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AGUSTINIANO CIUDAD SALITRE SCHOOL
NATURAL SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
SIXTH GRADE
MAKE UP WORKSHOP
NAME: _________________________________________________ COURSE: _____ DATE: _____________________________
ECOSYSTEM
Fill in the blanks using the word box:
trophic levels
food chain
environment abiotic interactions
components trophic interactions
producers consumers
decomposers
community
food webs
biotic
An ecosystem is a ____________________ of organisms interacting with each other and with their
____________________such that energy is exchanged and system-level processes, such as the cycling of elements,
emerges.
Ecosystems may be observed in many possible ways, so there is no one set of ____________________that make up
ecosystems. However, all ecosystems must include both ____________________ and ____________________
components, their ____________________, and some source of energy.
At a basic functional level, ecosystems generally contain primary ____________________ capable of harvesting energy
from the sun by photosynthesis and of using this energy to convert carbon dioxide and other inorganic chemicals into the
organic building blocks of life. ____________________ feed on this captured energy, and ____________________ not only
feed on this energy, but also break organic matter back into its inorganic constituents, which can be used again by
producers. These interactions among producers and the organisms that consume and decompose them are called
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and
are
composed
of
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____________________ in an energy pyramid, with most energy and mass in the primary producers at the base, and
higher levels of feeding on top of this, starting with primary consumers feeding on primary producers, secondary consumers
feeding on these, and so on. Trophic interactions are also described in more detailed form as a ____________________
____________________, which organizes specific organisms by their trophic distance from primary producers, and by
____________________ ____________________, which detail the feeding interactions among all organisms in an
ecosystem. Together, these processes of energy transfer and matter cycling are essential in determining ecosystem
structure and function and in defining the types of interactions between organisms and their environment. It must also be
noted that most ecosystems contain a wide diversity of species, and that this diversity should be considered part of
ecosystem structure.
Make a chart to list all the abiotic things, primary producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and
decomposers that are found in the simplified ecosystem above.
ABIOTIC THINGS
PRIMARY PRODUCERS
PRIMARY CONSUMERS
SECONDARY CONSUMERS
DECOMPOSERS
Remember that the biotic factors in an ecosystem could be organized in domains and kingdoms. Complete the
concept map about them. Use the names, the cell types, cell numbers and which are their names based on how
they can obtain the energy:
FOOD CHAINS
The feeding of one organism upon another in a sequence of food transfers is known as a food chain. Another definition is
the chain of transfer of energy (which typically comes from the sun) from one organism to another.
TROPHIC LEVELS
Trophic levels are the feeding position in a food chain such as primary producers, herbivore, primary carnivore, etc. Green
plants form the first trophic level, the producers. Herbivores form the second trophic level, while carnivores form the third
and even the fourth trophic levels.
Summarizing write the name of the trophic levels:
1.
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2.
____________________________________
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3.
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FOOD WEBS
In an ecosystem there are many different food chains and many of these are cross-linked to form a food web. Ultimately all
plants and animals in an ecosystem are part of this complex food web.
SOME TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS
Competition
Competition describes multiple organisms fighting for the same resources. Interspecies competition is competition between
different species; intraspecies competition is competition between organisms of the same species. The competition may or
may not involve active interference.
Parasitism
Parasitism is when one species (PARASITE) benefits from a second species (HOST) that is disadvantaged, but generally
not killed.
Mutualism
Mutualism is an interaction characterized by mutual benefit, so both species benefit from the relationship. Mutualism can
also be thought of as "mutual exploitation."
Commensalism
Commensalism describes a relationship in which one species benefits but the other is unaffected.
Predation
Predation describes one species, the predator, feeding on and typically killing another organism, the prey species.
Predators use various methods to capture prey, just as their prey use various methods to avoid capture.
Name the images and explain the reason of each relationship:
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