Download The Human Body - Riverdale Middle School

The Human Body
GLE 9 – Relate features of organs to
their functions in major systems.
GLE 10 – Describe the way major
organ systems in the human body
interact to sustain life.
How is your body organized?
CELLS  TISSUE  ORGAN  ORGAN SYSTEM  ORGANISM
Cells
• Basic unit of
structure and
function in a living
thing
• Carry out processes
that keep organisms
alive
• Contain about 100
trillion tiny cells
SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
Tissue
• Next largest unit of
organization in your
body
• A group of similar cells
that perform the same
function.
• The human body has
four types of tissue.
1. Muscle Tissue
• Made up of muscle cells
• Contracts or shortens
making parts of your
body move
• Three types of muscle
tissues: skeletal,
cardiac, and smooth
• Where are the three
types of muscles found?
2. Nervous Tissue
• Made up of nerve cells
• Directs and controls the
body processes
• Carries electrical
messages to and from
the brain and spinal
cord
NERVE TISSUE FOUND IN THE BRAIN
3. Connective Tissue
• Provide support for
your body
• Connects all the parts of
the body
• Some examples: bone
tissue, fat tissue, blood
tissue
4. Epithelial Tissue
• Covers the outside
surfaces of your body
and the inside surfaces
of your body
• Protects delicate
structures that lie
beneath it
CHEEK CELLS GROUPED TOGETHER MAKE UP EPITHELIAL TISSUE.
Organs
• Made up of different
kinds of tissue
• Perform a specific job
that is more complex
than that of a tissue
• What kinds of tissue
make up the stomach?
Organ Systems
• Made up of a group of
organs that work together
carrying out major functions
• Example: Your heart is part
of the circulatory system
which carries oxygen and
other materials throughout
your body.
How do the body systems work together?
How Do You Move?
Muscles and bones work together,
making your body move. The nervous
system tells your muscles when to act.
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• Made of muscles that cause
parts of your body move.
• Skeletal muscles move
bones.
• Cardiac muscles make your
heart beat and pump blood
through your body.
• Smooth muscles are found
in many of your organs.
Move food through your
digestive system. Make you
breathe, cough, and sneeze.
• Some muscles work in
pairs. (biceps and triceps)
SKELETAL SYSTEM
• Made of bones and cartilage.
• Supports your body and gives
it shape.
• Protects your internal organs.
• Allows you to move when
muscles pull on bones.
• Stores minerals such as
calcium.
• Produces blood cells.
• Two or more bones meet at a
joint. Joints allow different
kinds of movement.
Which Systems Move Materials
in Your Body?
The circulatory, respiratory, digestive,
and excretory systems play key roles
in moving materials in your body.
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
• Moves blood throughout your
body.
• Blood carries oxygen and
nutrients to all cells.
• Blood removes carbon dioxide
and wastes from cells.
• Helps fight disease – white blood
cells.
• Organs: heart, blood vessels –
arteries, veins, capillaries
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• Takes in oxygen from
the air you inhale or
breathe in.
• Gets rid of waste gases
(carbon dioxide and
water vapor) when you
exhale or breathe out.
• Organs: mouth, nose,
trachea, bronchi, lungs
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
• Breaks down food into
nutrients that your
cells can use.
• Gets rid of solid wastes
from digestion.
• Organs: mouth,
esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, liver,
gall bladder, pancreas,
large intestine, rectum,
and anus
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
• Removes wastes that your
cells produce.
• Liquid wastes and waste
gases are removed from
your body.
• Organs: kidneys, ureters,
bladder, urethra, skin,
lungs.
Which Systems Control Body
Functions?
The nervous system and the
endocrine system work together to
control body functions.
NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Controls all of your
body’s activities. None
of your other systems
would function without
your nervous system.
• Receives information
about your
environment.
• Stores memories.
• Allows you to think.
• Organs: brain, spinal
cord, nerves, sense
organs
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Controls growth,
development, and
energy processes by
releasing chemicals
called hormones.
• Helps maintain
homeostasis.
• Structures: glands
(thyroid, pancreas,
adrenals, pituitary, and
others)