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Aquatic Ecosystems 2: Habitats ANSWERS: Levels of Biological Organisation: Year 7 to 10 Link the definition with the level of biological organisation: An interacting group of individuals of one species. Organism An entire array of organisms inhabiting an ecosystem. Population Biotic (living) & abiotic (non-living) components of an environment. Community World’s major ecosystems defined by climate. For example, reefs, deserts, polar etc. Ecosystem An individual living thing. Interactions: • • • • • Biomes Interactions determine species distribution and abundance. Interactions between biota include: Competition (-,-) is when organisms compete for a resource such as food, light or space. Predation (+,-) is when one organism benefits by eating something else. Mutualism (+,+) is when both organisms benefit. Commensalism (+, 0) is when one organism benefits and the other is not affected. Parasitism (+,-) is when one organism benefits but the other is harmed. Can you spot any of these interactions at SEA LIFE Mooloolaba? Answer by completing the table below in Pacific Reef and in the Ocean Tunnel: Tank Coral Reef Tank Interaction Competition for light and space Coral Reef Tank Organism #1 Organism #2 Hard Coral Soft coral Clown fish Anemone Coral Zooxanthellae (algae) Cleaner fish/shrimp Fish Parasites Giant grouper N.B. Small parasites are found naturally on the gills of our fish, but our cleaner wrasse keep them in check! SEA LIFE Mooloolaba Education © 2015-2016 side 1 Aquatic Ecosystems: Habitats ANSWERS: Food Webs Year 7 to 10 A food web is made up of several food chains linked together. What are some examples of aquatic consumers and producers? Complete the following in Billabongs, the Ocean Tunnel, or Rockpools. Trophic Level Examples Secondary Consumers and above (i.e. larger carnivores) Primary Consumers (i.e. herbivores, omnivores) Primary Producers (carry out photosynthesis) What is the role of Decomposers? _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Draw your own! Using the plants and animals in the table above, draw your own food web in the box below. Remind students not to forget the decomposers! NRG! Energy, in the form of food, is created by primary producers and passed along the trophic levels of a food web by consumers. The lines in your food web actually show the flow of energy. But not all of it! Only about 10% of the energy stored at each trophic level is available to the next trophic level. The more trophic levels in a food web, the less energy available to top-level consumers. Question: Why do whale sharks and manta rays choose to eat tiny plankton? ___________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ SEA LIFE Mooloolaba Education © 2015-2016 1 unit Secondary consumers 10 units Primary consumers 100 units Primary producers Units of available energy side 2
