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Download 1.)$Solar$Power!"!energy!coming!from!the!sun! through!nuclear
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November 28, 2011 Different(Sources(of(Energy 1.)$Solar$Power!"!energy!coming!from!the!sun! through!nuclear!fusion Note!that!the!sun!is!the!source!of!all!other! sources!of!energy!except!for!nuclear!and! geothermal. Energy!Transformations: a.)!photovoltaic!cell!(aka!solar!cell!or!photocell) *!converts!a!portion!of!the!radiated!energy! directly!into!a!potential!difference! (voltage)!but!unable!to!provide!much! current!"!used!to!run!electrical!devices!that! do!not!use!a!great!deal!of!energy *!uses!a!semiconductor b.)!active!solar!heater!(aka!solar!panel) *!designed!to!capture!as!much!thermal! energy!as!possible Advantages!and!Disadvantages: advantages: *"very"clean"production"1"no"harmful"chemical" by1products *"renewable *"source"of"energy"is"free disadvantages: *"can"only"be"utilized"during"the"day *"unreliable"due"to"weather"conditions *"low"energy"density"5"very"large"area"will"be" needed"for"a"signi8icant"amount"of"energy November 28, 2011 2.)$Fossil&Fuels!"!energy!source!from!decayed! plants!and!animals "!coal,!oil!and!natural!gas *!Coal!"!formed!from!dead!plant!matter!that!used!to!grow! !!in!swamps.! !!!! !"!layer!upon!layer!of!decaying!matter!decomposed! !!and!compressed!over!a!long!period!of!time *!Oil!"!formed!in!a!similar!manner!as!coal!but!from! !remains!of!microscopic!marine!life. !! !!"!compression!took!place!under!the!sea *!Natural!gas!"!obtained!as!a!by"product!during!the! !!!!! !!production!of!oil.!It!is!also!possible!to! !!!!! !!manufacture!gas!from!coal. Advantages and Disadvantages advantages: * Fossil fuels are relatively easy to transport * Cheaper when compared to other sources of energy * Can be built anywhere with good transport links and water availability * Can be used directly in the home to provide heating disadvantages: * Combustion products can produce pollution, notably acid rain * Combustion products contain 'greenhouse' gases * Extraction of fossil fuels can damage the environment * Coal-fired power station need large amount of fuel November 28, 2011 3.)$Hydroelectric+Power Energy'Transformations: *'source'of'energy'is'gravitational'potential' energy Advantages and Disadvantages: advantages: * very clean production - no harmful by-products * renewable * source is free disadvantages: * can only be utilized in particular areas * construction of dam will involve land being buried under water November 28, 2011 4.)$Wave%Energy *!not$the$same$as$tidal$power *$aim$to$use$kinetic$energy$of$the$waves$to$ generate$electricity Advantages and Disadvantages: advantages: * very clean production - no harmful by-products * renewable * source is free disadvantages: * don't produce constant supply of electricity * may be costly - wave generators need to withstand storms * uses lots of cables needed to connect to the electricity grid - spoil the view of the coastline * may affect the habitat of marine life November 28, 2011 4.)$Tidal&Energy *!converts)the)energy)of)tides)to)electricity *)kinetic)energy)of)the)water)(tides))is)use)to) generate)electricity Advantages and Disadvantages: advantages: * very clean production - no harmful by-products * renewable * source is free disadvantages: * only a handful of places around the world is best suited for tidal energy to produce sustainable amount of energy * may be costly to build but operating cost is low * may affect the habitat of marine life November 28, 2011 5.)$Geothermal*Energy *!is#thermal#energy#from#the#earth *#Energy#is#from#radioactive#substances#deep# ###within#the#earth.#The#energy#from#these# ###substances#heats#up#the#surrounding#matter# ###;#heat#energy#transfers#outward#towards#the# Earth's#surface Advantages and Disadvantages: advantages: * very clean production - no harmful by-products * renewable * source is free * power station do not take up much room, so less impact on the environment disadvantages: * only a handful of places around the world is best suited for geothermal energy to produce sustainable amount of energy * geothermal sites may run out of steam, perhaps for decades * hazardous gases and minerals may come up from underground and it may be difficult to dispose November 28, 2011 5.)$Nuclear(Energy * many&nuclear&power&stations&use& uranium2235&as&fuel *&fuel&is¬&burned&but&the&release&of&energy&is& achieved&using&a&<ission&reaction *&in&each&individual&reaction,&an&incoming& neutron&causes&a&uranium&nucleus&to&split& apart.&Fragments&are&moving&very&fast;& temperature&is&very&high.&Chain&reaction&is& created. November 28, 2011 Advantages and Disadvantages: advantages: * very clean production - no harmful by-products * the cost is almost the same as a coal power plant so not expensive * produces large amount of energy with a small amount of fuel (uranium) disadvantages: * non-renewable * produces small amounts of waste products but very dangerous (still radioactive) * inexpensive to build but a lot is spent for maintenance and safety * By-products (nuclear waste) can be use to produce nuclear weapons. November 28, 2011 6.)$Biomass *!energy&from&organic&material 7.)&Wind%Energy *!kinetic'energy'from'wind