Download CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

CARDIAC
EMERGENCIES
Anatomy of the Heart
Muscular organ (fist size)
 Functions like a pump
 Protected by the ribs, sternum, and
spine
 4 chambers, right and left halves
 Supplied with blood by the coronary
arteries

Functions of the Heart
Right atrium (receives O2 poor blood
from veins)
 Right ventricle (pumps O2 poor blood
to the lungs)
 Left atrium (receives O2 rich blood)
 Left ventricle (pumps O2 rich blood to
the body)

HEART ATTACK
Coronary arteries fail to supply the
heart muscle with O2 rich blood
 Muscle tissue starts to die (too much
= heart stops pumping blood)
 Interrupts heart’s electrical system,
causes irregular heartbeat

Causes of Heart Attack
 Cardiovascular
Disease
(heart and blood vessels)
70 million Americans have it
1 million deaths
 Coronary Artery Disease
Preventing Cardiovascular Disease


Early tendencies….junk food and smoking
Risk Factors







Gender….males higher
Family history of heart disease
Smoking*
Diets high in saturated fats*
Obesity*
High blood pressure*
Lack of exercise*
Cardiovascular Disease

Cholesterol causes atherosclerosis
S/S of Heart Attack
 Persistent
chest pain or
discomfort
 Difficulty breathing
 Changes in pulse rate
 Skin appearance
Care for Heart Attack







Summon EMS
Convince victim to stop activity and rest
Help victim rest comfortably
SAMPLE History
Comfort the victim
Monitor Vitals
Be prepared for CPR
CARDIAC ARREST
 Heart
stops beating or beats too
weakly to circulate blood
 Breathing stops—clinical death
 Organs no longer receiving O2
rich blood
 300,000 deaths prior to reaching
hospital
Causes of Cardiac Arrest








*Cardiovascular disease*
Drowning
Suffocation
Certain drugs
Severe injuries to the chest
Severe blood loss
Electrocution
Stroke
Stroke
STROKE



A stroke is an interruption of the blood
supply to any part of the brain. A stroke is
sometimes called a "brain attack."
Alternative Names
Cerebrovascular disease; CVA; Cerebral
infarction; Cerebral hemorrhage
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
HCM is the leading cause of sudden
death in young people
 (1 in 500 people)


Excessive thickening of heart muscle

Anthony Bates Foundation
Signs of Cardiac Arrest
 NO
PULSE
 NO BREATHING
Care for Cardiac Arrest
 Call
 CPR
911
and AED until ACLS
equipment arrives
Using an AED
1.
2.
3.
4.
Confirm cardiac arrest (ABC’s)
Do CPR until AED is ready
Open the lid of the AED
Attach the electrode pads to the chest
1.
5.
6.
Dry and shave chest if necessary
Let the AED analyze the rhythm
Deliver a shock, if indicated
Precautions….DO NOT:







use alcohol pads to clean the chest
touch victim while analyzing and defibrillating
use in a moving vehicle, water, or on sheet
metal
use within 10 feet of cell phones
use on children under the age of 8
use on someone wearing a nitroglycerine patch
use near flammable materials
Adult CPR
Hand position
 Body position
 Compression depth….1.5-2 inches
 Compression rate….30 compressions
in 20 seconds
 Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breaths

ADULT CPR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Check LOC
Call 911
Open airway, check for breathing
Give 2 slow breaths
Check for circulation and severe bleeding
Begin CPR by giving 30 compressions
Then give 2 slow breaths
Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2
breaths
After 1 minute, re-check the pulse for 5
seconds
Child CPR
 Hand
position-1 hand
 Body position
 Compression depth…1-1.5 inches
 Compression rate…5
compressions in 3 seconds
 Cycle…30 compressions: 2 breath
CHILD CPR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Check LOC
Call 911
Open airway and check for breathing
Give 2 slow breaths
Check for circulation and severe bleeding
Begin CPR by giving 30 compressions
Then give 2 breaths
Repeat cycles of 30 compressions and 2
breaths
After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 seconds
INFANT CPR
Hand position-nipple line, 2 fingers
 Body position
 Compression depth…1/2 to 1 inch
 Compression rate…5 compressions in
about 3 seconds
 Cycle…5 compressions: 1 breath

INFANT CPR
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Check LOC
Call 911
Open airway and check for breathing
Give 2 slow breaths
Check for circulation and severe bleeding
Begin CPR by giving 5 compressions
Then give 1 breath
Repeat cycles of 5 compressions and 1 breath
After 1 minute, recheck pulse for 5 seconds
When to stop CPR







A person with higher training takes over
EMS takes over
Person’s heart starts beating
The scene becomes unsafe
An AED is being used
If you are presented with a DNR order
If you are too exhausted to continue