Download Lesson 3 Packet - Burnet Middle School

Name
Date
Class
Content Vocabulary
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Directions: Complete the triangles below. In the bottom left section, write a definition for the term; include the
word transfer in at least one of the definitions. In the bottom right section, draw a picture to illustrate the term.
For the food chain and food web illustrations, include diagrams with arrows.
consumer
1.
2.
producer
3.
5.
46
6.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
food chain
4.
food web
7.
8.
Interactions of Life
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
A. Matter and Energy
1. Most of the
on Earth today has been here since our
planet formed.
2. Matter can neither be created nor
change
, but it can
.
3. As organisms grow, die, and
, matter cycles
through
4.
.
cannot be recycled, but it can change from one form to
another, as when the
to
energy in burning wood changes
and thermal energy.
B. Obtaining Energy
1. Every organism needs a constant supply of
to stay alive.
2. The energy that is used by most organisms on Earth comes from
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
the
.
a. Using the process of
energy,
produce
, some organisms use light
, and carbon dioxide to
.
b. Organisms that use an outside energy source such as the Sun to produce their
own food are called
c. The
.
in food is stored in the
bonds that hold the molecules in the food together.
d. When these bonds break during the process of
,
is released.
3. Organisms that cannot make their own food are called
;
there are four main kinds of consumers.
a.
are consumers that eat plants and other kinds of
producers; some examples are snails, deer, rabbits, and bees.
b.
are consumers that eat herbivores and other types of
consumers; some examples are cats, snakes, hawks, frogs, and spider.
Interactions of Life
47
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Outline continued
c.
are consumers that eat both producers and other
consumers; some examples are bears, robins, pigs, rats, and humans.
d.
are consumers that break down the bodies of dead
organisms; some examples are fungi, bacteria, wood lice, termites, and earthworms.
e. Decomposers help
matter.
C. Transferring Energy
1. Energy can be
from one organism to another in
ecosystems when one organism
another organism.
2. A(n)
is a model that shows how energy flows in an
ecosystem through feeding relationships.
a. A food chain always begins with a(n)
are the source of
community.
because they
for all other organisms in a
b. Energy moves in a food chain from producer to
or
omnivore and then to other omnivores and carnivores, and finally
to
c. The
.
in a food chain show the direction of the energy
3. A model of energy transfer that can show how the food chains in a
community are interconnected is called a(n)
48
.
Interactions of Life
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
transfer.
Name
Date
Content Practice A
Class
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Directions: Circle the term or phrase in parentheses that correctly completes each sentence.
1. Matter can (change form/be created).
2. Some matter (disappears/cycles) through ecosystems as organisms grow, die, and
decompose.
3. Energy can be converted and (recycled/transferred).
4. (Photosynthesis/Cellular respiration) is the process during which some organisms
produce their own food.
5. (Nitrogen/Carbon dioxide) is used during photosynthesis, along with water and light
energy.
6. Organisms that use photosynthesis are called (producers/consumers).
hold food molecules together.
8. (Consumers/Producers) are organisms that cannot make their own food.
9. People eat plants and animals, so they are classified as (omnivores/carnivores).
10. Food chains and food webs are models used to show how (matter/energy) is transferred.
11. A food chain always begins with a (decomposer/producer).
12. To show all the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem, you would use
a food (chain/web).
50
Interactions of Life
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
7. (Photosynthesis/Cellular respiration) is the process that breaks the chemical bonds that
Name
Date
Class
Content Practice B
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Directions: Answer each question or respond to each statement in the space provided.
Question
Answer
1. Describe how matter moves
through ecosystems.
2. Describe how energy moves
through ecosystems.
3. How do producers get the energy
they need to maintain life?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. How do consumers get the
energy they need to maintain life?
5. Compare an herbivore and a
carnivore.
6. Compare a carnivore and an
omnivore.
7. What role do decomposers have
in ecosystems?
8. Compare a food chain and a food
web.
Interactions of Life
51
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Key Concept How do matter and energy move through ecosystems?
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term
is used only once.
chemical energy
converted
created
cycles
destroyed
energy
form
matter
thermal energy
Almost all the (1.)
on Earth today has been here since the
planet formed. Matter can change (2.)
(3.)
or (4.)
(5.)
through ecosystems as organisms grow, die, and decompose.
Unlike matter, (6.)
(7.)
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
, but it cannot be
. Some matter
cannot be recycled. However, it can be
. For example, the (8.)
converts to light energy and (9.)
in a log
when the log burns.
Directions: Draw how matter moves through ecosystems in the space provided.
Interactions of Life
55
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Key Concept How do organisms obtain energy?
Directions: Complete the chart with the correct terms from the word bank in the space provided. Each term is
used only once.
carnivore
decomposer
herbivore
omnivore
Types of Consumers
1.
Eats only plants and other producers.
2.
Eats herbivores and other consumers.
3.
Eats producers and consumers.
4.
Breaks down dead organisms.
Directions: Answer each question on the lines provided.
5. Where does most energy on Earth come from?
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
6. What is a producer?
7. What happens during photosynthesis?
8. What happens during cellular respiration?
56
Interactions of Life
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Key Concept What are the differences between a food chain and a food web?
Directions: On each line, write the term from the word bank that correctly completes each sentence. Each term
is used only once.
ecosystems
energy
energy transfer
food chain
food web
interconnected
models
omnivore
predator
prey
producer
transferred
1. Energy can be
from one organism to another.
2. Food chains and food webs are
used to describe energy
transfers.
3. A model that shows how energy flows in an ecosystem through feeding relationships
is a(n)
.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
4. A food chain always begins with a(n)
because these
organisms are the source of energy for the other organisms in a community.
5. In a food chain,
or
moves from producer to herbivore
, and then on to other consumers.
6. In a food chain, arrows show the directions of
.
7. Most
contain many food chains.
8. A(n)
is a more complex model of energy transfer that can
show how the food chains in a community are
9. In a typical food web, an arrow points from a(n)
a mouse to a(n)
Interactions of Life
.
such as
such as a cat.
57
Name
Date
Class
Key Concept Builder
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
Key Concept What are the differences between a food chain and a food web?
Directions: Use the diagram to answer each question on the lines provided.
Hawk
Berries
Butterfly
Pigeon
Insects
Mouse
Grass
Cat
2. Which organism is an omnivore? How do you know?
3. Which organisms would be affected if the producers disappeared? Explain.
58
Interactions of Life
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. Which organisms in the food web are producers?
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Ecosystems and Biomes
■
Section Summary
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Guide for Reading
■ What energy roles do organisms play in an ecosystem?
■
How does energy move through an ecosystem?
■
How much energy is available at each level of an energy pyramid?
An organism’s energy role is determined by how it obtains energy and how it
interacts with the other living things in its ecosystem. Each of the organisms
in an ecosystem fills the energy role of producer, consumer, or decomposer.
Plants, algae, and some bacteria can carry out photosynthesis. In this
process, the organism uses the sun’s energy to turn water and carbon
dioxide into sugar molecules. An organism that can make its own food is a
producer. Producers are the source of all the food in an ecosystem.
Other organisms cannot make their own food. They depend on producers
for food and energy. An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other
organisms is a consumer. Consumers are classified by what they eat.
Consumers that eat only plants are called herbivores. Consumers that eat only
animals are called carnivores. A consumer that eats both plants and animals is
called an omnivore. A scavenger is a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of
dead organisms. An organism may play more than one role in an ecosystem.
Organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return the
raw materials to the environment are called decomposers. As decomposers
obtain energy for their own needs, they return simple molecules to the
environment to be used again by other organisms.
The movement of energy through an ecosystem can be shown in
diagrams called food chains and food webs. A food chain is a series of
events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy. The first
organism in a food chain is always a producer. The second organism, called
a first-level consumer, eats the producer. The next consumer, called a secondlevel consumer, eats the first-level consumer. A food chain shows just one
possible path of energy through an ecosystem.
Most producers and consumers are part of many food chains. A more
realistic way to show the flow of energy through an ecosystem is a food web.
A food web consists of the many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.
When an organism makes its own food or eats other organisms, it obtains
energy. The organism uses most of this energy for its own life processes.
Only some of the energy will be available to the next organism in the food
web. A diagram called an energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that
moves from one feeding level to another in a food web. The most energy is
available at the producer level of the pyramid. As you move up the
pyramid, each level has less available energy than at the level below. In
general, only about 10 percent of the energy at one level of a food web is
transferred to the next higher level. For this reason, most food webs have
only three or four feeding levels, with few organisms at the highest level in
a food web.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Ecosystems and Biomes
■
Review and Reinforce
Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Understanding Main Ideas
Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Coyote
Hawk
Mouse
Rabbit
Grasshopper
Grass
Alfalfa
1. Which organism in the food web above is sometimes a first-level
consumer and sometimes a second-level consumer? Explain.
2. Choose one food chain in the web. Name all the organisms in that chain.
Start with the producer and end with the top-level consumer.
3. Draw an energy pyramid for the food chain you chose. Label the
pyramid to tell how much food energy is available at each level.
Building Vocabulary
On a separate sheet of paper, write the term that fits each definition below.
4. Organisms that make their own food
5. Organisms that obtain energy by feeding on other organisms
6. Organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return the
raw materials to the environment
7. Consumers that eat only animals
8. Consumers that eat only plants
9. Consumers that eat both plants and animals
10. Consumers that feed on the bodies of dead organisms
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________
Ecosystems and Biomes
■
Enrich
Food Webs at Hydrothermal Vents
Life at a Hydrothermal Vent
Organisms
Obtain food energy from...
Shrimp
Bacteria in the water
Crabs
Remains of other organisms
Giant clams
Bacteria in the water
Bacteria
Make their own food from chemicals in the water
Giant tube worms
Bacteria living inside their bodies
Use the information in the table to respond to the following items.
1. Which organisms are the producers at hydrothermal vents?
________________________________________________________________________
2. Which organisms are first-level consumers?
________________________________________________________________________
3. What type of consumer are the crabs?
________________________________________________________________________
4. In the space below, draw the food web at a hydrothermal vent. Label each
organism to identify its energy role in the ecosystem.
© Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved.
Ecosystems and
Biomes
Deep below the ocean’s surface are strange ecosystems called hydrothermal
vents. Here, heated water rises up through cracks in the ocean floor. The
water contains minerals from Earth’s interior. No sunlight ever reaches these
vents. No plants or algae live there. The table below lists the organisms
found at hydrothermal vents.
Third-Level Consumers (1 kcal)
Second-Level Consumers (10 kcal)
First-Level Consumers (100 kcal)
Producers (1,000 kcal)
Name
Date
Class
Quick Vocabulary
Lesson 1
Lesson 2
abiotic factor nonliving part of an
commensalism symbiotic
ecosystem
atmosphere the whole mass of air
surrounding Earth
biotic factor living or once-living
things in an ecosystem
community all the populations living
in the same area at the same time
ecosystem all the living things and
nonliving things in a given area
habitat place within an ecosystem
that provides food, water, shelter,
and other biotic and abiotic factors
an organism needs to survive and
reproduce
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
population all the organisms of the
same species that live in the same
area at the same time
population density size of a
population compared to the
amount of space available
relationship in which one
organism benefits but the other
neither benefits nor is harmed
competition demand for resources,
such as food, water, and shelter, in
short supply in a community
mutualism symbiotic relationship in
which both organisms benefit
niche way a species interacts with
abiotic and biotic factors to obtain
food, find shelter, and fulfill other
needs
overpopulation when a population
becomes so large that it causes
damage to the environment
parasitism symbiotic relationship in
which one organism benefits while
the other is harmed
predation act of one organism, a
predator, feeding on another
organism, its prey
symbiosis close, long-term relationship
between two species that usually
involves an exchange of food or
energy
host the organism that a parasite lives in or
on in a parasitism interaction.
parasite the organism that benefits by
living on or in a host in a parasitism
interaction.
predator the organism that does the killing
in a predation interaction.
Interactions of Life
prey the organism that does the killing in a
predation interaction
3
Name
Date
Class
Quick Vocabulary
Lesson 3
consumer organism that cannot
make its own food; obtains food by
eating producers or other
consumers
food chain model that shows how
energy flows in an ecosystem
through feeding relationships
food web model of energy transfer
that can show how the food chains
in a community are interconnected
producer organism that uses an
outside energy source, such as the
Sun, and produces its own food
transfer to pass from one to another
herbivore a consumer that eats only plants.
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
carnivore a consumer that eats only
animals.
omnivore a consumer that eats plants and
animals.
scavenger a carnivore that feeds on the
bodies of dead organisms.
decomposer an organism that breaks down
wastes and dead organisms.
energy pyramid a diagram that shows the
amount of energy that moves from one
feeding level to another in a food web.
4
Interactions of Life
Name
Date
Class
Lesson Quiz A
LESSON 3
Matter and Energy in Ecosystems
True or False
Directions: On the line before each or statement, write T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false. If
the statement is false, change the underlined word(s) to make it true. Write your changes on the lines provided.
1. Energy can be recycled through ecosystems as organisms grow, die, and
decompose.
2. Most of the energy used by organisms on Earth comes from the Sun.
3. A food chain is a model that shows how matter flows through an ecosystem.
Matching
Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Directions: On the line before each definition, write the letter of the term that matches it correctly. Each term
is used only once.
4. eats producers and consumers
A. carnivore
5. eats only producers
B. decomposer
6. makes its own food
C. herbivore
7. eats dead organisms
D. omnivore
E. producer
8. eats consumers but not producers
Interactions of Life
61