* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download physio unit 4 Ch22 Ch 23
Remote ischemic conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Cardiac contractility modulation wikipedia , lookup
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia wikipedia , lookup
Electrocardiography wikipedia , lookup
Cardiothoracic surgery wikipedia , lookup
Heart failure wikipedia , lookup
Management of acute coronary syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy wikipedia , lookup
Antihypertensive drug wikipedia , lookup
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Lutembacher's syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Mitral insufficiency wikipedia , lookup
Aortic stenosis wikipedia , lookup
Cardiac surgery wikipedia , lookup
Heart arrhythmia wikipedia , lookup
Quantium Medical Cardiac Output wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
Physio Unit IV Ciculation Learning Objectives 1. What’s the difference between injury current and circus movement? Circus movement tends to develop in enlarged cardiac chambers, whereas injury current has to do with ischemic tissues being unable to repolarize 2. Why does coronary steal syndome happen? Anastomotic channels don’t dilate as well as the rest of the coronary circulation Why is beta receptor stimulation bad for patients with acute MI? Beta receptors will cause the heart to be with enhanced furor 3. 4. What’s the major cause of death after an MI?: rupture, fibrillation, low output, or edema? And by that I don’t mean “sudden cardiac death” (Pathology), which is most often caused by lethal arrhythmias. Decreased cardiac output is the major cause of death after MI Chapter 22 5. What is decompensated heart failure? How is this different from cardiogenic shock? How do you treat cardiogenic shock? Inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to make the kidneys excrete fluid at the necessary rate; treat with diuretics and digitalis i. Edema and overstretch of the heart diminish its effectiveness despite increasing right atrial pressure; sympathetic nerves also get depleted of NTs In cardiogenic shock the heart can’t pump enough to keep the body tissues (and itself!) alive i. Blood volume expanders, vasoconstrictors, and digitalis 6. What causes systemic edema in HF? What are the mechanisms (4)? What causes ANP release? Fluid retention by kidneys increases hydrostatic pressure Reduced arterial pressure, intense sympathetic stimulation constricts afferent arterioles in kidney, RAAS activation + ADH release Stretch of atrial walls 7. How do you treat acute pulmonary edema due to late-stage HF? Tourniquets to sequester blood in the veins, furosemide, oxygen, and digitalis What does a cardiac reserve of 100% mean? This means you can increase output by 100%, NOT that you can’t provide enough output for extra activity 8. 9. What does beriberi do? Weakens the heart and diminishes systemic vascular resistance (increases venous return)=> high output cardiac failure Chapter 23 10. What is the third heart sound? What is the fourth heart sound? Blood rushing into the ventricles mid diastole Only sometimes detected on phonograms; due to atrial contraction 11. What is the sound associated with regurgitation? blowing 12. What is the loudest murmur? Aortic stenosis—heard as a harsh “thrill” 13. Which murmurs are heard during systole? Ventricular septal defect, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, PDA (both systole and diastole) 14. Which murmurs are heard during diastole only? Aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis