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के
य व यालय संगठन जयपुर संभाग
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN JAIPUR REGION
न बक
QUESTION BANK
क ा/CLASS X
व ान / SCIENCE
के
य व यालय
.1 बीकानेर
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO. 1 BIKANER
1
PATRON
DR JAIDEEP DAS
DEPUTY COMMISSIONER, KVS RO JAIPUR
PREPARED BY:
1. SH ALOK CHATURVEDI
PGT Physics
KV 1 BIKANER
2. SH S K SINGH
PGT Physics
KV 1 BIKANER
3. SMT SUSHILA YADAV
PGT Chemistry
KV 1 BIKANER
5. SH Y K SAINI
PGT Biology
KV 1 BIKANER
6. SH VIRENDER KUMAR
PGT Biology
KV 2 BIKANER
7. SH MANOJ KULHARI
TGT Science
KV 1 BIKANER
8. SMT MEENA JOSHI
TGT Science
KV 1 BIKANER
9. SH M K MIMANI
TGT Science
KV 2 BIKANER
4. SMT DEEPTI AWATRAMANI
PGT Chemistry
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
SH SARJEET SINGH
PRINCIPAL, K V 1 BIKANER
2
KV 1 BIKANER
INDEX
CHAPTER
TITLE
PAGE NO.
1
CHEMICAL REACTION & EQUATION
4
2
ACID, BASE & SALTS
7
3
METALS & NON METALS
10
4
CARBON & ITS COMPOUNDS
14
5
PERIODIC CLASIFICATION OF
19
ELEMENTS
6
LIFE PROCESSESS
24
7
CONTROL AND COORDINATION
26
8
HOW TO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE
28
9
HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
30
10
REFLECTION & REFRACTION OF
32
LIGHT
11
HUMAN EYE
42
12
ELECTRICITY
44
13
MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT
49
14
SOURCES OF ENERGY
53
15
OUR ENVIRONMENT
56
16
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
58
RESOURCES
17
PRACTICAL BASED MCQ TERM I
60
18
PRACTICAL BASED MCQ TERM II
73
3
CHAPTER I
CHEMICAL REACTION AND EQUATION
ONE MARK QUESTION
1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before it is burnt in air?
2. Why respiration is considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.
3. Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron
nail is dipped in it?
4. Write a balanced chemical equation for a photo decomposition reaction.
5. Define rancidity.
6. What would you observe when lead nitrate is heated.
7. What is a chemical equation?
8. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime water, it turns milky,
why?
9. What type of reaction is this:
Na2SO4 + BaCl2 -----------------àBaSO4 +2NaCl
10. Represent decomposition of ferrous sulphate with the help of balanced
chemical equation.
Two Mark Question
1. Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.
a. Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride
b. Barium
Chloride
+ Aluminium
+
Aluminium
Sulphate
→
Barium
Sulphate
Chloride.
c. Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen
2. Write
a
balanced
chemical
equation
with
state
symbols
for
the
following reactions.
a. Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to
give insoluble barium sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
b. Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid
solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water
4
3.
A solution of a substance ‘X’ is used for white washing.
a. Name the substance ‘X’ and write its formula
b. Write the reaction of the substance ‘X’ named in ‘a’ above with
water.
4. A zinc rod is left for nearly 20 minutes in a copper sulphate solution.
What change would you observe in zinc rod?
5.
Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron
nail is dipped in it?
6. Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are
reduced in the following reactions.
a. 4Na (s) + O2 (g) → 2Na2O (s)
b. CuO (s) + H2 (g) → Cu (s) + H2O (l)
7. Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
a. Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
b. Zinc + Silver nitrate → Zinc nitrate + Silver
8. Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the
type of reaction in each case.
a. Potassium bromide (aq) + Barium iodide (aq) → Potassium iodide
(aq) + Barium bromide(s)
b. Zinc carbonate (s) → Zinc oxide (s) + Carbon dioxide (g).
9. Why respiration is considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.
10.What do you understand by precipitation reaction? Explain with suitable
examples
11.What is lime-water test for the detection of carbon dioxide?
Three Mark Question
1. Write the following in the form of balanced chemical equations:a. Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating to form calcium oxide and
carbon – di – oxide.
b. When ammonium hydroxide is added to a solvent of iron (ll) Sulphate,
a green ppt of iron (ll) hydroxide and ammonium Sulphate are formed.
5
c. When a nail of iron is added to a solution of copper Sulphate, iron (ll)
Sulphate and copper metal are formed.
2. A chemical reaction which is both combination as well as exothermic, is
used by us for white washing purposes. Write the equation for the same.
3. Answer the following:
a. Why cannot a chemical change be normally reversed?
b. Why is it always essential to balance a chemical equation?
c. What happens when CO2 gas is passed through lime water and why
does it disappear on passing excess CO2?
4. Ahmad took a magnesium ribbon (cleaned) and burned it on a flame.
The white powder formed was taken in a test tube and water was added
to it. He then tested the solution formed with red and blue litmus paper.
What change was seen? Why?
5. A,B and C are three elements which undergo chemical reactions in the
following way
A2O3 + 2B
--------------.>
B2O3 + 2A
3CSO4 + 2B-----------à
B2(SO4)3 + 3C
3CO+ 2A-----------------à
A2O3 +3C
Answer the following (A) Which element is most reactive? (B) Which
element is least reactive ?
Five Mark Question
1. A water insoluble substance X on reacting with dilute H2SO4 released a
colourless and odourless gas accompanied by brisk effervescence. When
the gas was passed through water, the solution obtained turn blue litmus
red. On bubbling the gas through lime water, it initially became milky and
the milkiness disappeared when the gas was passed in excess. Identify
the substance X and write the chemical equations of the reaction
involved
6
2. Define following reaction with suitable examples---1 Displacement reaction
2. Decomposition reaction
3 Oxidation reaction
4. Reduction Reaction
5 Combination Reaction
3. What is corrosion? State the conditions necessary for rusting of iron.
How rusting is harmful? How can you prevent corrosion.
Hots Question
1. The marble statues often slowly get corroded when kept in open for a
long time. Assign a suitable explanation.
2.
We observe the change in our surroundings – Some are Physical
changes and some are Chemical changes.
Rusting of iron is a chemical
change. It feeds up iron metal and therefore we should protect it from
corrosion. Now answer the following questions:
(i) What is difference between Physical change and chemical change?
(ii) What is rusting of iron? Why should we protect it from rusting?
(iii)
What are the different methods of preventing rusting?
CHAPTER 2
ACID, BASE AND SALTS
ONE MARKS QUESTION
1. What is meant by water of crystallization?
2. Why should POP be stored in air tight containers?
3. Why does the flow of acid rain water into a river make the survival of
aquatic life in the river difficult?
4. Two solutions A & B have pH 2 and 6 respectively. Which is more
acidic?
7
5. There are two jars A and B containing food materials. Food in jar A is
pickled with acetic acid while B is not. Food of which jar will stale
first?
6. If soil is acidic which compound would you spread to treat the soil?
7. Write two observations you make when quick lime is added to water.
8. Why should water be never added drop wise to concentrated sulphuric
acid?
9. How will you test a gas which is liberated when hydrochloric acid
reacts with an active metal?
10.
How does turmeric change its colour in an alkaline medium?
TWO MARKS QUESTION
1. On keeping curd in a brass vessel for some time, it becomes bitter.
Why?
2. Why is HCl gas unable to change the colour of a dry blue litmus
paper? What happens if the litmus paper is moistened?
3. Explain the role of baking soda in baking powder.
4. How is gypsum different from plaster of paris chemically?
5. Why should POP be stored in air tight containers?
6. Write 2 uses of washing soda and baking soda.
7. What is chlor-alkali process?
8. From
(a)
the
Sodium
following,
chloride
pick
(b)
the
Sodium
acidic,
acetate
basic
(c)
or
neutral
Ammonium
salts:chloride
(d) Calcium carbonate (e) sodium carbonate
9. Why aqueous solution of sodium carbonate is basic in nature?
10.
Explain how pH change in the river water can endanger the lives
of aquatic animals
8
Three Marks Question
1. The oxide of a metal M was water soluble. When a blue litmus strip
was dipped in this solution, it did not undergo any change in colour.
Predict the nature of the oxide.
2. Why does bee-sting cause pain and irritation? What relief can be given
in such a case immediately?
3. Is the distilled water acidic/basic/neutral? How would you verify it?
4. Describe the process of neutralization with the help of an example.
5. Three liquids are given to you. One is hydrochloric acid; another is
sodium hydroxide and third is a sugar, how will you identify them? You
have only turmeric indicator.
6. What happens when :
a. Solid Sodium hydrogen carbonate is heated,
b. Chlorine gas is passed through dry slaked lime,
c. Gypsum is heated to a temperature of 373 K?
Five Marks Questions
1. Give
the
Names
of
Raw
Materials
that
are
required
for
the
manufacture of washing soda by Solvay process. Write the reactions
involved in the process.
2. Compounds such as alcohols and glucose also contain hydrogen but
are not categorized as acids. Describe an activity to prove it.
3. Question: Explain whya. Anhydrous calcium chloride is used in desiccators
b. If bottle full of concentrated H2SO4 is left open in the atmosphere
by accident, the acid starts flowing out the bottle of its own.
9
c. Equal lengths of magnesium ribbons are taken in test tubes A and
B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to test tube A, while acetic acid
(CH3COOH) is added to test tube B. Amount and concentration
taken for both the acids are same. In which test tube will the
fizzing occur more vigorously and why?
HOTS QUESTION
A road tanker carrying an acid was involved in an accident and its contents
spilled on the road. At the side of the road iron drain cover began melting
and fizzing as the acid ran over them. A specialist was called to see if the
acid actually leaked into the nearby river
(a) Explain why specialist could carry out sample test to see of the river
water contains some acid or not
(b) Suggest a better report name for the word ‘melting’
(c) Explain why the drain covers began fizzing as the acid ran over them.
VALUE BASED QUESTION
Farmers make use of pesticides to kill pets and fertilizer to enhance the
production of food grains. But this has bad effect not only on environment
but also it reduces the own fertility of the soil.
(i) What is the purpose of adding pesticides and fertilizer in the crop
field?
(ii) What is the harmful effect of excessive use of fertilizers in the crop
field?
(iii)
What value is neglected by the farmers?
10
CHAPTER 3
METALS AND NON-METALS
One Marks Question
1. Why sodium is kept immersed in kerosene oil?
2. Name the chemicals used in the acid fire extinguisher and the gas
evolved from it when used?
3. Name a metal which is both ductile as well as malleable.
4. Why copper metal cannot liberate hydrogen when reacting with dil.
HCl?
5. What is meant by ‘rusting’?
6. Why do ionic compounds have high melting points?
7. Name two metals which are found in nature in the Free State.
8. Give reasons :(i) Platinum, gold and silver are used to make jewellery.
9. From dilute hydrochloric acid zinc can liberate hydrogen gas but
copper cannot.
10.
Which metal is the best conductor of electricity?
TWO MARKS QUESTION
1. State two ways to prevent the rusting of iron.
2. Differentiate
between
roasting
and
calcination
processes
used
in
metallurgy. Give an example of each.
3. What is an alloy? Name the constituents of 22-carat gold. Why
24-carat is gold converted to 22-carat gold?
4. What is Galvanization? Write its use.
5. Define :- (i) Enrichment of Ores (ii) Gangue
6. Why do silver ornaments lose their shine when kept for some time?
7. Explain, why most of the metals do not displace hydrogen from Nitric
acid
8. State reasons for the following :
(i) Electric wires are covered with rubber like material.
(ii) From dilute hydrochloric acid zinc can liberate hydrogen gas but
copper cannot
11
9. How is an iron ore concentrated? Describe it briefly
10. What do you mean by concentration of ore. Write the methods of
concentration of ore.
3 MARKS QUESTION
1. Give reasons for the following observations:
(i) Ionic compounds in general have high melting and boiling points
(ii) Highly reactive metals cannot be obtained from their oxides by
heating them with carbon.
(iii) Copper vessels get a green coat when left exposed to air in the
rainy season.
2. Give reasons for the following:
(i) Metals are regarded as electropositive elements.
(ii) When a piece of copper metal is added to a solution of zinc
sulphate no change takes place, but the blue colour of copper sulphate
fades away when a piece of zincis placed in its solution.
3. Explain why:
(i) Iron sheets are coated with zinc.
(ii) We apply paint on iron articles.
(iii) The galvanized iron article is protected against rusting even if the
zinc layer is broken.
or
Write short notes on electrolytic refining of metals
4. Give equation for the following
(a) Iron is heated with steam.
(b) Magnesium reacts with water.
(c) Iron reacts with dil. HCl
5. Name one electrovalent compounds in each case in which ;
(i)One atom combines with one other atom
(ii)One atom combines with two other atoms
(iii)One atom combines with three other atoms
12
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Explain why:
(i) Conc. HNO3 can be stored in aluminium container.
(ii) Aluminium is used for making transmission wires.
(iii) 24 carat gold can not be used for making ornaments.
(iv) Aluminium is used for making cooking utensils.
(v) Metals generally do not form compounds with hydrogen.
2. Give reasons for the following observations:
(i) Ionic compounds in general have high melting and boiling points
(ii) Highly reactive metals cannot be obtained from their oxides by
heating them with carbon.
(iii) Copper vessels get a green coat when left exposed to air in the
rainy season.
(iv) Ionic compounds are bad conductor in solid state.
(v)
Ionic compounds are soluble in polar solvents .
3. Explain how the following metals are obtained from their compounds by
the reaction process:
(i) Metal ‘X’ , which is low in reactivity series.
(ii) Metal ‘Y’, which is middle in reactivity series.
(iii) Metal ‘Z’ which is high up in the reactivity series
HOTS
1. A non-metal A which is the largest constituent of air, when heated with
H2 in 1:3 ratio in the presence of catalyst (Fe) gives a gas B. On
heating with O2 it gives an oxide C. If this oxide is passed into water
in the presence ofair it gives an acid D which acts as a strong
oxidizing agent (a) Identify A, B, C and D
(b) To which group of the periodic table does this non-metal belong?
13
VALUE BASED QUESTION:
Rakshita went to jewellery shop to buy jewellery. The jeweler showed her
jewellery of 22 carat. She asked the jeweler whether the jewellery was
made 100% of gold. But the jeweler refused and told her that some silver is
added to pure gold for making ornaments. Now answer the following
questions:
(i) What do you mean by 22 carat gold?
(ii) Why pure gold is not used in making ornaments?
(iii)
What kind of qualities is shown by the jeweler?
CHAPTER 4
CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Why is carbon tetravalent?
2. What is the valency of carbon in CH3-CH3, CH2=CH2
3. Out of butter and ground nut oil , which is unsaturated in Nature?
4. Why is high temperature not favourable for alcoholic fermentation?
5. What is the difference in the molecular mass of any two adjacent
homologues?
6. Which ions are responsible for making water hard ?
7. Which gas is evolved when sodium carbonate or bicarbonate is added
to ethanoic acid ?
8. What is SCUM ?
9. What are hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts in soaps?
10. What happen when a piece of sodium metal added to Ethanol?
or
Why Acetic acid is called glacier acid?
14
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Why carbon form covalent bond by sharing electron?
2. Compare the different physical and chemical properties of diamond and
graphite?
3. Draw the electron dot structure of ethane, ethane
4. Calculate the difference in the molecular formulae and molecular
masses for:
CH3OH and C2H5OH;
C2H5OH and C3H7OH
C3H7OH and C4H9OH
5. Out of ketonic & Aldehydic groups , which is the terminal functional
group?
6. A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is used for welding . Can
you tell
why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
7. Which of the following hydrocarbons will give addition reaction ?
C2H6 , C3H8 , C3H4 , C2H4
8. A mixture of ethyne and oxygen is used for welding. Can you justify
why a mixture of ethyne and
air
is
not-used?
9. A brisk effervescence is produced when a piece of sodium metal is
added to ethanol.
(a)
Write
the
chemical
equation
for
reaction
(b) Name the gas evolved. How will you test this gas?
10. An organic compound X is an essential constituent of wine and beer.
Oxidation of X yields an organic acid Y which is present in vinegar.
Name the compounds X and Y. Also write their formulae.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
1. How many structural isomers are possible for pentane? Draw the
structural formulae of all the possible isomers of pentane
2. A compound X has molecular formula C4H10.It undergoes substitution
reaction more readily than addition reaction. It burns with blue flame
and is present in LPG. Identify ‘X’ and give the balanced equation for
its combustion and substitution reaction with Cl2 in the presence of
sunlight.
15
3. Three bottles without labels contain alcohol, ethanoic acid and soap
solution separately how will you test which bottle contains what.
4. Give reason:
(i) Why is ethanol used as a fuel?
(ii) Why is the conversion of ethanol into Ethanoic acid an oxidation
reaction?
(iii) Why, methanol is much more dangerous to drink than ethanol?
5. Write the IUPC Name of and fuctional group of ---CH3CH2 CHO,
CH3CH2OH, CH3COCH 2CH3
FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS
1. (a)Write the electron dot structure of --CO2,
(b)
S8,
CCL4
Define Catenation and Homologous series.
2. Give a test to distinguish between:
a) Ethane and Ethene
b) Ethanol with Ethanoic acid.
c) Soaps and detergents
3. Explain the cleaning action of soaps.
HOTS
1. An organic compound A is widely used as a preservative in pickles and
has a molecular formula C2H4O2. This compound reacts with ethanol to form
a sweet smelling compound B.
i) Identify the compound A.
ii) Write the chemical equation for its reaction with Ethanol to form
compound B.
iii) How can we get compound A back from B?
iv) Name the process and write corresponding chemical equation.
v) Which gas is produced when compound A reacts with washing
soda? Write the chemical equation
16
VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
Ajay observed that the cooking vessels in his house are blackened. He
asked his mother to check the air holes of the kerosene/gas stove.
CONTEXTUAL QUESTION:
1. Why are the vessels getting blackened?
2.
How can you rectify this?
VALUE BASED QUESTION:
What two values Ajay has in his mind ?
Value Points:
1. Responsible Behaviour
2. Observation skill
3. Social concern
4. Using knowledge for practical use
M.C.Q
1. In a saponification reaction, along with soap following substance is also
formed :
(a)Glucose (b) Glycol (c) Glycerol (d) Gelatine
2 . The last step during preparation of soap is to pour the mixture of oil
and sodium hydroxide in aqueous solution of
sodium chloride. This helps
to:
(a) Precipitate the soap
(b) neutralize the soap
(c) enhance the foaming capacity of soap
(d) make the soap soft
3. Name of the salt from the following which makes the water hard is :
(a) calcium hydrogen carbonate
(b) potassium chloride
(c) sodium carbonate
(d) sodium bicarbonate
17
MCQ MULTIPLE TYPE QUESTIONS
1. Which of the following is not a saturated hydrocarbon?
i. Cyclohexane.
iii) butane
ii) benzene.
iv) isobutene
2. The bond between two identical non matalic atom has a pair of electron?
i) Un equally shared between two atoms.
ii) transferd completely from one atom to another.
iii) With identical spins
iv) Equally shared between them.
3. Covalent compounds are genarily
i) Soluble in water
ii) Insoluble in water
iii) ionize in water
iv) hydrolyse in water
4. Propane with the molecular formula C3H8 has
i) 7covalent bonds
ii) 8 covalent bonds
iii) 9 covalent bonds
iv) Alcohol
5. A hydrocarbon reacts with ammonical cuprons chloride Solution to form a
red pricipate .The hydrocarbon is
i)ethane
ii)ethane
iii)2-pentyne
iv)1-propyne
6.Which of the following substance is added to denature Ethanol?
i) Methanol
ii) Pyricline
iii) Copper sulphate
iv) All of them
7. Which of the following is not an allotropic form of carbon
i) Fluronie
ii) Fullerence
iii) Diamond
iv) Graphite
18
8. Detergents are sodium or potassium salts of long chain of ;i) Aldehydes
ii) Ketones
iii) Carboxylic acid
iv) Sulphonic acid
9. Which of the following represents the correct increasing order Of
unsaturated carbon ?
i)alkanes , alkenes , alkynes
ii)alkanes , alkaynes , alkenes
iii)alkenes , alkynes , alkanes
iv)alkynes , alkanes , alkenes
10. In double covalent bond there is sharing of
i) 2 electrons
ii) 4 electrons
iii) 6electrons
iv) 3 electrons
CHAPTER 5
PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
ONE MARKS QUESTION
1.
Arrange the following is descending atomic size Na, Mg, K (1)
2.
State "Newlands law of Octaves" for classification of elements.
3.
Name the fundamental property used by Mendeleev as the basis of
classification.
4.
Alkali metals form positive ions why?
5.
What was the prediction of Mendeleev regarding the gaps in his
periodic table?
6.
Are the properties of elements placed in a group same?
7.
What will be the valence of an element having atomic number 16?
8.
Why inert gases have zero valences?
9.
Name the scientist who proposed modern periodic law? On which
fundamental property of elements it is based?
10. Why is silicon classified as metalloids.
19
2 MARKS QUESTION
1. An
element
has
electronic configuration 2,
8,
3.
What
is
the
atomic number of this element? To which (i) group and (ii) period this
element belong?
2. Why could no fixed position be given to hydrogen in Mendeleev’s
Periodic table?
3. In group 1 of periodic table three elements X, Y and Z have atomic
radii 133 pm , 95pm and 65pm respectively giving a reason, arrange
them in the increasing order of their atomic number in
the group.
4. In modern periodic table, the isotopes of Chlorine Cl-35 and Cl-37
having different atomic
5. masses will be kept in different slots or they would be assigned same
position on the basis of their chemical properties? Give reason Nitrogen
(At no. 7) and Phosphorus (At no. 15) belong to group 15 of the
periodic table:-
i. Write the electronic configuration of the two.
ii. Predict whether they are metallic or nonmetallic in nature.
6. A metal M forms an oxide having the formula M2O3. It belongs to the
third period and thirteenth group of the Modern periodic table. Write the
atomic number and valency of the element.
7. Write the Merits and demerits of Mendeleev’s periodic table.
8. An element X (2, 8, 2) combines separately with NO3
–
and SO42- and
PO43- radicals. Write the formulae of the three compounds so formed.
9. Though the atomic mass of cobalt (58.9) is greater than nickel (58.7)
yet Co is placed before Ni in Mendeleev’s periodic table. Why?
10. How metallic and non metallic character does varies in a period and
group.
20
3 MARKS QUESTIONS [ 3 X 5 = 15 ]
1. An element X belongs to group 17 and third period of the periodic
table.
a. Write electronic configuration of the element. What is its valency?
b. Predict its nature, whether it is a metal or non-metal.
c. Give the formula of the compound formed when it combines with
an element Y having valency three.
2. Three
elements
A,
B
and
C
have
atomic number 7,
8
and
9
respectively.
a. What would be
their positions in the Modern
Periodic Table
(Mention group and period both)?
b. Arrange A, B and C in the decreasing order of their size.
c. Which one of the three elements is most reactive and why?
3. (a)
The
elements
atomic number in
of
the
parenthesis
second
are
period
along
given
with
below
their
:
B (5), Be (4), O (8), N (7), Li (3), C (6), F (9)
i. Arrange them in the same order as they are in the periodic table.
ii. Which element has the (i) largest (ii) smallest atom?
(b) Why does the atomic radius change as we move from left to right in
a period?
4. A quiz contest was being held in the school for chemistry students.
The quiz-master said:
An element has the electronic configuration 2, 8, 7.
(a) What is the atomic number of this element?
(b) Which of the elements N, F, P and Ar shows similarity with this
element?
(c) We daily use a compound of this element in our food. What is
that?
(d) A compound of this element causes hardness of water. What is
that?
21
5. Four elements P, Q, R and S belong to the third period of the
Modern Periodic Table and have respectively 1, 3, 5 and 7 electrons
in their outermost shells.
Write the electronic configurations of Q and R and determine their
valences.
Write the molecular formula of the compound formed when P and S
combine.
FIVE MARKS QUESTIION
1. A part of the periodic table has been shown below :
Group
→
1
2
2
A
C
3
B
13
14
15
16
17
18
E
G
Period ↓
1
D
F
Answer the following questions on the basis of position of elements in the
above table.
(a) Which element is a noble gas? Give reason.
(b) Which element is most electronegative? Give reason.
(c) Write the electronic configuration of (i) B and (ii) E.
(d) What is the formula of halide formed by element C
(e) What will be the formula and nature of oxide form by A.
2. What are electron affinity and ionization energy? How they are vary in
group and periods in modern periodic table?
OR,
Two elements ‘A’ and ‘B’ belong to group 1 and 2 respectively in the same
period. Compare them with respect to :–
(a) Number of valence electrons (b) Valency (c) Metallic character
(d) Size of atom (e) Formulae of their oxides.
22
3. Answer the following questions :
(i) Name an element with five electrons in the outer shell.
(ii) Name an element which tends to lose two electrons.
(iii) Name an element that would tend to gain two electrons.
(iv) Name the group having a non metal liquid as well as non metal
gas at room temperature.
(v) Name the group having element with zero valency
HOTS
39. From the table answer the following questions:–
(a) Write the formulae of chloride of A.
(b) What is the electronic configuration of ‘S’?
(c) Name the noble gas.
(d) Write the formula of compound which carbon forms with G.
(e) What name is given to the family of group 17 element
VALUE BASED QUESTION
01. Mendeleev left some gaps in his periodic table and predicted the
discovery of new elements. Even though it was a drawback he boldly
presented his table.
23
CONTEXTUAL QUESTION :
What is your view about Mendeleev’s decision? 1
VALUE BASED QUESTION :
List any two values learnt from Mendeleev‘s decision 1
Value Points
1. Self - confidence
2. Courage to face situations.
CHAPTER 6
LIFE PROCESSESS
Very short answer type question (1 mark)
1. Which enzyme is present in saliva that breaks down starch?
2. What makes the red blood cell look red?
3. Name two conducting element in xylem.
4. Which process is mainly responsible for the transportation of water and
dissolved minerals in tall trees?
5. What protects the trachea from being collapsed when there is no air in
it?
6. What are outside raw materials used for maintaining life by an
organism?
7. What is the role of acid in our stomach?
8. What is called as energy currency for most cellular processes?
9. What should be the ideal blood pressure for a healthy adult man?
10. Name the term used for the transport of food from leaves to other
parts of plant.
Short answer type question-I (2 marks)
1. What is peristalsis?
What is its significance?
2. What do you mean by holozoic organisms? Give examples also.
3. Differentiate between artery and vein.
24
4. How do guard cells regulate opening and closing of stomata?
5. Why is the rate of breathing in aquatic organisms much faster than in
terrestrial organisms?
6. How are fat digested in our bodies? Where does this process take
place?
7. What would be the consequences of deficiency of hemoglobin in our
body?
8. How is amount of urine regulated?
9. What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
10. Draw a well labeled diagram of human respiratory system.
Short answer type question-II (3 marks)
1. State the major events that occur during photosynthesis?
2. What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidized to provide
energy in various organisms?
3. Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?
4. What is the difference between the transport of materials in xylem and
phloem?
5. Draw a well labeled diagram of excretory system in humans.
Long answer type question (5 marks)
1. Describe the structure and functioning of nephron.
2. Draw the labeled diagram of alimentary canal in humans. Explain the
functions
of
enzymes
released
by
gastric
glands,
diagram
of
human
heart.
pancreas
and
intestinal glands.
3. Draw
a
well
labeled
What
are
the
components of blood?
Value based question
1. Most of the children love junk food. Why children are often advised to
avoid junk food?
25
2. Deposition of cholesterol on the wall of arteries makes their lumen
narrow. What may be the consequences of narrowing of the lumen of
the arteries?
CHAPTER 7
CONTROL & COORDINATION
Very short answer type question (1 mark)
1. Mention one example of chemotropism.
2. What is synapse?
3. Name the hormone, the secretion of which is responsible for dramatic
change in appearance in girls when they approach 10-12 years of age.
4. What will happen when plant is exposed to unidirectional light?
5. What is the role of Medulla?
6. What part of brain contains the hunger centre?
7. Name the gland which produces growth hormone.
8. Which part of brain maintains posture and balance of the body?
9. In what form stimuli are received by olfactory receptors?
10. Which plant hormone is responsible for the wilting and falling of
leaves?
Short answer type question-I (2 marks)
1. Draw the diagram of a nerve cell and label the parts.
2. How does our body maintain blood sugar level?
3. Differentiate between tropic and mastic movements in plants. Give one
example of each.
4. What is reflex action? Describe the steps involved in reflex action.
5. What
is
‘hydrotropism’?
Describe
an
experiment
‘hydrotropism’?
6. Why adrenaline is called emergency hormone?
7. What happens at the synapse between two neurons?
8. Draw a labeled diagram of reflex arc.
26
to
demonstrate
9. A particular hormone requires iodine for its synthesis. Name the
endocrine gland which secretes this hormone and state its location in
human body.
10. How does chemical coordination occur in plants?
Short answer type question-II (3 mark)
1. How are involuntary actions and reflex action different from each
other?
2. What is the difference between reflex and walking?
3. In tabular form write names of three important endocrine glands of our
body. Also write the name of hormone released by them.
4. Answer the following:i) Name the endocrine gland associated with brain.
ii) Which gland secretes digestive enzyme as well as hormone?
iii) Name the endocrine gland associated with kidney.
5. What are the major parts of the brain? Mention the function of different
parts.
Long answer type question (5 marks)
1. Name the various plant hormones. Give their physiological effect on
plant growth and development.
2. What are cranial and spinal nerves?
3. Draw a diagram of the human brain and label the following parts
(i) cerebrum (ii) ménages
(iii) medulla oblongata
(iv)
cerebellum
Value based question
1. A young boy met an accident while riding a bike. Patrolling police
found the boy and brought him to a hospital for treatment. After the
accident, the boy lost his memory completely. Left side of his body
also suffered from paralysis.
a) What values were shown by police persons?
b) Which injured body part can cause paralysis?
c) What precaution should one take while riding a two-wheeler?
27
2. Rajan always used to keep a ripe banana or guava with raw fruits
for quick ripening. Similarly, you might have seen people keeping
raw mango or raw papaya in a container of grains. What promotes
the ripening of fruits in examples given here?
CHAPTER 8
HOW TO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE
Very Short Answer Type Questions (ONE MARK)
1. How does binary fission in Amoeba differ from binary fission in Leis
mania?
2. Name the organism that reproduces asexually through fragmentation.
3. Name any two viral diseases that are transmitted sexually.
4. Define cross pollination.
5. Why is vegetative propagation practiced for growing some types of
plants?
6. Name the male reproductive part of a flower.
7. Give any two methods of contraception.
8. Name the hormones secreted by human ovaries.
9. Which structure is responsible for supply of nutrition to the developing
embryo?
10.
Which structure is formed from ovule after fertilization?
Short Answer Type Questions (TWO MARKS)
1. What is regeneration? How is it different from reproduction?
2. Explain budding in yeast in brief. Draw necessary diagrams.
3. Why is DNA copying an essential part of the process of reproduction?
4. Draw a diagram to show germination of pollen tube and fertilization.
5. Can higher organisms reproduce by using the methods like binary
fission and fragmentation? Justify you answer.
6. What is tubectomy? Explain in brief.
7. Define menopause?
28
8. Why does sexual maturation take place after the general body growth
is completed?
9. What do you mean unisexual and bisexual flowers? Give two examples
of each type of flower.
10.
What is the role of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland?
Short Answer Type Questions (THREE MARKS):
1. Write any three secondary sexual changes that are common in boys
and girls.
2. Mahima, a student of class X came to know that one of her class
mates Shagun is forced to get married. She made of complaint
against this marriage and got it stopped? Why do you think that
Mahima’s decision is correct? Why should a girl not be married in
early age? Give reason to support your answer. What qualities does
Mahima show?
3. Write any three advantages of vegetative propagation.
4. How variation gets speeded up by sexual mode of reproduction?
5. Give any three methods of contraception. Write one limit of each
method.
Descriptive Type Questions (FIVE MARKS):
1. Observe the following diagram and identify the Parts A, B, C and D.
Write one function of each part A, B and C.
29
2. What happens to the egg if it (a) is fertilized and (b) is not fertilized?
What changes take place in the uterine wall for the implantation of the
embryo?
3. Draw the labeled diagram of cross section of a flower. Describe the
method of fertilization in flowering plants.
CHAPTER 9
HEREDITY AND EVOLUTION
Very Short Answer Type Questions (ONE MARK):
1. A tall plant (TT) is crossed with dwarf plant (tt) and it is seen that all
the plants of F1 generation are tall. Give reason for such result.
2. Name any one organism of which sex is determined by environment.
3. Give reason why acquired characters are not inherited.
4. Which of the following plants will not give rise to short plant: TT, Tt or
tt?
5. What is the ratio of tall and short plants in F2 generation in
monohybrid cross between pure tall and short plant.
6. Define fossils.
7. How were the feathers useful for dinosaurs?
8. What do you mean natural selection?
9. Give one example of homologous organs.
10. Write down Mendel’s dihybrid ratio for phenotypes.
Short Answer Type Questions (TWO MARKS):
1. How does the creation of variations in a species promote survival?
2. What factors could lead to the rise of a new species?
3. How does the depth of the fossils give evolutionary idea?
4. Differentiate between dominant and recessive traits.
5. How is amount of genetic material maintained in species?
30
6. Give proof (any two) that the common ancestor of a monkey and a cat
are more recent than the common ancestor of monkey and cockroach.
7. A person becomes a good player of football by doing a lot of practice.
Is it sure that this ability will pass to his son also? Give reason.
8. What is meant by speciation?
9. Why is small number of surviving tigers a cause of worry from the
point of view of genetics?
10. What is genetic drift?
1.
Short Answer Type Questions (THREE MARKS):
Explain the sex determination in human being with help of a flow
chart.
2.
3.
How do the homologous organs give idea of steps of evolution?
Give at least two examples of such organs.
Observe the following diagram and answer the questions that follow:
(i)
Why does the colour of some beetles change to red in first stage?
(ii)
Why the population of the green coloured does beetles increase
more than that of red ones.
(iii) Write the caption for such method of evolution suggested by
4.
Darwin.
Write
conclusions
for
the
following
observations
of
Mendel’s
experiments:
(i)
The short plants appear again in the F2 generation in monohybrid
cross between tall and dwarf plant.
(ii)
In genotype (RrYy), the phenotype of the seeds is round and
yellow. Why don’t they exhibit the character of being wrinkled and
green?
31
(iii) A new combination different from the parent plants appear in
dihybrid cross.
5.
What are fossils? What do they tell us about the process of
evolution?
Descriptive Type Questions (FIVE MARKS)
1. Explain with the help of diagram Mendel’s monohybrid cross.
2. Meghna observes that her aunt is taunted by her grandma occasionally
because she is having two girl babies only and not any son. One day
she explains her grandma that girl children should not be under
estimated. And she explains also that there is no role of woman in
sex determination of a baby.
(i) What values does Meghna exhibit in this story?
(ii) Discuss how a woman plays no role in sex determination of a baby.
3. What do you mean by inherited and acquired characters? Give two
examples of each type of the character. Which of these characters
get inherited to the next generation and why?
************************
CHAPTER 10
REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF LIGHT
REFLECTION OF LIGHT
One Mark Questions
1. A ray of red light incident parallel to principal axis of a concave mirror is
conversed at point F. How this point will shift if we use green light instead
of red ?
Define 1) Regular reflection. & 2) Diffused reflection.
1. Define principal axis of a spherical mirror.
2. What is the focal length of a plane mirror?
32
3. A point source of light is placed in front of two plane mirrors which
are kept perpendicular to each other. How many numbers of images
of point source are formed.
( HOTS
)
4. What is the magnification produced by a plane mirror?
5. Which mirror would you use for shaving?
6. Suppose x and y are distances of object and image respectively
from a mirror. What shall be the shape of the graph between
1
y
for a concave mirror?
1
x
and
(HOTS)
7. An object is placed between two plane parallel mirrors. Why do the
distant images get fainter and fainter?
(HOTS)
8. Why mirrors used in search light are parabolic and not concave
spherical?
Two Marks Questions
1. You read a newspaper because of the light that it reflects. Then
why do you not see even a faint image of yourself in the
newspaper?
2. If you were driving a car, what type of mirror would you prefer to
use for observing traffic at your back and why?
3. We known that plane and convex mirrors produce virtual images of
objects. Can they produce real images under some circumstances?
Explain .
4. The wall of a room is covered with perfect plane mirror. Two movie
films are made, one recording the movement of a man and the
other of his mirror image. From viewing the films later, can an
outsider tell which is which?
(HOTS)
5. A concave mirror is held in water. What would be the change in the
focal length of the mirror and why ?
6. What is the difference between the virtual images produced by (i)
plane mirror, (ii) concave mirror, (iii) convex mirror?
33
7. Show that if a ray of light is reflected successively from two mirrors
inclined at an angle α , the deviation of the ray does not depend
upon the angle of incidence.
(HOTS)
8. In what way image of an object placed in front a concave mirror
would change if 1) colour of the object is changed.
2)
medium
surrounding the mirror is changed . Explain the reason .
9. Why a concave mirror of small aperture forms a sharper image?
10. We know that a virtual
image cannot be obtained on a screen. But
when we see a virtual image, we are obviously bringing it on the
retina (may be regarded as a screen) of the eye. Point out the
contradiction, if any.
Three
Marks Questions
1. Show analytically that an object placed between the pole and focus
of a concave mirror produces a virtual and enlarged image.
2.
a. What do you understand by the term ‘parallax’?
b. What is the effect of size of mirror on the nature of image ?
c. How
can
you
distinguish
between
CONVEX
&
CONCAVE
mirrors just by looking at them?
3.
a. Is irregular reflection follows the laws of reflections or not ?
b. Prove that the radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is equal
to twice the focal length of the mirror.
4.
a. An object is placed in front of a plane mirror. If the mirror is
moved away from the object through a distance x, by how much
distance will the
real image move? Explain the reason for your
answer . (HOTS)
34
b. A concave mirror is made up by cutting a portion of a hollow
glass sphere of radius 30 cm. Calculate the focal length of the
mirror ?
5.
a. What is meant by power of a mirror ? What is one dioptre ?
how it related with focal length?
b. what do mean by positive power & negative power ?
Five
Marks Questions
1. Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of an object
placed between the pole and centre of curvature of a concave
mirror. write the formula connecting object distance (u), image
distance (v) and focal length (f) for this particular case for the given
concave mirror. State clearly the assumptions and sign conventions
used.
2.
a. Express magnification produced by a spherical mirror in terms of
i. u and f
ii. v and f.
b. Express this formulae
1.
in the following cases :
concave mirror, when image formed is
a. real
b. virtual
2.
what is the value of magnification produced by
(a) convex mirror (b) plane mirror.
3.
a. State
laws
of reflection.
b. Discuss & show
reflection of light at
1. convex mirror
2. concave mirror
3. plane mirror .
35
Numericals
1. An insect is at a distance of 1.5m from a plane mirror. Calculate the
following?
i. Distance at which the image of the insect is formed.
ii. distance between the insect and its image.
2. An object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a concave mirror of
focal length 10 cm. Find the position of the image.
3. A 1.4 cm long object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a
convex mirror of focal length 15 cm at a distance of 10 cm from it.
Calculate the following :
i.
location of the image
ii.
height of the image
iii.
nature of the image
4. An object is placed at a distance of 40 cm from a convex mirror of
focal length 30 cm. Find the position of image and its nature.
5. A
3
cm
high
object
is
placed
at
a
distance
of
30 cm from a concave mirror. A real image is formed 60 cm from the
mirror. Calculate the focal length of the mirror and the size of the
image.
6. A 1 cm high object is placed at 20 cm in front of a concave mirror of
focal length 15 cm. Find the position and nature of the image.
7. An object 4 cm high is placed 25 cm in front of a concave mirror of
focal length 15 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen
be placed in order to obtain a sharp image? Find the nature and size
of image.
8. An object 5 cm high is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 30 cm. Find the position, nature and size
of image.
9. A convex mirror used on a automobile has 3 m radius of curvature. If
a bus is located 5 m from this mirror, find the position, nature and
size of image.
36
Value Based Question.
1. Rahul was driving a car and suddenly became aware of a loud
sound
from behind. He looked through his rear-view mirror and saw
an
ambulance. He recalled reading that such emergency vehicles often
have their name written in the mirror . He quickly made way for the
ambulance, murmuring a quick prayer for the speedy recovery of the
patient inside the ambulance.
i) What type of mirror is as a rear view mirror and why?
ii) what values did Rahul exhibit ?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
REFRACTION OF LIGHT
One Mark Questions
1. What is the maximum value angle of refraction when a ray of light is
refracted from glass into air ?
2. What should be the position of an object relative to biconvex lens so
that this lens behaves like a magnifying glass?
3. Can the absolute refractive index of a medium be less than unity?
4. To a fish under water viewing obliquely a fisherman standing on the
bank of a lake, does the man look taller or shorter than what actually
he is?
5. Does the apparent depth of a tank of water change if viewed
obliquely? If so, does the apparent depth increase or decrease?
6. A substance has critical angle of 45° for yellow light. What is its
refractive index? (HOTS)
7. What is critical angle for a material of refractive index
2
?
8. A ray of light is incident normally on a glass slab. What is the angle
of refraction?
9. What is the power of the combination of a convex lens and a concave
lens of the same focal length?
(HOTS)
10. How is power of a lens related to its focal length?
37
Two Marks Questions
1. Define critical angle for total internal reflection. Give a formula relating
it with refracting index of the medium .
2. Explain why stars twinkle but planets do not twinkle..
3. For the same angle of incidence, the angles of refraction in media P,
Q and R are 35°, 25°,15° respectively, In which medium will the
velocity of light be minimum ? Explain . (HOTS)
4. Define focus and principal focus of a lens.
5. What do you mean by dispersion of light? Draw a diagram showing
refraction of white light through a glass prism .
6. A convex lens is held in water. What would be the change in its focal
length & nature of image formed by it ?
7. Why goggles (Sun glasses) have zero power even though their
surfaces are curved?
8. The lens shown in fig. is made of two different materials. A point
objects is placed on the principal axis of this lens. How many images
will be obtained?
9.
(HOTS)
Refer to fig. (a), (b) and (c). Give relationship between
µ2 in each case.
m1
m2
m2
(a)
10.
m1
1 and
m1
m2
(b)
(c)
Images formed by totally reflected light are brighter than the
images formed by ordinary reflected light. why ?
38
(HOTS)
Three Marks Questions
1.
Can
light travelling
from
air to glass suffer total internal
reflection? Justify your answer.
Explain how a rainbow is formed ?
2.
What are the five general features of the image formed by a
lens ? Explain using a ray diagram .
3.
1)
What is total internal reflection ? How is critical angle related to
refractive index ?
2)
Explain why sun appears two min earlier than actual sun rise ?
4.
1)
What do you understand by the term ‘parallax’?
2)
What is the effect of size of lens on the nature of image ?
3)
How can
you
distinguish between
CONVEX & CONCAVE
lenses just by looking at them?
5.
i.
What is meant by power of a lens ? What is one dioptre ? how it
is related with focal length?
ii.
1.
what do you mean by positive power & negative power of a lens ?
Five Marks Questions
1)
Express magnification produced by a lens in terms
of
(i) u and f
(ii) v and f.
2) Express this formulae
in
case of convex lens
When image formed is
(a) Real, (b) virtual
What is the value of magnification produced by a concave lens?
39
2.
i.
State Snell’s law of refraction.
ii.
Discuss & show
refraction of light at through
(i) convex lens
3.
(ii) concave lens
& (iii) glass prism
Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image of an
object placed between the F and 2F of a convex lens .write the
formula connecting object distance (u), image distance (v) and focal
length (f) for this particular case for the given convex lens
. State
clearly the assumptions and sign conventions used.
Numericals
1.
The speed of light in air is 3 × 108 m/s. Calculate the speed
of light in glass given that the refractive index of glass is 1.5.
2.
The refractive index of water with respect to air is 4/3.
Calculate the refractive index of air with
respect to water.
3.
Focal length of a convex lens is 50 cm. Calculate its power.
4.
A point object is placed at a distance of 12 cm from a convex
lens on its principal axis. Its image is formed 18 cm from the lens on
the other side. Calculate the focal length of the lens.
5.
An object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a concave
lens on its principal axis. If the focal length of the lens is 20 cm, find
the position of the image.
6.
An illuminated slit is kept at a distance of 40 cm in front of a
convex lens of focal length 15 cm. Find the position of the screen to
obtain the image
Value Based Questions.
1. Nitin wanted to buy a gift for his sister and so entered a gift shop.
The gift shop had many glass items. On looking closely, he found
many of the beverage glasses used for cool drinks had big thick glass
walls.
He decided not to buy these glasses because As a physics
student he knew that, light rays from inside the glass bend away from
40
the normal and appear to diverge, this gives a false impression that
there is more amount of liquid inside the glass.
a. Why are the beverage glasses made with very thick glass walls?
Which physical quantity remains constant when light travels from one
medium to another?
b. What values can you associate with Nitin’s decision?
2. Mr. Viswanthan a retired professor of physics was walking with his
grandson. It was last week of December and so it was dark around
5.30pm.The street lights were on and the yellow light flooded the area
around. The boy asked professor why yellow lights were used when
white light were brighter. The professor answered that during foggy
days the tiny droplets of water act as prisms splitting white
light into
its constituent colours and thus reducing the clarity.
1) What phenomena was the professor referring to? Why does it happen?
2) Give one application of prism.
3) What values of the boy reflect from the conversation?
3. Satish complained of a severe stomach pain and started crying. His
elder brother consoled him and took him to a gastroenterologist. The
doctor advised for an endoscopy and asked him to come the next day
on anempty stomach. Satish was not for the test as he was afraid.
However his elder brother a medical student explained the need for
the test and told him it was not a painful experience. He further
explained that a tube containing a fine glass fibre would be inserted
through the food pipe and light through this pipe would allow the
doctor to examine the inside of the stomach. The test was done and
satish felt okay after taking medicine for two days.
1) What is the working principle of the glass fibre in the endoscope?
2) What are the conditions for the light to travel along the pipe?
3) What values of Satish’s brother impress you?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
41
CHAPTER 11
HUMAN EYE
One Mark Questions
1.
What is
range of vision of a normal eye.
2.
Define the magnitude of the least distance of distinct vision.
3.
Explain the magnitude of near point and far point of a normal eye.
4.
Name four common defects of the eye.
5.
What
kind
of
lens
a
person
suffering
from
both
myopia
and
hypermetropia should use?
6.
A child sitting in a classroom on the back seat is not able to view
what is written on blackboard. What defect of vision does he suffer
from? What types of lens should be provided to him to correct the
7.
defect?
The spectacles of a person have concave lenses. Which defect of
vision is he suffering from?
8.
Which defect of vision is corrected by using cylindrical lens?
9.
Which type of retinal cells respond to the intensity of light?
10.
Which type of retinal cells respond to colours?
Two Marks Question
11.
How does a normal eye view near as well as distant objects clearly?
12.
How does the human eye adjust itself to varying intensities of light?
13.
When we enter a cinema hall from bright sunshine, we cannot see
our surroundings. Explain why.
14.
How do we see colours ?
15.
What is meant by colour blindness? What kind of retinal cells are
lacking in a person suffering from this defect?
16.
What is astigmatism? How is it corrected?
17.
Explain myopia with the help of a well-labelled diagram.
18.
Explain hypermetropia with the help of a well-labelled diagram.
19.
Define presbiopia. How is it corrected?
42
20.
Explain the power of accommodation of the eye.
Three Marks Questions
21. Explain myopia with the help of a well-labelled diagram. How it is
corrected by a lens?
22. What are rods and cones? Explain their roles. What is role of the
retina in our eye ?
23. What
do
you
understand
by
persistence
of
vision?
Give
their
applications in theatre.
24. Define the power of accommodation of the eye. Define near and far
points of the eye.
25. Explain hypermetropia with the help of a well-labelled diagram. How it
is corrected by a lens?
Five Marks Questions
26. Write a brief note on
four common defects of the eye. How they can
be rectified ? Draw neat and labelled
formation in case of
ray diagrams showing image
a normal eye .
27. Describe the construction of the human eye with a well-labelled
diagram. Explain the functioning of its various parts.
28. Draw neat and labelled
case of the following :
ray diagrams showing image formation in
(i)normal eye (ii) hypermetropic eye (iii)myopic
eye (iv) hypermetropic corrected eye (v) myopic corrected eye
Numericals
1. Least distance of distinct vision of a long-signted man is 40 cm. He
wish to reduce it to 25 cm by using a lens . calculate focal length of
the lens
2. Which of the following colour has the least wavelength ?
Red, Orange, Violet &
Blue
3. What is The focal length of human eye lens with relaxed state
43
?
4. A person cannot see objects closer than 75 cm from the eye.
Calculate the power of the corrected lens should he use.
5. The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye. What is
the nature and power of the lens required to enable him to see very
distant objects distinctly?
6. The far point of a person suffering from myopia is 2 m from the eye.
Calculate the focal length and the power of the corrective lens.
7. The near point of an elderly person lies at 50 cm from the eye.
Calculate the focal length and power of the corrective
lens.
Value Based Questions.
1. Rekha and Preethi were classmates. Preethi was a bright girl and had
a quick grasping power. However Rekha noticed that Preethi was not
her usual self for the past few days. Rekha found out that Preethi was
not able to see the letters on the board properly and also complained
of frequent headaches. Rekha suggested to Preethi to get her eye
checked .Preethi followed Rekha’s suggestion and thanked her saying.
she felt very comfortable after wearing the spectacles.
a. What was the eye defect that Preethi had?
b. How can it be corrected?
c. Rekha was a true friend. Justify.
CHAPTER 12
ELECTRICITY
One Mark Questions.
1. Define resistivity of a material.
2. 400 J of heat is produced in 4 s in a 4 Ω resistor.
difference across the resistor?
Find potential
3. Why do we use copper and aluminium wire for transmission of electric
current?
4. What happens to the resistance of a conductor when temperature is
increased?
44
5. Name a device used to measure the current in a circuit.
6. Name two safety measures commonly used in electric circuits and
appliances.
7. What is meant by saying that the potential difference between two
points is 1V.
8. What is the SI unit of electric potential?
9. How is voltmeter connected in a circuit?
10. Nichrome is used to make the electric heater. Why?
Two Marks Questions.
1. A bulb is rated at 5.0 V, 100 mA.
(i) Power and
Calculate its :
(ii) resistance
2. (a) What material is used in making the filament of an electric bulb?
(b) Name the characteristics which make it suitable for this.
3. How are ammeters and voltmeters connected in a circuit?
What do
they help us to measure?
4. (a)
Define one volt.
(b) Draw symbols of the following components as used in circuit
diagrams.
(i) Electric bulb
(ii) Ammeter
5. An electric bulb is rated at 60W, 240V.Calculate its resistance. If the
voltage drop to 192V, calculate the power consumed and the current
drawn by the bulb.(Assume that the resistance of the bulb remain
unchanged).
6. Resistivity
of
two
element
A
and
B
are
1.62*10-8Ωm
and
520*10-8Ωm.Out of these two, name the element that can be used to
make:
(1) Filament of electric bulb.
(2) Wires for electrical transmission lines. Justify your answer in each
case.
45
7. (A) Write symbols used in electric circuits to represent:
(1) Variable resistance
(2) Voltmeter
(b) An electric bulb is rated 220V and 100W. When it is operated on
110V, what will be the power consumed?
8.
9.
What is the difference between resistance and resistivity?
State joule,s law heating. Write its mathematical form also?
10. A charge of 200C flows through the filament of electric bulb of
resistance 20Ω for 25s. Calculate the potential difference across the bulb.
Three Marks Questions.
1. Derive the relation R = R1 +R2 + R3 when three resistors are
connected in series in an electric circuit.
2. (a) What is meant by electric resistance of a conductor ?
(b) A wire of length L and resistance R is stretched so that the length
is doubled and area of cross-section halved. How will:
(i) Resistance change and
(ii) Resistivity change
3. In an electrical circuit, two resistors of 2 Ω and 4Ω respectively are
connected in series to a 6V battery. Calculate the amount of heat
dissipated by the 4Ω resistor in 5 s
4. Derive an expression for equivalent resistance when three resistors of
resistance R1,R2 and R3 are connected in parallel.
5. Two electric bulb A and B are marked 60 W, 220V and 40W, 220V
respectively
(1)Which one out of the has greater resistance?
(2)Which one out of the two will glow brighter if these are connected in
parallel to 220 V mains?
(3)Which one out of the two will glow brighter if these are connected in
series in the same supply?
46
Five marks questions.
1. (a)
State Ohm;s law.
ohm on
Give its mathematical expression and define 1
the basis of this expression?
(b)
State the conditions when Ohm’s law is not applicable?
(c)
Give an account of experimental verification of Ohm;s law
and
also draw V-I graph.
2. Find out the following in the electric circuit given in the figures.
(a)Effective resistance of two 8Ω resistors in the combination.
(b)Current flowing through 4 Ω resistor.
(c) Potential difference across 4 Ω resistance.
(d)Power dissipated in 4 Ω resistor.
(e)Difference in ammeter readings, if any.
3. What is electrical resistivity of a material? What is its unit? Describe
an experiment to study the factors on which the resistance of conducting
wire depends?
Value Based Questions.
1. Sarita was performing an experiment on Ohm’s law.
if difficult to obtain desired result.
She was finding
She showed her apparatus
arrangement to her friend Rakshita. Rakshita found that she had
connected the voltmeter in series and ammeter in parallel.
Rakshita
corrected the set up and asked Sarita to perform the experiment again.
Sarita was now able to take the correct observation.
Now answer the
following questions.
(i)
How are voltmeter and ammeter connected in a set up to verify
Ohm’s law ?
47
(ii)
What is Ohm;s Law ? When this law is not applicable?
(iii)
What according to you are the values imbibed by Rakshita?
2. In a household electric circuit different appliances are connected in
parallel to one another. An electrician puts a fuse of rating 5 A in a
household circuit and switched on the bulb. The bulb showed glow.
When the electrician went, sunil connected a heater of rating 1.5 kW,
220V and switched it on. He observed a blasting sound. Now answer
the folloeing questions:
(1)In a household circuit different appliances are connacted in parallel
to one another? Give two reasons.
(2)Why did sunil observed a blasting sound when he switch on the
heater?
(3) What do you know about sunil,s nature?
Numerical questions.
1. A current of 1 ampere is drawn by a filament of an electric bulb.
Calculate the number of electrons passing through a cross section of
the filament in 16 seconds.
2. In an electrical circuit two resistors of 2 Ω and 4 Ω respectively are
connected in series to a 6 v battery.
Find the heat dissipated by the
4 Ω resistor in 5 s.
3. An electric kettle consumers 1 kW of electric power shen operated at
220 V.
A fuse wire of what rating must be used for it ?
4. A charge of 200 C flows through the filament of electric bulb of
resistance 20 Ω for 25 s.
Calculate the potential difference across the
bulb.
5. (a)
How is the direction of electric current related to the direction of
flow of
(b)
electrons in a
wire ?
Calculate the current in a circuit, if 500 C of charges passes
through it in
10 minutes.
6. Several electric bulbs designed to be used on a 220V electric supply
line, are rated 10W. How many lamps can be connected in parallel
48
with each other across the two wires of 220V line if the maximum
allowable current is 5 A?
7. A hot plate of an electric oven connected to a 220V line has two
resistance coils A and B, each of 24Ω resistance, which may be used
separately, in series, or in parallel. What are the currents in three
cases?
8. Compare the power used in the 2Ω resistor in each of the following
circuits:
(1) A 6V battery in series with 1Ω and 2Ω resistor and
(2) A 4V battery in parallel with 12Ω and 2Ωresistors.
9. Two lamps, one rated 100 W at 220V, and the other 60W at 20V, are
connected in parallel to electric main supply voltage is 220v?
10.
Which uses more energy, a 220W TV set in 1 h or a 1200 W toaster
in 10 minutes?
CHAPTER 13
MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT
One Mark Questions.
1. What is the role of the split-ring in an electric motor?
2. State right hand thumb rule.
3. What does the thumb indicate in Fleming’s right hand rule?
4. Write any one method to induce current in a coil.
5. Why magnetic field lines are closed curves?
6. What does the thumb indicate in Fleming’s right hand rule?
7. What is meant by the term magnetic field?
8. What is the frequency for AC in India?
9. How is the magnetic field in a solenoid used?
10. What is the pattern of field lines inside a solenoid? What do they
indicate?
49
Two Marks Questions.
1.
What is meant by the term “magnetic field lines”?
Use two properties
of magnetic field lines?
2.
What is a solenoid? Draw the pattern of field lines due to a solenoid
carrying electric current?
3.
No two magnetic field lines can intersect each other.
4.
What is SI unit of magnetic field? Under what condition does a
moving charge experience
(i)
5.
maximum forces
(ii) minimum force
What does the direction of thumb indicate in the right hand thumb
rule?
6.
Explain.
In what way this rule is different from Fleming’s left-hand rule?
A compass needle is placed near a current-carrying wire. State your
observation for the following cases:
(a) Magnitude of electric current in the wire is increased.
(b) The compass needle is displaced away from the wire.
7.
Name and state the rule to determine the direction of a force
experienced by a current-carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic
field which is perpendicular to it. Name a device that uses current-carrying
conductor and magnetic field.
8.
What are magnetic field lines? How is the direction of a magnetic field
at a point determined? Mention two important properties of magnetic field
lines?
9.
What is the role of the two conducting stationary brushes in a simple
electric motor?
10. What is the difference between a direct current and an alternating
current? How many times does AC used in India change direction in one
second?
Three Marks
Questions.
1. What is meant by overloading of an electric circuit ?
Explain two
possible causes due to which overloading may occur in household
50
circuit.
Explain one precaution that should be taken to avoid the
overloading of domestic electric circuit.
2. Which effect of the electric current is utilized in the working of an
electrical fuse?
(b)
A fuse is connected in series or in parallel in household circuit.
(c)
Draw a schematic labeled diagram of a domestic circuit which
has a provision of a main fuse, meter, one light bulb and a
switch socket.
3.
(a)
(b)
Define electromagnetic induction.
Two coils P and S are wound over the same iron core.
Coil P
is connected to a battery and a key and the coil S is connected
to a galvanometer?
1.
2.
3.
Draw a suitable diagram of this Arrangement
and write your observations when –
Current in the coil P is started by closing the key.
Current continues to flow in coil P.
Current in coil P is stopped by removing the key. Explain the
reason for such observations.
4. What are various factors on which the strength of
magnetic field
inside a solenoid depends?
5. What are various factors on which force on a charged particle moving
in a magnetic field Depends?
Five Marks Questions.
1. (i) What is a magnetic field?
How can the direction of magnetic field
lines at a place be determined?
State the rule for the direction of the magnetic field produced around a
current carrying conductor.
Draw a sketch of the pattern of field lines
due to a current flowing through a straight conductor ?
2. (a) Draw an appropriate schematic diagram showing common domestic
circuits.
Discus the importance of fuse. Why is it that a burnt out fuse should
be replaced by another fuse of identical rating?
51
3.
(a) Describe an experiment with a diagram to show that a force is a
exerted on a current-carrying Conductor when placed perpendicular in a
magnetic field.
(b) How will this force change if current in the conductor is increased?
(c)Name a device that uses the above principle.
Value Based Questions.
1. I was returning from market to home.
When I entered the industrial
area, I saw the gathering of people near a factory which was caught to
fire.
It happened because of short circuiting.
Such accidental cases of
fire usually occur because of short circuiting and lead to a great loss of
life and property.
circuiting.
It is, thus, necessary to take steps to prevent short
Now, answer the following questions :
(I)
What is short-circuiting ?
What is the cause of short circuiting?
(II)
What steps can be taken to prevent short circuiting?
2. Arpit and his classmates were visiting to a tour in Bhilai Industries.
Armpits’ friend observed that a crane was lifting the heavy pieces of
iron from a heap of industrial wastes. He was staring his eyes at the
crane and was surprise to think how it was possible though there was
no hook in the crane.He showed this activity to Arpit and expressed his
curiosity to know the reason .Arpit explained the functioning of crane to
his friend .He was happy and thanked Arpit .Now answer the following
questions:
(i)How could the crane lift iron pieces without hooks?
(ii)What do you know about the nature of Arpits
friend?
(iii)What value is exhibited by Arpit?
(iv)Write some other uses of the same principle.
Numerical questions/Hots Questions.
1. A circuit has a fuse of 4 A. What is the maximum number of 40 W (220
V) bulbs which can be safely used in the circuit?
52
2. An electron enters a uniform magnetic field at right angles to it as shown
in the figure. In which direction will this electron move? State the
principle applied by you in finding the direction of motion of the electron.
3. Meena draws magnetic field lines of field close to the axis of a currentcarrying circular loop .As she moves away from the centre of the circular
loop she observes that the lines keep on diverging. How will you explain
her observation?
4. It is established that an electric current through a magnetic conductor
produce a magnetic field around it. Is there a similar magnetic field
produced around a thin beam of moving(i)alpha-particles,(ii)neutrons?
Justify your answer.
5. A magnetic compass shows a deflection when placed near a currentcarrying wire . How will the deflection of the compass get affected if the
current in the wire is increased? Support your answer with a reason.
CHAPTER 14
SOURCES OF ENERGY
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Name two conventional sources of energy.
2. A solar cell transforms energy of one form to another form? What are
these two forms of energy?
3. Name the gaseous fuel out of the following which has the highest
calorific value –LPG,Biogas.
4. In which two forms ocean energy is harnessed?
5. Name the main constituent of Natural gas.
6. What type of Reflector is used in solar concentrators?
7. Mention one feature of Biogas that makes it an ideal fuel.
8. Which isotope of uranium can undergo fission readily?
9. Name two gases other than carbon dioxide that are given out during
burning of fossil fuel and contribute towards acid rain.
10. Mention any one use of wind energy.
53
Short Answer Type Questions
1. List any four characteristics of a good fuel.
2. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable sources of energy
giving one example of each.
3. Write one limitation each for the extracting of energy from (a) winds
(b) tides.
4. Give reasons why hydrogen can not be used as a domestic fuel.
5. Name the different constituents of biogas.
6. What are fossil fuels ? Give two examples of fossil fuels
7. List any four changes you would like to incorporate in your lifestyle in
a more towards a sustainable use of available resources in our
country.
8. Write two advantages of nuclear energy.
9. Why are thermal plants preferably set up near coal or oil fields?\
10. List any four areas where solar cells are being used as a source of
energy.
1. Explain
the
Short Answer Type Questions
working
of
a
hydroelectric
power
plant
to
produce
electricity.
2. Name the forms in which energy from ocean is made available for
use.What are OTEC power plants? How do they operates?
3. (i) Name the four gases commonly present in bio-gas.
(ii)List two advantages of using bio-gas over fossil fuels.
4. Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:Due to inconsistent power supply in village, Ravi is planning to buy an
inverter. He has two options –an ordinary inverter, which is quite
cheap, or a solar inverter with solar panels, which is expensive.
Ramesh, his friend and a student of science advised him to buy solar
inverter with solar panels.
(i) Why did Ramesh advised Ravi to buy more expensive solar
inverter with solar panels?
54
(ii) Which element is generally used for making solar panels? Is this
element is a conductor, an insulator or a semiconductor?
(iii) What are the values associated with the above decision?
5. What are the environmental consequences of the increasing demand
for energy?
What steps would you suggest to reduce energy consumption?
Long Answer Type Questions
1. What Is biomass? Explain the principal and working of a fixed dome
type biogas plant using a labelled schematic diagram.
2. What is a nuclear reactor? Explain how nuclear fission reaction is
controlled in a reactor. Mention any two advantages and any two
disadvantages of harnessing of nuclear energy.
3. With the help of a diagram explain the construction and working of a
box type solar cooker.
Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots)
1. Justify in one sentence that hydropower is a renewable source of
energy.
2. Hydrogen has been used as a rocket fuel. Would you consider it as a
cleaner fuel than CNG?
Why or Why not?
3. Which of the following source of electricity involves more running
expenses and why? Thermal power station, Hydro power station ,Solar
cells or Geothermal source.(3 MARKS)
4. (a) Out of two solar cookers, one was covered by a plane glass slab
and the other was left open. Which of the two solar cookers will be
more efficient and why?
(b) Why the efficiency of solar heating devices is much lower than that
of similar devices operated on electricity? (5 MARKS)
55
CHAPTER 15
OUR ENVIRONMENT
Very Short Answer Type Questions
(1 Mark)
1. Give two examples of biodegradable wastes.
2. Which of the following belong to the first tropic level:
Grasshopper, Rose plant, Neem tree, Cockroach, Vulture ?
3. Define food web.
4. How
do
vultures
and
kites
form
important
constituents
of
our
environment?
5. What is pyramid of energy?
6. How much energy is utilized at each trophic level?
7. Write the common food chain of a pond ecosystem.
8. List any two non-biodegradable pollutants.
9. Give names of chemicals which are responsible for thinning of ozone
layer.
10. Mention any two methods of garbage disposal.
Short Answer Type Questions
(2 Marks)
1. Name the organisms belonging to the second and the fourth trophic
levels in the food chain comprising the following:
Frogs, Plants, Snakes, Hawk, Insects.
2. Waste of which of the following two materials is more polluting,
polythene or paper? Give reasons for your answer.
3. Give reasons why(i) Forest ecosystem I more stable than cropland ecosystem.
(ii) Available energy goes on decreasing at each trophic level in a
food chain.
4. What are decomposers? What is their role?
5. Why do we say that flow of energy in the ecosystem is unidirectional?
6. Name the radiations absorbed by ozone layer. What would happen to
living ones in earth if ozone layer around us disappears?
56
7. What is UNEP? What step has been taken by UNEP in 1987 to
prevent too much damage to the ozone layer?
8. State any two practices which can help in the protection of our
environment.
9. List any four methods of disposal of waste.
10. What will happen if we kill all the organisms in one trophic level?
Short Answer Type Questions
(3 MARKS)
1. Why bacteria and fungi are are called decomposers? List any two
advantages of decomposers to the environment.
2. Why is improper disposal of waste a curse to environment?
3. Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What steps
are being taken to limit this damage?
4. What is Biological magnification? Will the levels of this magnification be
different at different level
of the ecosystem?
5. Now –a-days plastic has become a necessary evill.Plastic production is
increasing day by day despite the fact that plastic is harmful for the
environment.
(i)What are the ill effects of use of plastic on environment?
(ii) Suggest three measures to cope with this issue.
Long
Answer Type Questions
(5 MARKS)
1. Explain five harmful effects of agricultural practices on the environment.
2. Indicate the flow of energy in an ecosystem .why is it unidirectional?
Justify.
3. What is a food chain? Give its characteristics. Explain how energy
flows through different trophic levels in a food chain.
1. What
limits
Higher Order Thinking Skills(HOTS)
the
number
of
trophic
(1 MARK)
57
levels
in
a
food
chain?
2. The amount of energy that will be available to the plants from the sun
is 20,000J.Calculate the amount of energy available to lion in the
following food chain:
Plant___ Deer____Lion
3. Suggest
suitable
(2 MARKS)
mechanism
industries.
for
waste
management
in
fertilizer
(3 MARKS)
4. Give reasons for the followings(i) Food chains consist of 4 or maximum 5 steps.
(ii) In the stratosphere, ozone shield normally has steady concentration
of ozone.
(iii) Among the ozone depleting substances Chlorofluorocarbons are the
most harmful.
(5 MARKS)
CHAPTER 16
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Very Short Answer Type Questions
(1 Mark)
1. Which gas is released by the burning of coal and petroleum adds to
global warming?
2. Name any two traditional system of water harvesting.
3. What is meant by “Sustainable development”?
4. List two industries which are dependent on forests for raw materials.
5. What may happen if there is a loss of biodiversity?
6. Which type of conservation is associated with the Bishnoi community of
Rajasthan?
7. Name two common fossil fuels.
8. Name any two endangered animal species.
9. Name the three ‘R’ of the conservation strategy.
10.
What is meant by Watershed management?
58
Short Answer Type Questions (2 Marks)
1. Why should we conserve forests ? Suggest any two ways to conserve
forests.
2. Why should the fossil fuels be used judiciously?
3. List any four advantages of water harvesting.
4. How the ‘Chipko Andolan’ ultimately benefit the local population?
5. What measures would you take to conserve electricity in your house?
6. What are Natural resources? State two factors that work against an
equitable distribution of these resources.
7. State the factors which can be used to find whether river water has
been contaminated.
8. What is biodiversity? What are biodiversity hotspots?
9. Give an example of people’s participation in the management of
forests.
10. Give two advantages of classifying energy sources as renewable and
non-renewable.
Short Answer Type Questions
(3 MARKS)
1. Explain how, the water of river Ganga has been highly polluted. Name the
scheme which was launched to clean this river.
2. What is dam? Write two main advantages and two ill effects of constructing
a big dam.
3. State three measures which can be taken for the conservation of forests.
(a)
How
is
increasing
demand
for
energy
adversely
affecting
our
environment?
(b) A person lives near a forest. Make a list of four items he can get from
forest to meet his daily needs.
(c) What is meant by water shed management?
4. When the trains were first started all the engines were steam engines and
used coal. Later on they were replaced by diesel and electric engines.
(a) What is the advantage of electric engine over steam engines(as far as
conservation of nature Is concerned).
59
(b) Do you see a need to replace electric engines also by some other
source of energy? Why?
Long Answer Type Questions
(5 MARKS)
1. Suggest five ways which we can follow to address the problem of energy
crisis.
2. (a) What was the aim of save Narmada Movement?
(b) List three problems addressed by it.
(c) Name two more projects which ran into similar controversy.
3. (a)
Why
must
we
conserve
our
forests?
List
any
two
causes
for
deforestation taking place.
(b) List any four measures for conserving forests.
Higher Order Thinking Skills (Hots)
1. Why is it necessary to conserve our environment?
(1 MARKS)
2. Write two points to be kept in mind while storing water in tanks.(2 MARKS)
3. Give any three reason which favour the support of ‘Sustainable natural
resource management.
(3 MARKS)
4. Suggest five useful ways of utilizing waste water.
(5 MARKS)
CHAPTER 17
PRACTICAL BASED MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
SA-I
Practical Questions (Multiple Choice Questions)—Biology
1. When students observed a stained epidermal peel of a leaf under the
microscope, it appeared pinkish red. The stain used was(a) Iodine.
(b) Acetocarmine.
(c) Safranin.
60
(d) Colchicin.
2. Students observed the epidermal peel of a leaf under the high power of
a
Microscope. The following are the sketches made by them.
A
B
C
D
(b) B
(c) C
The correct sketch is
(a) A
(d) D
3. The correct procedure to prepare a temporary mount of a stained leaf
epidermis is
A
B
C
D
Take a peel Take a peel Stain
of a leaf
of a leaf;
Stain it with Wash
safranin;
it
leaf;
slide;
a
peel;
Transfer the Place it on Wash
slide; peel
Stain it with
iodine;
the
in
Add a drop water;
Transfer the
peel to
the slide;
Remove the of glycerin
Place it on Remove
excess
on it;
a slide;
stain;
Put a cover Put a cover stain
Put a cover slip gently.
slip on it.
slip on it.
a
peel;
in Take
water;
peel to the the
the Take
excess
with
blotting
paper;
Put a cover
slip on it.
(a) A. (b) B. (c) C. (d) D
61
4. A student would be prepared a temporary mount of a stained leaf peel.
(i)
Cover the material with the cover slip
(ii) Transfer the stained peel to a clean glass slide and add a drop of
glycerine
(iii)
Remove the peel from lower surface of peel
(iv) Drop it in water in petridish and add a drop of safranin stain.
5. The correct sequence of the experimental steps is:(a) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
(b) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
(c) (iii), (iv), (ii), (i)
(d) (iii), (iv), (i), (ii)
6. Student draws the following sketch of stomatal apparatus and numbers
the partsto label them.The chloroplast is denoted by
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
1
2
3
4
The teacher instructed a student to place a healthy potted shoe flower plant
in a dark room for 24 hours prior to an experiment on photosynthesis. The
purpose of placing it in a dark room is
(a) to increase the intake of CO2.
(b) to activate the chloroplasts in the leaves.
(c) to de-starch the leaves.
(d) to denature the enzymes in the leaves.
7. In an experiment to show that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis,
the leaf is boiled in alcohol for a few minutes using a water bath. It is
essential because
a. Alcohol is highly volatile.
b. Steam from the water bath heats the leaf rapidly.
62
c. Steam from the water bath dissolves the chlorophyll.
d. Alcohol is flammable.
8. A part of de-starched leaf of a potted plant was covered with black
paper strips on both sides and the plant was kept in sunlight for 8
hours. The leaf was then tested with iodine after boiling it in alcohol.
Only the uncovered part of the leaf turned blue black. The inference is
that
(a) CO2 is necessary for photosynthesis.
(b) light is necessary for photosynthesis.
(c) chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis.
(d) water is necessary for photosynthesis.
9. In an experiment on photosynthesis, students were instructed to cover a
portion of a leaf of a de-starched potted plant with opaque paper as
shown in the figure.
“A” covered one of the leaves with red strip, “B” with green, “C” with
blue and “D” with black. When the starch test was done on the leaves
after 4 hours, the result showed no starch in
(a) The portion covered with red, green and blue strips
(b) The portion covered with green strip.
(c) The portion covered with black and blue
(d) Any of the covered portions.
A
B
C
D
10. A leaf from a de-starched plant is covered with black paper strip as
shown in
63
figure 1. The starch test is done on the leaf after 8 hours.
whilte
black
paper
blue black
blue black
whilte
whilte
blue black
A
B
whilte
blue black
figure 1
green
green
blue black
whilte
C
D
The results will be as shown in diagram
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D
11. In the experiment to prove that light is essential for photosynthesis,
one of the item is not used in the procedure. Identify it.
(a) Alcohol (b) Black paper
(c) Starch solution (d) Water bath
12. When CO2 combine with lime water, it turns:
(a) Bluish (b) Reddish (c) Milky (d) Yellowish
13. In the experiment set up, KOH absorbs CO2 in the conical flask and
there is rise of water level in the bent tube because of.
(a) Concentration difference
(b) Diffusion
(c) Creation of partial vacuum (d) None of these
14. Given below are four different set ups to show that CO2 is released
during
64
(a)--dry gram seeds
(b)—boiled gram seeds
(c)—germinating seeds
(d) --wet and germinating gram seeds
15. Which of the following respiration will yield more energy ?
(a) Aerobic respiration
(b) Anaerobic respiration in muscles
(c) Both will yield same energy
(d) Anaerobic respiration in yeast
Short Answer Questions (2- Marks Each)
1. Name the cells that help in the formation of stoma. What are their
shapes in dicot plants?
2. What is the test to identify the presence of starch in leaf. Why do we
boil the leaf in ethanol?
3. Why KOH solution is freshly prepared and kept in the test tube inside
the airtight conical flask?
Term – 1
Chemistry
1. When you place one drop of each of lemon juice, hydrochloric acid,
sodium hydroxide and acetic acid on a strip of red litmus paper one by one,
in which case would you observe a red colour of litmus?
a) Lemon juice
65
b) Acetic acid
c) Hydrochloric acid
d) Sodium hydroxide
2. When a drop of an unknown solution X is placed on a strip of pH paper,
a deep red colour is produced. This simple is which one of the following?
a) NaOH
b) HCl
c) Water
d) CH3COOH
3. THE pH of a sample of pure water is 7 at room temperature. What is its
pH when a pinch of solid sodium bicarbonate is dissolved in it?
a) Very near to 7
b) Less than 7
c) More than 7
d) Exactly 7.
4. Which one of the correct method of finding the pH of a solution?
a) Heat the solution in a test tube and expose the pH paper to the
vapours formed
b) Pour a few drops of solution from the test tube on the pH paper
c) Drop the pH paper in the solution
d) Put a drop the solution on the pH paper using a dropper.
5. Solid sodium bicarbonate was placed on a strip of dry pH paper. The
colour of the strip
a) Turned blue
b) Did not change
c) Turned green and suddenly yellow
d) Turned light pink.
66
6. What is the name of the gas liberated when Zn reacts with a solution of
NaOH?
a) Hydrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Nitrogen
d) Phosgene
7. Zinc metal shows amphoteric nature. It is due to which one of the
following facts?
a) Zn reacts with HCl only
b) Zn reacts with NaOH only
c) Zn reacts with HCl and NaOH both
d) Zn does not react either with HCl or NaOH
8. Which one of the following liquid samples terns red litmus paper blue?
a) Alcohol
b) Distilled water
c) Sodium hydroxide solution
d) Hydrochloric acid
9. A teacher gave two test tubes one containing water and other containing
a solution of sodium hydroxide to two students and asked them to identify
the test tube containing sodium hydroxide solution. Which one of the
following can be used for correctly identifying the test tube containing the
solution of sodium hydroxide?
a) Blue litmus
b) Red litmus
c) Sodium carbonate solution
d) Dilute hydrochloric acid
10. Which metal liberates hydrogen gas with both the acid and alkali?
a) Iron
b) Zinc
c) Copper
67
d) Silver
11. The action of water on quick lime is an example of which type of
reaction?
a) Combination
b) Displacement
c) Decomposition
d) Redox
12. What is the odour of the gases produce on thermal decomposition of
ferrous sulphate?
a) Like rotten eggs
b) Like burning sulphur
c) Sweet smell
d) Fruity smell
13. Heating of ferrous sulphate is an example of which type of reaction?
a) Thermal decomposition
b) Thermal analysis
c) Double decomposition reaction
d) Catalytic decomposition
14. Which type of reaction takes place when an iron nail is dipped in a
solution of copper sulphate?
a) Combination
b) Displacement
c) Double displacement
d) Decomposition
15. When you dip an iron nail in the solution of copper sulphate and wait
for about 20 minutes, what is the change in the colour of the solution?
a) Green to blue
b) Blue to red
c) Blue to light green
d) Blue to orange
68
16. The white precipitate of barium sulphate formed insoluble in which one
of the following?
a) HNO3
b) HCl
c) H2o
d) None
17. Which one of the following does not form a colourless solution in water?
a) Al2(so4)3
b) Na2SO4
c) CuSO4
d) ZnSO4
18. Which one is not observed aluminum is added to a solution of ferrous
sulphate?
a) The solution is light green in the beginning
b) The final solution becomes colourless
c) The final solution becomes dark blue
d) A dirty mass is deposited on the surface of aluminum
19. A student added a piece of zinc metal four different test tubes
containing different solution. In which test tube he observed no change
a) CuSO4
b) AgNO3
c) ZnSO4
d) FeSO4
20. Which one of Fe, Zn, Cu and Al is the least reactive metal?
a) Fe
b) Zn
c) Cu
d) Al
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21. A zinc plate was dipped in copper sulphate solution taken in a beaker.
After about 90 minutes it was observed that there colour of solution has
change from
a) Blue to pale green
b) Blue to colourless
c) Blue to reddish brown
d) Colourless to blue
22. Iron fillings were added to a solution of copper sulphate. After 10
minutes, it was observed that the blue of solution has changed and layer
has deposited on iron fillings. Which one of the following set of colours
correspond to the colour of the solution and the colour 0f the coating
respectively?
a) Yellow and green
b) Brown and blue
c) Red and greenish blue
d) Light green and reddish brown.
Term-1
Physics
1. If V, R and I are the symbols for P.D, resistance and current respectively
for an electrical circuit, then from Ohm’s law, we have
(a) V=R/I
(b) V=I/R
(c) V=IR
(d) I=RV
2. Ohm’s law:
(a) is valid for conductors.
(b) is not valid for semiconductors.
(c) is valid for electrolytes
(d) is valid for diodes.
3. An electric cell or a battery is used to:
(a) Measure electric current through a conductor
(b) Maintain a potential difference between two points of a conductor
(c) Measure potential difference
(d) Avoid short circuiting
70
4. An ammeter is used to measure:
(a) Electric current
(b) Electric power
(c) Potential Difference
(d) Resistance
5. Electric current flowing through a conductor depends
(a) Only on the resistance of the conductor
(b) Only on the P.D applied across the ends of the conductor
( c) On both of the above
(d) On none of the above.
6.
In a circuit:
a) Ammeter is always connected in parallel and a voltmeter in series.
b) Both are connected in series
c) Both are connected in parallel.
d) Ammeter is always connected in series and voltmeter in parallel with
the resister.
7. A rheostat in a circuit is connected to
a) Apply a constant resistance in the circuit.
b) To start the current flow
c) To stop the current flow
d) Apply a variable resistance in the circuit.
8. Which of the following device would you use to maintain potential
difference between two points of a conductor?
a) A rheostat
b) A cell
c) A voltmeter
d) An ammeter
71
9. Three resisters of 1 ohm, 2 ohm and 3 ohm are connected in parallel.
The combine resistance of the three resisters should be
a) Greater than 3 ohm
b) Less than 1 ohm
c) Equal to 2 ohm
d) Between 1 ohm and 3 ohm
10. Three resistors are connected in parallel with the battery. The current in
each resistor is 1 ampere. The current drawn from the battery is
A) 1 A
b) 2 A
C) 3 A
d)
0 A
11. Three resistors having equal resistance when combine in series have
the equivalent resistance of 45 ohm. There equivalent resistance when join
in parallel should be
A) 15 ohm
b) 5 ohm
c) 30 ohm
d) 90 ohm.
12. If four 2 ohm resistors are connected in parallel, the effective resistance
of the combination is
A) 8 ohm
b) 4 ohm
c) 0.5 ohm
d) 0.25 ohm
13. If four resistors, each of value 1 ohm are connected in parallel, the
effective resistance of the combination is
A) 0.5 ohm
b) 0.25 ohm
c) 4 ohm
d) 2 ohm
72
14. A fuse wire in household circuit connected in
a) series
b) parallel
c) series with earth wire
d) between live and neutral wire.
15. Constantan or manganin are chosen for making standard resistance
because of
a) high value of resistivity
b) low temperature coefficient of resistance
c) produce least disturbance in the circuit due to less contact potential.
d) of all of the above factors.
16. Resistors are connected in parallel if the resultant resistance in the
circuit to be
a) increase
b) decrease
c) kept the same
d) none of the above.
17. In which combination, he vale of the resultant resistance will be smaller
than any of individual resistance
a) parallel
b) series
c) mixed
d) none of the above.
CHAPTER 18
Practical Questions
SA-II
(Multiple Choice Questions) Biology
1. If the magnification of objective lens is 10X and that of eyepiece is
15X, the total magnification would be
(a)1.5X
(c) 150X
(b) 25X
(d)1500X
2. Amoeba and Yeast reproduce by(a)Binary fission
(b) Budding
(c) Regeneration
(d) above a and b
73
3. A yeast cell in which budding occurs was seen to have.
(a)Two bud cell
(b) one bud cell
(c) A chain of bud cells
(d) None of these
4. The budding in yeast is illustrated by the
A
A
BB
(a) A
C
C
(b) B
(c)
DD
C
(d) D
5. The process represented in the diagram below
(a)
Formation of spores in Amoeba.
(b)
Formation of bud taking place in Amoeba.
(c)
Identical gametes being formed in Amoeba.
(d)
Formation of daughter cells in Amoeba.
6. Two of the following four figures that illustrate budding are
(a)1 and 2. (b)1 and 3. (c) 1 and
I
II
4.(d) 2 and 4
III
IV
7. Wings of insect, wings of a bird and wings of a bat are the examples of
(a)Analogous organs
(b) Homologous organs
(c) Vestigial organs
(d) All of these
8. A basket of vegetables contains carrot, potato, radish, sweet potato and
tomato, which of them represent the correct homologous structures?
(a)Potato and Sweet potato
(b) Carrot and Tomato
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(c) Radish and Carrot
(d) Radish and Potato
9. Read the following statements---
(i) Thorn of Bougainvillea and Tendril of Cucurbita are homologous
(ii)Forelimbs in humans and Forelimbs in frogare homologous
(iii)Wings of butterfly and wings of a bird are analogous
(iv) Tendrils of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous
Select the right choice
(a) (i),(ii) and (iii)
(b) (i),(ii) and (iv)
(c) (i),(ii) and (iv)
(d) All of these
10. The differences between Analogous and homologous organs.
(a) Homologous organs have similar structure and origin but dissimilar
function
(b)
Analogous organs have similar function but dissimilar structure and
origin.
(c) Both are correct
(d) Both are wrong
11. Which type of evolution gives rise to analogous organs
(a) Convergent evolution
(c) Both of these
(b) Divergent evolution
(d) None of these
12. What are the two main parts of an embryo?
(a) Zygote and Endosperm
(c) Root and Shoot
(b) Radicle and Plumule
(d) Anther and Ovule
13. In figure the part I, II and III are sequentially
(a) Plumule, Radicle and Cotyledon (b) Radicle, Plumuleand Cotyledon
75
(c) Cotyledon, Plumule and Radicle (d) Plumule, Cotyledon and Radicle
14. How
many
cotyledons
are
present
in
monocots
and
dicots,
respectively?
(a)Two and One
(b) One and Three
(c) Three and One
(d) One and Two
15. The
following figures
Sequence.
incorrect
illustrate
binary
fission
in
Amoeba
in
an
The correct sequence is
a. (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
(b) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
(c) ( iv), (iii), (ii), (i )
(d) ( iii), (iv), (ii), (i )\
16. Name the parts of embryo axis which form shoot and root respectively.
17. Tendrils in Pisum and thorn in Citrus are the modification of which part
of the plant?
18. Draw two diagrams in correct sequence showing budding in yeast.
Sa-II Chemistry
1. Which one turns a blue litmus red?
2.
(a)Sodium bicarbonate
(b) Acetic acid
(c) Sodium carbonate
(d) Ethyl alcohol
Four
students
performed
experiments
of
acetic
acid
with
sodium
carbonate
(I) Sodium hydroxide (II) Sodium bicarbonate
(III) Sodium chloride (IV) separately.
Each one brought burning candles near the mouth of the test tubes. The
candle would be extinguished near the mouth of which test tubes?
(a) I and II
(b) I and III
(c) II and III
(d) I and IV
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3. When a few drops of acetic acid are added to blue litmus solution it is
observed that the
(a) Blue litmus turns red
(b) No colour change occurs
(c) Blue litmus turns green
(d) Blue litmus becomes colourless
4. A student adds acetic acid solution to sodium hydrogen carbonate.
She/he would immediately observe that:
(a) A white precipitate is obtained (b) A blue coloured solution is obtained
(c) A gas is evolved with brisk effervescence
(d) The mixture turns milky
5. When ethanoic acid is added to a solution of substance X, a colourless
and odourless gas Y is liberated. The gas Y turns lime water milky. The
substance X is:
(a) Sodium carbonate
(b) Sodium hydroxide
(c) Sodium acetate
(d) Lime water
6. After completion of the saponification the final mixture is poured in a
solution of:
(a) CaCl2
(b) KOH
(c) NaOH
(d) NaCl
7. In the preparation of soap, sodium chloride causes
(a) Complete saponification
(b) complete hydrolysis
(c) Complete precipitation
(d) complete neutralization
8. Soap is a salt of
(a) Strong base and weak acid
(b) weak base and strong acid
(c) Strong base and strong acid
(d) weak base and weak acid
9. The soap molecule has a
(a) Hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
(b) Hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail
(c) Hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail
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(d) Hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail
10. In the soap micelles
(a) The ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the
carbon chain is in the interior of the cluster
(b) Ionic end of soap is in the interior of the cluster and the carbon
chain is out of the cluster
(c) Both ionic end and carbon chain are in the interior of the cluster
(d) Both ionic end carbon chain are on the exterior of the cluster
11. Cleaning dirty piece of cloth with soap is not effective in acidic water
because
(a) Acid will destroy the cloth
(b) Soap will dissolve and form lather
(c) Acid will combine with RCOO- part of the soap
(d) Acid will not combine with RCOO- part of the soap.
12. A student takes 5 mL of distilled water in four test tubes marked as
I,II,III and
IV, then dissolves sodium chloride in test tube I, calcium chloride
in test tube II, magnesium chloride in test tube III, and potassium chloride in
test tube IV. In which test tube or test tubes will the water behave as soft
water?
(a) Only in II
(b) Only in III
(c) in II and III
(d) in I and IV
13. A sample of water containing excess of calcium ion is called
(a) Ionic water
(b) Soft water
(c) Hard water
(d) Heavy water
14. A student takes 4 mL of distilled water in four test tubes marked as
I,II,III and
IV, then dissolves sodium chloride in test tube I, calcium chloride
78
in test tube II,hydrochloric acid in test tube III, and magnesium chloride
solution
in test tube IV.In which test tube or test tubes will lather be
formed with soap?
(a) Only in II
(b) Only in I
(c) in I and IV
(d) in II and III
15. A student takes 6 mL of distilled water in four test tubes marked as
I,II,III and
IV, then dissolves sodium chloride in test tube I, calcium chloride
in test tube II, magnesium chloride in test tube III, and potassium chloride in
test tube IV.In which test tube or test tubes will scum be formed with soap
?
(a) Only in III
(b) Only in II
(c) in II and III
(d) in I and IV
16. The liquid sample given to us has vinegar like smell. Report
(i) its effect on blue litmus paper and red litmus paper and
(ii) its interaction with distilled water?
1. A real image:
Term -2
Physics
a) Is formed when reflected rays do not actually meet but appear to
diverge from a point
b) Cannot be obtained on a screen
c) Can be obtained on a screen
d) Is always erect.
2. For a plane mirror, radius of curvature ‘R’ is:
a) R=0
b) R=INFINITY
c) R=2f
d) R=f\2
3. The central point on the surface of the mirror is called:
79
a) Central of curvature
b) Focus
c) Pole
d) None of the above.
4. A virtual, erect and magnified image is formed by a concave mirror
when the object is:
a) at F
b) between F and C
c) beyond C
d) between pole and F.
5. A mirror which forms virtual image only for some particular position of
the object with respect to the mirror is a:
a) plane mirror
b) convex mirror
c) concave mirror
d) None of the above.
6. In solar devices, the energy is concentrated into a small area using:
a) Plane mirror
(b) Concave mirror
b) Parabolic mirror
(d) Parabolic or concave mirror.
7. The position of the object for which magnification produced by concave
mirror is 1, will be
a) at focus
b) between focus and pole
c) centre of curvature
d) infinity.
8. Your school laboratory has one large window, to find the focal length
of a given concave mirror by using one of the walls as the screen, the
experiment may be performed:
a) near the wall as the window
b) on the same wall as the window
c) on the wall adjacent to the window
d) only on the table as per the Laboratory arrangement.
80
9. When an object is placed in front of a convex lens, the image formed:
a) is always virtual
b) is always real
c) may be real or virtual
d) is always erect.
10. An object is placed before a concave lens. The image formed:
a)
is always inverted
b) is always erect
c)
is always real
d) may be erect or inverted.
11. A beam of parallel rays after falling obliquely on a plane refracting
surface:
a. diverges
b. converges
c. remains parallel but gets deviated
d. remains parallel without any deviation.
12. A student obtained a sharp image of the window on a screen using a
convex lens. In order to determine the focal length of the lens, you
need to measure the distance between the
a) away from the screen
b) behind the screen
c) very far away from the screen
d) towards the screen.
13. The power of a lens is a measure of degree of
a) divergence only
b) convergence only
c) divergence or convergence
d) none of the above.
81
14. In the experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens, a
student obtained a sharp image of a distant tree on the screen behind
the lens. The student then removed the screen and looked through the
lens in the direction of the object. He will see
a. an inverted image of the tree at the focus of the lens
b. no image
c. a blurred image on the lens surface
d. An erect image of the tree at the focus of the lens.
15. The S.I. unit of refractive
a) m-1
index is
b) m s-1
c) s-1
d) no unit
16. Teacher asked three student to write one precaution each regarding
the experiment on tracing the path of light ray through glass slab.
First, second and third student and third student wrote down following
precautions, respectively
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