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 World History Chapter 9 Sparta and Athens The Big Idea The two most powerful city-­‐states in Greece, Sparta and Athens, had very different cultures and became biWer enemies in the 400s BC. Main Ideas • 
The Spartans built a military society to provide security and protec&on. • 
The Athenians admired the mind and the arts in addi&on to physical abili&es. • 
Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and influence in Greece. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History Chapter 9 Main Idea 1: The Spartans built a military society to provide security and protecNon. • 
Daily life in Sparta was dominated by the army, and boys were trained from an early age to be soldiers. -­‐Spartan men reached full ci&zenship at age 30 and could then move back home, but they stayed in the army un&l they turned 60. • 
Courage, strength, self-­‐discipline, and obedience were the most important quali&es to have. • 
Because men were o`en at war, women had more rights than other Greek women. -­‐They ran the household and owned property. -­‐They also received physical training and some&mes competed with men in spor&ng events. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History Chapter 9 Government • 
Sparta was officially ruled by two kings who jointly led the army, but elected officials actually had more power than the kings. • 
These officials handled dealings between Sparta and other city-­‐states. • 
Sparta’s government was set up to control the city’s helots, or slaves. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History Chapter 9 Main Idea 2: The Athenians admired the mind and the arts in addiNon to physical abiliNes. Boys and Men in Athens • 
Sparta’s main rival in Greece was Athens. • 
Though they also worked to improve their bodies, they had to devote only two years to the army. • 
They learned to read, write, count, and sing. • 
Wealthy boys con&nued their educa&on with a private tutor. • 
Boys from poor families usually became farmers. Girls and Women in Athens • 
Unlike boys, girls received almost no educa&on, because men did not think they needed to be educated. • 
Athenian women had fewer rights than women in many other city-­‐states; in fact, they hardly had any at all. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History Chapter 9 Main Idea 3: Sparta and Athens fought over who should have power and influence in Greece. • 
Sparta and Athens worked together to win the Persian Wars. • 
A`er the Persian Wars, city-­‐states joined an alliance, which historians call the Delian League. -­‐“Alliance” means they agreed to work together. • 
Sparta formed its own alliance, called the Peloponnesian League. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next World History Chapter 9 The Peloponnesian War • 
Sparta declared war on Athens, star&ng the Peloponnesian War. • 
The war lasted for ten years before they decided to call a truce. • 
The war started up once more when Athens tried to expand its empire. The Spartans won. • 
Other city-­‐states started to resent Sparta, leading to a period of war. • 
With the defeat of Athens, Sparta became the most powerful city-­‐
state in Greece. • 
Control of Greece shi`ed from one city-­‐
state to another for years. Previous Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next