Download Unit 5 Test - Ms. Williams

UNIT 5 GEOLOGY TEST
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PART I- Minerals, Rocks, Weathering, Erosion
Which of the following is not included in the definition of a mineral?
a. Naturally occurring
b. Orderly crystal structure
c. Definite chemical composition
d. Organic origin
Rocks are classified according to which characteristic?
a. Where they formed
b. How they formed
c. When they formed
d. What they are made of
Which type of rocks form deep within the Earth’s crust?
a. Invasive
b. Extrusive
c. Intrusive
d. All of the above
Most igneous rocks that cool rapidly at Earth’s surface have_____________
a. Larger crystals
b. Smaller Crystals
c. Large and small crystals
d. None of the above
Which rock type is associated with a change in heat, pressure, and chemical reactions?
a. Metamorphic
b. Sedimentary
c. Igneous
d. None of the above
Which of the following reactions specifically involves CO2 combining with H2O to form
H2CO3?
a. Oxidation
b. Carbonation
c. Acid Precipitatio n
d. Reactions with Water
Which of the following reactions specifically involves burned fossil fuels (i.e. coal and
petroleum) reacting with water molecules?
a. Oxidation
b. Carbonation
c. Acid Precipitation
d. Reactions with Water
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Which of the following is result of weathering and erosion?
a. Soil
b. Ice
c. Snow
d. Rain
For the following questions (10-14), match each soil horizon to its proper description:
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A layer of weathered and broken rock fragments
a. Humus -O horizon
b. Topsoil -A Horizon
c. Subsoil- B Horizon
d. Parent Rock- C Horizon
e. Bedrock- R Horizon
A mixture of organic matter and minerals
a. Humus- O horizon
b. Topsoil - A Horizon
c. Subsoil- B Horizon
d. Parent Rock- C Horizon
e. Bedrock- R Horizon
A layer containing large amounts of minerals and lacks organic material
a. Humus- O horizon
b. Topsoil - A Horizon
c. Subsoil- B Horizon
d. Parent Rock- C Horizon
e. Bedrock- R Horizon
A layer of solid, unweathered, and unbroken rock
a. Humus- O horizon
b. Topsoil- A Horizon
c. Subsoil- B Horizon
d. Parent Rock- C Horizon
e. Bedrock- R Horizon
A layer of organic material, animal remains, and plant remains
a. Humus- O horizon
b. Topsoil- A Horizon
c. Subsoil-B horizon
d. Parent Rock- C Horizon
e. Bedrock- R Horizon
How are soil textures classified?
a. by particle type
b. by particle size
c. by particle composition
d. all of the above
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PART II- Soil, Mass Movements, Plate Tectonics
16. Which of the following is NOT a major component of soil?
a. mineral matter
c. humus
b. air
d. Earthworms
17. A soil that is characteristic of the humid western United States is ________________________.
a. laterite
c. pedocal
b. pedalfer
d. humus
18. Which factor commonly triggers mass movements?
a. saturation of surface materials with water
b. earthquakes
c. removal of vegetation
d. all of the above
19. What is the slowest type of mass movement?
a. a slump
b. a rockfall
c. an earthflow
d. creep
20. Which of the following factors is the main contributor to soil formation?
a. Climate
b. Seasons
c. Earth’s rotation
d. Earth’s core
21. Which kind of soil is described as thick and infertile?
a. Siderite
b. Laterite
c. Dry
d. Pedalfer
22. In the tropical climates, which layer is washed away by the rain?
a. Subsoil
b. Humus
c. Regolith
d. Topsoil
23. At what degree are slopes more likely to hold loose particles?
a. 45 degree angle
b. 90 degree angle
c. 25 degree angle
d. 50 degree angle
24. Which type of soil receives more than 65 cm of rain per year?
a. Subsoil
b. Pedalfer
c. Pedocal
d. Topsoil
25. One kind of evidence that supports Wegener’s hypothesis is that ____.
a. the same magnetic directions exist on different continents
b. major rivers on different continents match
c. land bridges still exist that connect major continents
d. fossils of the same organism have been found on different continents
26. Earth’s geologic history spans over a length of ______________years?
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b.
c.
d.
13.7 billion years
6 billion years
4.5 billion years
6 million years
27. What is the largest unit of geologic time?
a. Era
b. Eon
c. Period
d. Epoch
28. Which of the following states that Earth’s surface consists of rigid, but moving pieces?
a. theory of continental drift
b. theory of plate tectonics
c. plate tectonics hypothesis
d. continental drift hypothesis
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PART III- Plate Boundaries, Earthquakes, Volcanoes
29. What is the driving force for plate tectonics?
a. Wind
b. Radiation
c. Convection
d. Conduction
30 . What type of boundary is associated with gaining crust?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Transform
d. All of the above
31. What type of boundary is associated with losing crust?
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Transform
d. All of the above
32. At which type of convergent boundary would you find folded mountains?
a. Continental- Oceanic
b. Oceanic-Oceanic
c. Continental – Continental
d. All of the above
33. Which of the following is associated with divergent boundaries?
a. Trenches
b. Island Arcs
c. Subduction Zones
d. Rift Valleys
34. Which boundary is associated with subduction zones?
a. Divergent
b. Convergent
c. Transform
d. All of the above
35. Which boundary is associated with the 40,000 mile long Mid- Ocean Ridge (MOR)
a. Divergent
b. Convergent
c. Transform
d. All of the above
Use the diagram below to answer questions ( 36 -39 )
3D Model of a Fault
B
A
36. In the diagram above, which block of rock is the hanging wall?
a. Block A
b. Block B
37. In the diagram above, which block of rock is the foot wall?
a. Block A
b. Block B
38. What type of fault is displayed in the diagram above?
a. Reverse Fault
b. Normal Fault
c. Strike-Slip Fault
d. Thrust Fault
39. What is an earthquake’s epicenter?
a. the place on the surface directly above the focus
b. a spot halfway between the focus and the surface
c. the spot below the focus
d. any spot along the nearest fault
40. How many seismograph readings are required to find the epicenter of an earthquake?
a. One
b. Two
c. Three
d.
41. A seismogram shows that P waves travel
a. at the same speed as surface waves
b. more slowly than S waves
c. at the same speed as S waves
d. faster than S waves
42. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of S waves?
a. they travel more slowly than P waves
b. they temporarily change the volume of material they pass through by compression and expansion
c. they shake particles at right angles to their direction of travel – side to side, like a snake
d. they cannot be transmitted through water or air
43. Where do most earthquakes occur?
a. in the mountains of Africa
b. around the edge of the Pacific Ocean
c. around the edge of the Atlantic Ocean
d. on the western lowlands of Europe
44. True or False- Not all quakes occur at plate boundaries
a. True
b. False
45. What kind of flow is associated with high viscosity lava?
a. Thin flow
b. Thick Flow
c. Mafic Flow
d. None of the above
46. Which type of magma has high silica content?
a. Mafic
b. Felsic
c. Lapilli
d. Basaltic
47. The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called
a. Pyroclastic material b. laccoliths
c. calderas
d. volcanic stocks
48. The broad, slightly dome-shaped volcanoes of Hawaii are
a. composite volcanoes
b. pyroclastic volcanoes
c. shield volcanoes
d. cinder cone volcanoes
49. Which of the following is not a part of a volcano?
a. vent
b. caldera
c. crater
d. head
50. What type of volcano is fairly symmetrical and has both layers of lava and highly explosive pyroclastic material?
a. cinder cone volcano
b. shield volcano
c. pyroclastic volcano
d. stratovolcano