Download C1 Topic 1 Fundamental Ideas and The Earth REVISION Elements

C1 Topic 1 Fundamental Ideas and The Earth REVISION
Elements and compounds
1. What is an element made up of?
2. What is a compound made up of?
3. What is a mixture made up of?
4. What is a molecule made up of?
5. Which type of bond is made by sharing
electrons?
6. Which type of bond is made when 1 atom
gives electrons to the other?
7. Which type of bond do a metal and non-metal
make?
8. Which type of bond do 2 non-metals make?
A substance made up of only one
type of atom
A substance made up of 2 or more
elements that are chemically bonded
Two or more different types of
atoms not chemically joined
Two or more atoms. They could be
the same or different types
Covalent
Ionic
Ionic
Covalent
Symbols
9. The atomic number shows the number of ….
Protons
10.The mass number shows the number of ……
11.The number of electrons in the outer shell is
the …….. the group number on the Periodic
Table
12. The number of protons is the same as the
number of …………….. in an atom
13. To calculate the number of neutrons we do
the mass number take away the ………..
14. The mass number of Magnesium
Protons and neutrons
15. The number of protons in a Nitrogen atom
7
16. The number of electrons in a Fluorine atom
9
17. The number of neurons in a Lithium atom
4
Same as
Electrons
Atomic number
24
SKILLS – WORKING
OUT THE
SUBATOMIC
PARTICLES
Atoms and subatomic particles
18.What is the centre of the atom called?
Nucleus
19.What is the charge on a proton?
+1
20.What is the charge on an electron?
-1
21.What is the charge on a neutron?
0
22.Where are electrons found?
In the shells, orbiting the nucleus
23.What is found in the centre of the atom?
Protons and neutrons
24. How many atoms can go in the first shell?
25. How many electrons can go in the 2nd and
onwards shells
Groups
2
8
26. What are the elements in Group 0 called?
Noble gases
27. Why are the elements in group 0 unreactive?
Full outer shell
28. What are the elements in group 7 called?
29. What is the word equation for the reaction
of sodium with water?
30. What is the word equation for the reaction
of potassium with oxygen?
Higher Tier
31. What is the balanced symbol equation for
the reaction of sodium with water?
32.What is the balanced symbol equation for
the reaction of potassium with oxygen?
Halogens
Sodium + water
sodium
hydroxide + hydrogen
Potassium + Oxygen
SKILLS –
WRITING
potassium oxide
EQUATIONS
2Na + 2H2O
4K + O2
2NaOH + H2
2K2O
Earth’s Structure (and rocks)
1. List the 4 layers of the Earth
Atmosphere, Core, mantle, crust
2. What is the crust broken into?
Tectonic plates
3. Name 2 events that occur at plate boundaries
4. Which is the largest/thickest layer of the
earth?
5. Which is the smallest/thinnest layer of the
earth?
Volcanoes, earthquakes
6. Which layers make up tectonic plates?
7. Why don’t governments always act upon to
scientist’s predictions of earthquakes?
The mantle
The crust
The crust and upper part of the
mantle
They can’t predict exactly when it
will happen, it costs a lot of money
and takes a lot of time to evacuate
everyone
Continental Drift
8. Name Wegener’s theory
9. What causes the plates to move and where
do they occur?
10. What type of process releases heat?
Continental drift
11. How far do the plates move each year?
A few cm
Convection currents, in the mantle
Radioactive
Earth’s Atmosphere
12. List the gases which make up the
Nitrogen 80% oxygen 20% carbon
atmosphere, with their percentages
13. What made the first atmosphere?
14. Where did the oceans come from?
15. State 2 ways plants and algae have changed
the atmosphere
16. What happens to carbon dioxide in the
oceans?
17. How are humans increasing the
concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere?
Higher Only
18. Why did Miller and Urey use methane,
ammonia and hydrogen for the earth’s early
experiment?
19. Why does Miller and Urey’s experiment only
provide weak evidence?
20. Miller and Urey’s experiment suggested how
………….. …………….. were formed
21. What theory did the Miller and Urey
experiment support?
22. What did the primordial soup theory require
to produce amino acids?
23. What is the process called of how we can
separate air and why is this method possible?
dioxide less than 1%
Volcanoes
Condensation of water vapour
Increase oxygen, decrease CO2
Dissolves
Burning fossil fuels increases CO2
It is what they thought was present
in the early atmosphere
We don’t know for sure what gases
were present, no one was there to
see what happened
Amino acids
The primordial soup theory
Hydrocarbons, ammonia and
lightning
Fractional distillation. The gases in
the air have different boiling points