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Endocrine and Special Senses practice Questions Scioly 2016 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) An important second messenger in hormonal action is 1) ________ A) calcium. B) ADP. C) adenylate cyclase. D) cAMP. E) ATP. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 2) Match the endocrine gland in the first column with its associated hormone in the second 2) _______________ column. _____ 1. pituitary A. cortisol _____ 2. thymus B. melatonin _____ 3. thyroid C. calcitonin _____ 4. pineal D. growth hormone _____ 5. adrenal E. thymosins 3) Peripheral cells sensitive to the presence of hormones are called ________. 3) ______________ 4) Hormones from the hypothalamus that alter the activity of the anterior pituitary travel in special blood vessels called the ________. 4) _______________ 5) The thyroid gland is composed of many ________ that produce and store thyroid hormone. 5) _______________ 6) Cells of the thyroid gland are the only cells in the body with a need for the mineral ________. 6) _______________ 7) The ________ gland is located along the superior border of the kidney. 7) _______________ 8) The stimulus for hormone release may be neural, hormonal, or ________. 8) _______________ 9) The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________. 9) _______________ 10) Sometimes a releasing hormone is required for release of another hormone. This property is called ________. 10) ______________ 11) Two hormones that have additive effects are called ________. 11) ______________ 12) Sodium concentration imbalance may cause release of ________. 12) ______________ 13) The basic pattern of response that the body produces in response to stress is called the ________. 13) ______________ ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper. Using the figure above, identify the labeled part. 14) Label A: ________ 15) Label B: ________ 16) Label C: ________ 17) Label D: ________ 18) Label E: ________ 19) Label F: ________ 20) Label G: ________ 21) Label H: ________ 22) Label I: ________ 23) Label L: ________ SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 24) Label M: ________ 24) ______________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 25) The ossicles connect the 25) ______ A) cochlea to the tympanic membrane. B) cochlea to the oval window. C) tympanic membrane to the round window. D) tympanic membrane to the oval window. E) oval window to the round window. SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 26) Match the muscle in the first column with its insertion in the second column. 26) ______________ _____ 1. inferior rectus A. superior, lateral surface of eyeball _____ 2. superior rectus B. inferior, lateral surface of eyeball _____ 3. inferior oblique C. inferior, medial surface of eyeball _____ 4. superior oblique D. lateral surface of eyeball _____ 5. lateral rectus E. superior, medial surface of eyeball 27) Match the muscle in the first column with its action in the second column. _____ 1. inferior rectus A. eye looks down _____ 2. inferior oblique B. eye rotates medially _____ 3. lateral rectus C. eye rolls, looks up and to the side _____ 4. medial rectus D. eye rolls, looks down and to the side _____ 5. superior oblique E. eye rotates laterally 27) ______________ 28) A(n) ________ is an abnormal lens that has lost its clarity. 28) ______________ 29) The visual receptors of the retina are called ________ and ________. 29) ______________ 30) The ________ contains supporting cells and olfactory receptors. 30) ______________ 31) Changes in body position may be sensed by the ear, or by a group of receptors called ________ . 31) ______________ 32) Swellings in the semicircular canals are called ________. 32) ______________ 33) ________ sense changes in the amount of heat energy. 33) ______________ 34) A substance that tastes sour most likely contains ________. 34) ______________ 35) The lens attempts to focus light on the ________. 35) ______________ 36) Each gustatory cell extends a(n) ________ into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore. 36) ______________ 37) A person suffering from ________ can see distant objects more clearly than those that are close. 37) _____________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 38) The function of gustatory receptors parallels that of 38) ______ A) light receptors in the eye. B) mechanoreceptors in the ear. C) olfactory receptors in the nose. D) baroreceptors. E) nociceptors. 39) A structure that allows the middle ear to communicate with the nasopharynx is the A) auditory tube. B) pinna. C) vestibular duct. D) tympanic duct. E) external auditory canal. 39) ______ 40) Each of the following statements concerning vision is true EXCEPT one. Identify the exception A) Depth perception is improved when one eye is closed. B) Fibers of the optic nerve synapse at the lateral geniculates of the thalamus. C) Approximately half of the fibers in each optic nerve cross to opposite sides of the brain at 40) _____ the optic chiasm. D) The image that is formed on the retina is inverted. E) The visual cortex of the brain contains a sensory map of the field of vision. 41) The perception of pain coming from parts of the body that are not actually stimulated is called A) slow pain. B) preferential pain. C) referred pain. D) recalcitrant pain. E) actual pain. 41) ______ 42) The structure that overlies the organ of Corti is the A) vestibular duct. B) basilar membrane. C) endolymph. D) tectorial membrane. E) malleus. 42) ______ 43) Our perception of the environment is incomplete because A) humans do not have receptors for every possible stimulus. B) our receptors have ranges of sensitivity. C) all of our awareness of the environment must be learned. D) A and B only E) all of the above 43) ______ 44) The space between the iris and the cornea is the A) anterior chamber. B) aqueous humor. C) vitreous body. D) posterior chamber. E) pupil. 44) ______ 45) Taste receptors are A) found only on the tongue. B) modified epithelial cells. C) unable to divide. D) modified neural cells. E) none of the above 45) _____ 46) The fibrous tunic of the eye A) consists of the sclera and the cornea. B) provides mechanical support and some protection for the eye. C) serves as a point of attachment for extrinsic eye muscles. D) A and C only E) all of the above 46) ______ 47) ________ deafness results from conditions in the middle ear that block the normal transfer of vibrations from the tympanum to the oval window. A) Cochlear B) Corti C) Nerve D) Tunnel E) Conduction 47) _____ 48) Visual pigments are derivatives of A) opsin. B) retinal. C) rhodopsin. D) both A and B E) all of the above 48) ______ 49) Treatment of a cataract usually involves removal of the A) cornea. B) iris. C) vitreous humor. D) lens. E) sclera. 49) ______ 50) Which of the following concerning olfaction is false? A) Humans may have as many as 20 million olfactory receptors. B) Olfactory receptors are highly modified neurons. C) Olfactory stimuli do not pass through the thalamus before journeying to the olfactory cortex. D) Human power of olfaction is as powerful as most other mammals. E) Molecules to be smelled must first dissolve in the mucus covering the olfactory receptors. 50) ______ 51) Factors associated with blindness include all of the following EXCEPT A) diabetes mellitus. B) glaucoma. C) retinal detachment. D) heredity. E) myopia. 51) ______ 52) Nociceptors are sensitive to A) pain. B) blood pressure. C) light touch. D) pressure. E) osmotic pressure. 52) ______ 53) The smallest ossicle is the 53) ______ A) B) C) D) E) stapes. tympanic membrane. incus. cochlea. malleus. 54) Taste buds are monitored by cranial nerves A) V, VII, and IX. B) VII, VIII, and IX. C) IX, X, and XI. D) IX, XI, and XII. E) VII, IX, and X. 54) ______ 55) Olfactory glands A) form the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium. B) produce a pigmented mucus that covers the olfactory epithelium. C) are sensitive to aromatic molecules in the air. D) contain the neural receptors for the sense of smell. E) form structures called olfactory bulbs. 55) ______ 56) An example of neuronal replacement in the adult human involves the A) pain receptors. B) olfactory receptors. C) nociceptors. D) retinal cells. E) gustatory receptors. 56) _____ 57) When viewing an object close to you, your lens should be more A) lateral. B) rounded. C) convex. D) medial. 57) ______ E) flattened. 58) The lacrimal glands A) produce most of the volume of tears. B) are located in pockets in the frontal bones. C) produce a slightly acidic secretion that contains lysozyme. D) A and B only E) all of the above 58) ______ 59) Which of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation? A) sour B) metallic C) bitter 59) ______ 60) The term general senses refers to sensations of A) hot and cold. B) pain. C) touch and vibration. D) both B and C D) sweet E) salty 60) ______ E) all of the above 61) The anterior cavity is A) filled with aqueous humor. B) filled with endolymph. C) filled with perilymph. D) hollow. E) filled by the vitreous body. 61) ______ 62) A device that monitors the activity of the photoreceptor cells of the eye indicates that there is a constant flow of neurotransmitter being released by the photoreceptor cells. This information implies that the subject is A) focusing on a distant object. B) reading. C) in a dark room. D) in a brightly lit auditorium. E) outside in sunlight. 62) ______ 63) The sense of hearing is provided by receptors of the A) pinna. B) middle ear. C) semicircular canals. D) outer ear. E) inner ear. 63) ______ 64) Pain receptors A) increase in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus. B) are widely distributed in all tissues. C) are stimulated by things that cause tissue damage. D) adapt rapidly. E) reduce in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus. 64) ______ 65) A viral infection involving the vestibular nuclei may result in A) loss of sight. B) a sense of dizziness. C) loss of hearing. D) high blood pressure. E) local paralysis. 65) ______ 66) There are ________ primary taste sensations. A) 2 B) 4 C) 12 D) 20 E) more than 50 66) ______ 67) Only about ________ percent of the information provided by afferent fibers reaches the cerebral cortex and conscious awareness. A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 8 E) 12 67) ______ 68) There are three different types of cones, each one sensitive to a different color wavelength of light. These cones are designated A) red, blue, and green. B) red, yellow, and indigo. C) red, green, and yellow. D) red, yellow, and blue. E) yellow, green, and blue. 68) ______ 69) Which descending pathway in the spinal cord is responsible for carrying reflex information maintaining postural muscle tone? A) vestibulospinal B) corticospinal C) spinocerebellar D) posterior column E) medial and lateral pathways 69) ______ 70) The daily day/night cycle known as a circadian rhythm is established in A) the lateral geniculates. B) the medial geniculates. C) the pineal gland. D) the hypothalamus. E) both A and C 70) ______ 71) The structure that separates the cochlear duct from the tympanic duct is the A) organ of Corti. B) basilar membrane. C) malleus. D) vestibular duct. E) tectorial membrane. 71) ______ 72) Which of the following is filled with air? A) membranous labyrinth B) cochlea C) middle ear cavity D) vestibule E) semicircular canal 72) ______ 73) Stereoscopic vision results when the A) images in each eye are slightly different. B) images in both eyes are identical. C) rods of one eye are stimulated, and cones are stimulated in the other. 73) ______ D) brain interprets the images and alters them. E) none of the above 74) A blind spot in the retina occurs where A) ganglion cells synapse with bipolar cells. B) the fovea is located. C) the optic nerve attaches to the retina. D) amacrine cells are located. E) rod cells are clustered to form the macula. 74) ______ 75) Sensory receptors that monitor the position of joints are called A) baroreceptors. B) nociceptors. C) thermoreceptors. D) chemoreceptors. E) proprioceptors. 75) ______ 76) Sensory receptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called A) baroreceptors. B) chemoreceptors. C) thermoreceptors. D) nociceptors. E) proprioceptors. 76) ______ 77) Temperature senses use two types of A) free nerve endings. B) proprioceptors. C) tactile corpuscles. D) chemoreceptors. E) lamellated corpuscles. 77) ______ 78) The fading of a smell some time after you enter a room is an example of experiencing A) a change in temperature. B) a change in concentration of the odor. C) damage to receptors. D) sensory adaptation. E) all of the above 78) ______ 79) The lens of the eye thickens when the A) ciliary muscles relax. B) ciliary muscles contract. C) suspensory ligaments pull on the lens. D) ciliary processes contract. E) conjunctiva contracts. 79) ______ 80) Olfactory receptors are examples of A) proprioceptors. B) pain receptors. C) mechanoreceptors. D) chemoreceptors. E) thermoreceptors. 80) ______ 81) Which of the following contains pain receptors? A) meninges B) blood vessels in the brain C) neural tissue D) both A and B E) both B and C 81) ______ 82) The shape of the lens is controlled by the A) aqueous body. B) ciliary muscles. C) suspensory ligaments. D) pupillary dilator muscles. E) pupillary constrictor muscles. 82) ______ 83) Which of the following is part of the inner tunic of the eye? A) lateral rectus muscle B) sclera C) iris D) conjunctiva E) retina 83) ______ 84) Normal eye focusing is termed A) refraction. B) hyperopia. C) myopia. D) presbyopia. E) emmetropia. 84) ______ 85) The space between the suspensory ligaments and the iris is the A) vitreous body. B) pupil. C) posterior chamber. D) posterior cavity. E) anterior chamber. 85) ______ 86) The color receptors within the retina are sensitive to lights that are A) red, blue, and yellow. B) red, green, and yellow. C) orange, green, and purple. 86) ______ D) red, blue, green, and yellow. E) red, blue, and green. 87) As a result of the tympanic reflex, A) the auditory ossicles vibrate more forcefully. B) vibrations are less efficient. C) the auditory ossicles amplify the signal. D) vibrations are more efficient. E) all of the above 87) ______ 88) The amplitude of vibrations is measured in A) wavelength. B) frequency. C) intensity. D) decibels. E) duration. 88) ______ 89) The ciliary muscle helps to A) control the amount of light reaching the retina. B) control the shape of the lens. C) control the production of aqueous humor. D) move the eyeball. E) both A and B 89) ______ 90) Movement of the sensory receptors in the ampullae of the semicircular canals A) stimulates the receptor cells, alerting us to rotational movement. B) allows us to hear sounds. C) allows us to perceive linear acceleration. D) stimulates the receptor cells to a change in body position with respect to gravity. E) produces sound. 90) ______ 91) A structure that is located at the medial canthus and contains glands that produce a gritty secretion is the A) superior eye lid. B) sclera. C) conjunctiva. D) tear gland. E) lacrimal caruncle. 91) ______ 92) Sound waves are converted into mechanical movements by the A) auditory ossicles. B) cochlea. C) oval window. D) tympanic membrane. E) round window. 92) ______ 93) The branch of the cranial nerve that is responsible for monitoring changes in equilibrium is the ________ branch. A) cochlear B) vestibular C) trigeminal D) auditory E) otoconial 93) ______ 94) Night blindness can be treated by administering A) vitamin A. B) vitamin K. C) vitamin C. D) vitamin D. E) vitamin E. 94) ______ 95) Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for rotating the eye laterally? A) lateral rectus B) superior rectus C) inferior rectus D) inferior oblique E) medial rectus 95) ______ 96) As nerve fibers from the retina travel to the brain, axons from the A) retinas of both eyes do NOT cross over. B) nasal half of each eye cross over. C) otic half of each eye cross over. D) retinas of both eyes ALL cross over. E) none of the above 96) ______ 97) The range of the human ear is about A) 2,000–3,000 Hertz. B) 20–20,000 Hertz. C) 2,000–200,000 Hertz. D) 2–2,000 Hertz. E) 20–2,000 Hertz. 97) ______ 98) The Golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when A) muscle tension decreases. B) muscles are metabolically active and produce oxygen. C) muscle tension increases. D) oxygen is depleted. E) muscle length increases. 98) ______ 99) The transparent portion of the eye is the A) cornea. B) iris. C) conjunctiva. D) canthus. E) pupil. 99) ______ 100) The special senses are A) equilibrium. B) olfaction. C) vision. D) gustation. E) all of the above 100) ______ 101) Which of the following extrinsic eye muscles is responsible for enabling the eye to look upward? A) medial rectus B) superior rectus C) inferior rectus D) inferior oblique E) superior oblique 101) ______ 102) The frequency of a sound is indicated to the nervous system by the A) frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane. B) number of rows of hair cells that are stimulated. C) frequency of hair cell vibration. D) movement of the perilymph in the cochlear duct. E) region of the organ of Corti that is stimulated. 102) ______ 103) The pigmented portion of the eye is the A) canthus. B) cornea. C) conjunctiva. D) iris. E) pupil. 103) ______ 104) Rhodopsin is found in A) sodium pumps. B) cones. C) rods. D) visual pigments. E) neurotransmitters. 104) _____ 105) When all three cone populations are stimulated, one sees A) white. B) blue. C) red. 106) Visual acuity is also known as A) nearsightedness. B) farsightedness. C) astigmatism. D) clarity of vision. E) myopia. 105) ______ D) black. E) green. 106) ______ 107) A movement in the vertical plane, such as falling straight down while the body maintains the anatomic position, would be sensed by the A) organ of Corti. B) cochlea. C) utricles. D) saccules. E) supporting cells. 107) ______ 108) Chemoreceptors are located in A) the special senses of taste and smell. B) the carotid and aortic bodies. C) the respiratory control center of the medulla. D) A and B only E) all of the above 108) ______ 109) Muscle spindles are stimulated more when A) muscles use oxygen. B) muscle length decreases. C) muscle tension increases. D) muscles use glycogen. E) muscle tension decreases. 109) ______ 110) The lens focuses light on the photoreceptor cells by A) changing shape. B) moving in and out. C) dilating and constricting. D) moving up and down. E) opening and closing. 110) ______ 111) The hearing receptors are located in the A) saccule. B) ampulla. C) utricle. D) semicircular canals. E) organ of Corti. 111) ______ 112) The exhaustion phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by A) decreased resistance to disease and infection. B) increased ability to produce glucose from glycogen. C) increased pumping effectiveness of the heart. D) increased protein synthesis. E) both A and C 112) ______ 113) Endocrine organs can be controlled by 113) ______ A) B) C) D) E) hormones from other endocrine glands. releasing hormones from the hypothalamus. direct neural stimulation. A and C only all of the above 114) Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is also known as A) Type III. B) diabetes insipidus. C) Type II. D) non–insulin-dependent diabetes. E) Type I. 114) ______ 115) This gland is responsible for establishing daily circadian rhythms. A) thyroid B) parathyroid C) pineal D) pancreas E) thymus 115) ______ 116) Hormones that control the function of the anterior pituitary gland are released from the A) thalamus. B) pineal body. C) hypothalamus. D) basal nuclei. E) medulla oblongata. 116) ______ 117) Increased numbers of red blood cells would result from increases in the hormone A) erythropoietin. B) thymosin. C) renin. D) aldosterone. E) cortisol. 117) ______ 118) Where are the hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary made? A) hypothalamus B) posterior pituitary C) anterior pituitary D) thyroid E) adrenal gland 118) ______ 119) In Type II diabetes, insulin levels are frequently normal, yet the target cells are less sensitive to the effects of insulin. This suggests that A) the target cells may lack enough insulin receptors. B) the target cells are impermeable to insulin. C) the target cells cannot convert insulin to an active form. 119) ______ D) the target cells have adequate internal supplies of glucose. E) none of the above 120) The beta cells of the pancreas produce A) glucagons. B) rennin. C) parathyroid hormone. D) ADH. E) insulin. 120) ______ 121) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A) TSH. B) LH. C) FSH. D) ACTH. E) PRL. 121) ______ 122) During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is A) decreased mental alertness. B) increased urine production. C) mobilization of energy reserves. D) decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. E) all of the above 122) ______ 123) The endocrine system A) releases chemicals into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. B) releases hormones that alter the metabolic activities of many different tissues and organs simultaneously. C) produces effects that can last for hours, days, and even longer. D) A and C only E) all of the above 123) ______ 124) Diabetes mellitus is characterized by A) excessive urine production. B) glucose in the urine. C) urine with high osmotic pressure. D) blood sugar imbalance. E) all of the above 124) ______ 125) Effects of medullary hormones include all of the following EXCEPT A) release of lipids by adipose tissue. B) increased heart activity. C) increased blood glucose levels. D) increased blood pressure. E) decreased glycogen breakdown. 125) ______ 126) The posterior pituitary gland secretes A) ADH. B) MSH. 126) ______ C) TSH. D) FSH. E) ACTH. 127) The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar levels to rise is A) growth hormone. B) erythropoietin. C) glucagon. D) cortisol. E) insulin. 127) ______ 128) Hormone-producing cells of the testes produce A) estrogen. B) progesterone. C) testosterone. D) inhibin. E) both C and D 128) ______ 129) Diabetes insipidus is caused by A) decreased numbers of insulin receptors. B) decreased numbers of ADH receptors. C) decreased levels of ADH. D) decreased levels of insulin. E) none of the above 129) ______ 130) When adenylate cyclase is activated, A) protein kinases are metabolized. B) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. C) steroids are produced. D) cAMP is formed. E) cAMP is broken down. 130) ______ 131) Hormones from which of the following glands are responsible for the calorigenic effect? A) adrenal gland B) thyroid gland C) pituitary gland D) thymus E) parathyroid gland 131) ______ 132) The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of A) angiotensin. B) epinephrine. C) erythropoietin. D) ADH. E) cortisol. 132) ______ 133) Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would lead to A) elevated levels of aldosterone. B) increased levels of erythropoietin. 133) ______ C) decreased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide. D) renin release. E) all of the above 134) The hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the A) mineralocorticoids. B) glucocorticoids. C) androgens. D) thyroid hormones. E) gonadotropins. 134) ______ 135) Thyroid hormone contains the mineral A) zinc. B) iron. C) potassium. D) iodine. E) sodium. 135) ______ 136) In studying a group of cells it is noticed that when stimulated by a particular hormone, there is marked increase in the quantity of adenylate cyclase in a cell. The hormone being studied is probably A) a peptide. B) a steroid. C) testosterone. D) aldosterone. E) estrogen. 136) ______ 137) Another name for antidiuretic hormone is A) thymosin. B) vasopressin. C) parathyroid hormone. D) cortisol. E) growth hormone. 137) ______ 138) The hormone that is important for maintenance of the immune system is A) thyroid hormone. B) gonadotropin. C) thymosin. D) aldosterone. E) cortisol. 138) ______ 139) The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is A) FSH. B) LH. C) MSH. D) ACTH. E) TSH. 139) ______ 140) Alcoholic beverages cause excessive urine production by blocking the action of A) aldosterone. B) TSH. C) cortisol. D) FSH. E) ADH. 140) ______ 141) The hormone that causes the activation of osteoclasts is A) parathyroid hormone. B) thyroid hormone. C) glucagon. D) oxytocin. E) calcitonin. 141) ______ 142) The adrenal medulla produces A) glucocorticoids. B) mineralocorticoids. C) epinephrine. D) steroids. E) androgens. 142) ______ 143) Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in A) tetany. B) depressed immune activity. C) profuse urination. D) increased sweating. E) all of the above 143) ______ 144) Triiodothyronine is a hormone secreted by the A) pancreas. B) hypothalamus. C) thyroid gland. D) parathyroid glands. E) all of the above 144) ______ 145) Cells of the adrenal cortex produce A) parathyroid hormone. B) epinephrine. C) insulin. D) ADH. E) aldosterone. 145) ______ 146) This condition is characterized by abnormally high glucose concentrations that overwhelm the reabsorption capabilities of the kidneys. A) glucose diabetes B) diabetes mellitus 146) ______ C) diabetes insipidus D) gigantism E) all of the above 147) Generally the actions of hormones A) cause changes in the machinery of the cells. B) tend to be more widespread than actions of the nervous system. C) are longer lasting than actions of the nervous system. D) are slower to react than the nervous system. E) all of the above 148) The pituitary hormone that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin is A) LH. B) ACTH. C) GH. D) TSH. 147) ______ 148) ______ E) MSH. 149) Which of the following is released by axon endings in the posterior pituitary? A) growth hormone B) melanocyte-stimulating hormone C) thyroid-stimulating hormone D) adenylate cyclase E) antidiuretic hormone 149) ______ 150) Target cells of the releasing and inhibiting hormones are located in the A) adrenal gland. B) posterior pituitary. C) testes. D) thymus gland. E) anterior pituitary. 150) ______ 151) Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin would result in A) acromegaly. B) myxedema. C) diabetes insipidus. D) Cushing's disease. E) diabetes mellitus. 151) ______ 152) Increased aggressive behavior is associated with increases in A) testosterone. B) progesterone. C) thyroid hormone. D) mineralocorticoids. E) growth hormone. 152) ______ 153) Two hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are A) epinephrine and norepinephrine. B) CT and PTH. 153) ______ C) PRL and ACTH. D) oxytocin and ADH. E) FSH and GH. 154) In response to stress, the concentration of epinephrine A) increases and cortisol remains unchanged. B) increases and cortisol decreases. C) decreases and cortisol increases. D) and cortisol decreases. E) and cortisol increases. 154) ______ 155) This condition develops when the posterior pituitary no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH. A) diabetes mellitus B) pituitary dwarfism C) diabetes insipidus D) gigantism E) exophthalmos 155) ______ 156) When blood glucose levels fall, A) insulin is released. B) protein synthesis decreases. C) glucagon is released. D) peripheral cells take up less glucose. E) all of the above 156) ______ 157) The most complex endocrine responses involve the A) adrenal glands. B) hypothalamus. C) thymus. D) thyroid gland. E) pancreas. 157) ______ 158) Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood. A) cortisol B) thymosin C) parathyroid hormone D) aldosterone E) calcitonin 158) ______ 159) The hormone released from the adrenal medulla is A) aldosterone. B) insulin. C) cortisol. D) androgens. 159) ______ E) none of the above 160) Two hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are A) PRL and OT. B) GH and TSH. C) ADH and OT. D) ACTH and LH. E) ADH and FSH. 160) ______ SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. Using the figure above, identify the labeled part. 161) Label A: ________ 161) _____________ 162) Label B: ________ 162) _____________ 163) Label C: ________ 163) _____________ 164) Label D: ________ 164) _____________ 165) Label E: ________ 165) _____________ 166) Label F: ________ 166) _____________ 167) Label G: ________ 167) _____________ 168) Label H: ________ 168) _____________ 169) Label I: ________ 169) _____________ 170) Label J: ________ 170) _____________ 171) Label K: ________ 171) _____________ 172) Label L: ________ 172) _____________ 173) Label O: ________ 173) _____________ 174) Label P: ________ 174) _____________ 175) Label Q: ________ 175) _____________ 176) Label R: ________ 176) _____________ 177) Label S: ________ 177) _____________ 178) Label T: ________ 178) _____________ 179) Label U: ________ 179) _____________ 180) Label V: ________ 180) _____________ 181) Label W: ________ 181) _____________ 182) Label X: ________ 182) _____________ 1) D 2) 1-D, 2-E, 3-C, 4-B, 5-A 3) target cells 4) hypophyseal portal vessels. 5) follicles 6) iodine 7) adrenal 8) humoral 9) medulla 10) permissiveness 11) synergists 12) aldosterone 13) general adaptation syndrome (GAS) 14) Hypothalamus 15) Pituitary gland 16) Thyroid gland 17) Thymus 18) Adrenal glands 19) Gonads 20) Pancreatic islets 21) Digestive tract 22) Adipose tissue 23) Parathyroid glands 24) Pineal gland 25) D 26) 1-C, 2-A, 3-B, 4-E, 5-D 27) 1-A, 2-C, 3-E, 4-B, 5-D 28) cataract 29) rods; cones 30) olfactory epithelium 31) proprioceptors 32) ampullae 33) Thermoreceptors 34) hydrogen ions 35) fovea centralis 36) taste hair 37) hyperopia 38) C 39) A 40) A 41) C 42) D 43) D 44) A 45) B 46) E 47) E 48) C 49) D 50) D 51) E 52) A 53) A 54) E 55) B 56) B 57) B 58) D 59) B 60) E 61) A 62) C 63) E 64) C 65) B 66) B 67) A 68) A 69) A 70) E 71) B 72) C 73) A 74) C 75) E 76) A 77) A 78) D 79) A 80) D 81) D 82) B 83) E 84) E 85) C 86) E 87) B 88) D 89) B 90) A 91) E 92) D 93) B 94) A 95) A 96) B 97) E 98) C 99) A 100) E 101) B 102) E 103) D 104) C 105) A 106) D 107) D 108) E 109) E 110) A 111) E 112) A 113) E 114) E 115) C 116) C 117) A 118) A 119) A 120) E 121) E 122) C 123) E 124) E 125) E 126) A 127) C 128) E 129) C 130) D 131) B 132) A 133) E 134) B 135) D 136) A 137) B 138) C 139) D 140) E 141) A 142) C 143) A 144) C 145) E 146) B 147) E 148) E 149) E 150) E 151) E 152) A 153) A 154) E 155) C 156) C 157) B 158) C 159) E 160) C 161) Visual axis 162) Cornea 163) Iris 164) Suspensory ligament of lens 165) Conjunctiva 166) Lower eyelid 167) Sclera 168) Choroid 169) Retina 170) Posterior cavity (vitreous chamber) 171) Lateral rectus muscle 172) Fovea 173) Optic nerve 174) Optic disc 175) Medial rectus muscle 176) Ethmoidal sinuses 177) Ciliary muscle 178) Lacrimal sac 179) Lacrimal pore 180) Anterior cavity 181) Posterior chamber 182) Anterior chamber