Download Cardiac Emergencies

Cardiac Emergencies
Chapter 7
Cardiovascular Disease
Leading cause of death for men & woman
in the USA
 ~610,000 per year
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◦ That’s 1 in every 4 deaths
Cardiovascular Disease
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What puts you at higher risk?
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Diabetes
Overweight
Poor diet
Physical inactivity
Excessive alcohol use
Cardiovascular Disease
Condition that affects heart and blood
vessels
 Build up of plaque in the arteries
 This build up makes it difficult for blood
flow throughout the body
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How does it happen?
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Cholesterol
◦ Fatty substance made by the body and found in
certain foods
◦ Too much can cause fatty deposits on artery wall
restricting blood flow
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Atherosclerosis
◦ A condition in which fatty deposits build up on the
walls of arteries
Coronary Heart Disease
Most common
 Arteries that supply oxygen rich blood to
the heart muscles harden or narrow from
the build-up of fatty deposits
 The lack of oxygen causes muscles
around heart to die
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Cardiac Emergencies: Heart Attack
Blood flow to
some part of the
heart muscle is
compromised and
the heart begins
to die
 Heart will not be
able to circulate
blood effectively
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Heart Attack
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Angina Pectoris: chest pain
Heart Attack: Care
Send someone to call 9-1-1
 Have victim stop what they are doing and
rest
 Loosen any restrictive clothing
 Monitor victim closely until EMS arrives
 Be prepared to perform CPR or use
Automated External Defibrillators (AED)
if victim stops breathing
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Cardiac Emergencies: Cardiac
Arrest
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Condition in which the heart stops
beating
Cardiac Arrest
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Heart stops beating
Heart is beating too ineffectively to generate
a pulse
Causes:
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Cardiovascular disease
Drowning
Suffocation
Drugs
Severe chest injuries
Severe blood loss
Stroke or other types of brain damage
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CPR
 Cardio: Heart
 Pulmonary: Lungs
 CPR will artificially take over the function
of the lungs & heart

◦ Can keep oxygenated blood flowing to the
brain and other organs until advanced medical
care can be given
Increasing Chances of Survival
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Early recognition
◦ Calling 9-1-1 immediately
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Early CPR
◦ Keep oxygenated blood flowing
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Early defibrillation
◦ Electric shock that disrupts activity of the heart long
enough to allow heart to spontaneously develop
effective rhythm alone
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Early advanced medical care
◦ Getting victim to hospital quick
CPR: Adult
Showing no signs of life
 Check, Call, Care
 2 rescue breaths, 30 chest compressions
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Chest Compressions
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Kneel next to victim
Use fingers to locate victims breastbone & place heel of one hand
there
Place other hand directly on top
Use heel of hand to apply pressure
Chest Compressions
Keep arms straight & lock elbows
 Compress only 1.5-2 inches
 Keep movements smoother, maintain a
rhythm
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◦ “One and two and three and four…”
◦ Bee Gees “Staying Alive”
30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths
Children
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Infants
Locate proper hand
position; middle of chest
like an adult
Can use 1 hand technique
with 1 hand on chest, 1
hand on forehead to
maintain open airway
Compress 1.5 inches
30 compressions to 2
breaths
Imagine a line across the
chest between nipples
 Pad of 2-3 fingers on that
line; on sternum
 Compress ½-1 inch
 30 compressions to 2
breaths
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CPR
Children
Infant
CPR
When to STOP
Scene becomes unsafe
 Victim shows obvious signs of life
 AED is available and ready to use
 Another trained rescuer arrives and takes
over
 You are too exhausted to continue
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