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Transcript
Biomedical Treatment What is the biomedical approach to treatment? Drugs, surgery, ECT Types of drugs? Antipsychotics – (schizophrenia) can lead to tardive dyskinesia Antidepressants – (Prozac, Zoloft, Wellibutruin) Antianxiety – can lead to drowsiness (Xanax, Paxil) Somatic therapy (Drug Therapy) • Antipsychotic drugs – alleviate the symptoms of severe disorders such as schizophrenia; Examples: Thorazine, – many work by blocking dopamine receptor sites – Can lead to tardive dyskinesia, (tremors) Tardive dyskinesia Drug Therapy • Psychopharmacology – The prescribed use of drugs to help treat symptoms of mental illness ostensibly to ensure that individuals are more receptive to talk therapies Drug Therapy • Antidepressants and mood stabilizers – Include Prozac, monoamine oxidase (MOA) inhibitors, – lithium carbonate is a mood stabilizer (effective against bipolar disorder) – Treat depression and bipolar disorder – Usually affect serotonin and/or norepinephrine SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin between 2 neurons Drug Therapy • Antianxiety drugs – work by depressing central nervous system activity – Most common side effect - drowsiness – highly addictive, can be fatal when mixed with alcohol – sudden cessation after long-term use can result in severe withdrawal symptoms, including seizures, increased anxiety, and in rare cases, death Xanax, Paxil Drug Therapy in ADHD • Stimulants suppress activity level in persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) • There is controversy from concern that the causes and boundaries of ADHD are vague and the potential exists for overdiagnosis _______ is any technique involving surgical alteration of the brain. a.Ablation lesioning b.Psychosurgery c. Deep ECT d. Psychic surgery 4. The MOST commonly cited side effect associated with anti-anxiety drugs is a) insomnia b) blurred vision c) drowsiness d) tachycardia 9. Prozac and other modern antidepressant medications work to a) block dopamine receptors b) decrease the level of acetylcholine c) break down the MAO enzymes d) block the reuptake of seratonin 11. Valium is a) an antidepressant drug b) an MAO inhibitor c) an antipsychotic drug d) an antianxiety drug 13. Andre suffers from mood swings, alternating from wild episodes of euphoria and spending sprees to motionless staring and hopelessness. If someone from the biomedical approach were to treat his condition, the prescription most likely would be a) Lithium carbonate b) Haldol c) Xanax d) Thorazine Psychosurgery • Psychosurgery – The general term for surgical intervention in the brain to treat psychological disorders – The infamous prefrontal lobotomy is no longer performed – Severing the corpus callosum, however, can reduce life-threatening seizures Brain-Stimulation Therapies • Electroconvulsive therapy ECT is used for the treatment of severe depression • Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a possible alternative to ECT, can also be used for the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder Transcranial magnetic stimulation • Video • • • • 1930’s-1950’s Frontal lobotomy Became Prefrontal lobotomy Muniz won Nobel prize for procedure • Procedure eventually banned – Destruction of personality – Replaced in 1954 by first antipsychotic: Thorazine