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Grading the Explanation Tool for Decomposer Digestion: How does a decomposer get food to a cell in its fruiting body? This grading worksheet does not have an Activity number in the title because it can be used to grade all Explanation Tools for digestion in this Unit. This worksheet has “grading” in the title because at this point, students can be held accountable for correct answers. Level 4 (correct) responses to the questions are in blue bold italics below. There are also comments about common Level 2 and Level 3 responses to help you with grading and making decisions about what to emphasize in future lessons. Fungi, like all decomposers, need food to survive and grow. Answer the Three Questions to explain how a shelf fungus gets food to a cell in its fruiting body to help it grow. The Movement Question: Zooming in to trace matter 1. Draw and label arrows to show how molecules with carbon atoms move into and through the fungus when it sends food to a cell in its fruiting body. Level 4: Polymers (large organic molecules) such as proteins, fats/lipids and/or carbohydrates, in the tree are broken down to monomers. Arrows labeled with these monomers (small organic molecules) such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids and glycerol show them entering the fungus and traveling through the hyphae to a particular cell. 2. Where are large organic molecules made into small organic molecules? Level 4: Outside the fungus 3. What is the name of this chemical change that allows the fungus to absorb food into its cells? Digestion The Carbon Question: How atoms are rearranged into new molecules What molecules are carbon atoms in before the What molecules are carbon atoms in after the chemical change? chemical change? Level 4: starch, protein, fats Level 4: glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, amino acids What other molecules are needed? Level 4: water Chemical Change What other molecules are produced? Level 4: None The Energy Question: How energy is transformed What forms of energy are needed for this chemical What forms of energy are produced by this chemical change? change? Decomposers Unit Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy Environmental Literacy Project Energy 1 TransformationMichigan State University Level 4: Chemical energy Where does the energy come from? Level 4: C-C and C-H bonds in the Protein, fat/lipids and/or carbohydrates. Level 4: Chemical energy Where does the energy go or stay after the change? Level 4: C-C and C-H bonds in monomers like amino acids (for proteins), sugars (for carbs), fatty acids and glycerol (lipids/fats). The chemical energy is conserved through the reaction. Remember: Atoms last forever (so you can arrange atoms into new molecules, but can’t add or subtract atoms). Energy lasts forever (so you can change forms of energy, but energy units can’t appear or go away). Use the process tool to help guide your written explanation. Answer all Three Questions in your explanation. Question: How does a shelf fungus get food to a cell in its fruiting body? (Answer on the back). Level 4: The shelf fungus excretes extracellular enzymes that digest polymers (e.g., starch, proteins, fats, cellulose) into monomers (e.g., glucose, amino acids, glycerol, fatty acids) that can then be taken up by the fungus and transported through hyphae to a cell in the fruiting body. These polymers (large organic molecules) have chemical energy stored in the C-C and C-H bonds, which maintained in the CC and C-H bonds of the monomers (small organic molecules). Level 3 or 2 responses may describe a digestive process of breaking down food, but will state or imply the food is broken down or turned into energy which is then sent to cells. Level 3 responses might include more detail equating digestion to cellular respiration than Level 2 responses. Decomposers Unit Carbon: Transformations in Matter and Energy Environmental Literacy Project 2 Michigan State University