in the posterior pituitary?
A) growth hormone
B) melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) adenylate cyclase
E) antidiuretic hormone
149) ______
150) Target cells of the releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the
A) adrenal gland.
B) posterior pituitary.
C) testes.
D) thymus gland.
E) anterior pituitary.
150) ______
151) Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin would result in
A) acromegaly.
B) myxedema.
C) diabetes insipidus.
D) Cushing's disease.
E) diabetes mellitus.
151) ______
152) Increased aggressive behavior is associated with increases in
A) testosterone.
B) progesterone.
C) thyroid hormone.
D) mineralocorticoids.
E) growth hormone.
152) ______
153) Two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are
A) epinephrine and norepinephrine.
B) CT and PTH.
153) ______
C) PRL and ACTH.
D) oxytocin and ADH.
E) FSH and GH.
154) In response to stress, the concentration of epinephrine
A) increases and cortisol remains unchanged.
B) increases and cortisol decreases.
C) decreases and cortisol increases.
D) and cortisol decreases.
E) and cortisol increases.
154) ______
155) This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of
ADH.
A) diabetes mellitus
B) pituitary dwarfism
C) diabetes insipidus
D) gigantism
E) exophthalmos
155) ______
156) When blood glucose levels fall,
A) insulin is released.
B) protein synthesis decreases.
C) glucagon is released.
D) peripheral cells take up less glucose.
E) all of the above
156) ______
157) The most complex endocrine responses involve the
A) adrenal glands.
B) hypothalamus.
C) thymus.
D) thyroid gland.
E) pancreas.
157) ______
158) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the
blood.
A) cortisol
B) thymosin
C) parathyroid hormone
D) aldosterone
E) calcitonin
158) ______
159) The hormone released from the adrenal medulla is
A) aldosterone.
B) insulin.
C) cortisol.
D) androgens.
159) ______
E) none of the above
160) Two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are
A) PRL and OT.
B) GH and TSH.
C) ADH and OT.
D) ACTH and LH.
E) ADH and FSH.
160) ______
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
Using the figure above, identify the labeled part.
161) Label A: ________
161) _____________
162) Label B: ________
162) _____________
163) Label C: ________
163) _____________
164) Label D: ________
164) _____________
165) Label E: ________
165) _____________
166) Label F: ________
166) _____________
167) Label G: ________
167) _____________
168) Label H: ________
168) _____________
169) Label I: ________
169) _____________
170) Label J: ________
170) _____________
171) Label K: ________
171) _____________
172) Label L: ________
172) _____________
173) Label O: ________
173) _____________
174) Label P: ________
174) _____________
175) Label Q: ________
175) _____________
176) Label R: ________
176) _____________
177) Label S: ________
177) _____________
178) Label T: ________
178) _____________
179) Label U: ________
179) _____________
180) Label V: ________
180) _____________
181) Label W: ________
181) _____________
182) Label X: ________
182) _____________
1) D
2) 1-D, 2-E, 3-C, 4-B, 5-A
3) target cells
4) hypophyseal portal vessels.
5) follicles
6) iodine
7) adrenal
8) humoral
9) medulla
10) permissiveness
11) synergists
12) aldosterone
13) general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
14) Hypothalamus
15) Pituitary gland
16) Thyroid gland
17) Thymus
18) Adrenal glands
19) Gonads
20) Pancreatic islets
21) Digestive tract
22) Adipose tissue
23) Parathyroid glands
24) Pineal gland
25) D
26) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D
27) 1-A, 2-C, 3-E, 4-B, 5-D
28) cataract
29) rods; cones
30) olfactory epithelium
31) proprioceptors
32) ampullae
33) Thermoreceptors
34) hydrogen ions
35) fovea centralis
36) taste hair
37) hyperopia
38) C
39) A
40) A
41) C
42) D
43) D
44) A
45) B
46) E
47) E
48) C
49) D
50) D
51) E
52) A
53) A
54) E
55) B
56) B
57) B
58) D
59) B
60) E
61) A
62) C
63) E
64) C
65) B
66) B
67) A
68) A
69) A
70) E
71) B
72) C
73) A
74) C
75) E
76) A
77) A
78) D
79) A
80) D
81) D
82) B
83) E
84) E
85) C
86) E
87) B
88) D
89) B
90) A
91) E
92) D
93) B
94) A
95) A
96) B
97) E
98) C
99) A
100) E
101) B
102) E
103) D
104) C
105) A
106) D
107) D
108) E
109) E
110) A
111) E
112) A
113) E
114) E
115) C
116) C
117) A
118) A
119) A
120) E
121) E
122) C
123) E
124) E
125) E
126) A
127) C
128) E
129) C
130) D
131) B
132) A
133) E
134) B
135) D
136) A
137) B
138) C
139) D
140) E
141) A
142) C
143) A
144) C
145) E
146) B
147) E
148) E
149) E
150) E
151) E
152) A
153) A
154) E
155) C
156) C
157) B
158) C
159) E
160) C
161) Visual axis
162) Cornea
163) Iris
164) Suspensory ligament of lens
165) Conjunctiva
166) Lower eyelid
167) Sclera
168) Choroid
169) Retina
170) Posterior cavity (vitreous chamber)
171) Lateral rectus muscle
172) Fovea
173) Optic nerve
174) Optic disc
175) Medial rectus muscle
176) Ethmoidal sinuses
177) Ciliary muscle
178) Lacrimal sac
179) Lacrimal pore
180) Anterior cavity
181) Posterior chamber
182) Anterior chamber