Download Organic Molecules Study Guide: Substance Basic Structure

Organic Molecules Study Guide:
Substance
Organic Molecule
Basic
Structure
Functions
Drawing
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Examples
Elements
Building
Blocks
Monomer,
Subunit
How does this
help us?
Short Term
Energy
Makes up cell
membranes
Starch
Fructose
Glucose
Galactose
Sucrose
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
C
H
O
Monosacc
haride
Long Term
Energy
Storage
Cell Membrane
Fats
Oils
Waxes
Steriods
C
H
O
Fatty Acids
Repair Cells
Transports O2
Enzymes
Defense
Lots of
Purposes
Keratin
Nitrogen
Enzymes
Catalysts
hemoglobin
Protein Hormones
Amino
Acids:
Peptide
Bonds,
polypeptide
s
Carries
genetic info
instructions for
protein
DNA
RNA
Nucleiotide
s
Important Words to Know:
Peptide Bonds: joins amino acids together
Glycerol: backbone of lipids.
Organic: made of carbon and once was living
Monosaccharides: simple sugars
Catalysts: speeds up chemical reactions.
Activation Energy: Energy needed to start a reaction
C
H
O
N
P
Polymers: Multiple subunits added together
Optimum: The best. Normally used to describe pH or temperature.
Denature: To change the shape of an enzyme. A denatured enzyme will no longer work.
Glycogen: Sugar that is stored in the human liver in case the body needs quick energy.
Substrate: substance that binds with an enzyme to produce a product.
Which organic molecule is known for insulation? _______lipids__________
Which organic molecule is found in cellular membranes? ________lipids________
Which organic molecule helps with protein synthesis and carries genetic information? __Nucleic
Acids______
Which organic molecule is known for having nitrogen as one of its fundamental elements?
__Protein___
Draw and label a simple pH scale below:
A pH of 3.8 is a strong_____acid________.
A pH of 13.0 is a strong______base______.
A pH of 5.2 is an ________acid_________.
A pH of 9.3 is a__________base_________.
A Neutral pH is ___________7_______.
The acid of the stomach is pH of 3.5. What pH and temperature is optimum for an enzyme in the
human stomach? _______The enzyme would work at pH of 3.5 and a temperature of 98.6
degrees F___________________________________________.
Would an enzyme that works best at 115 degrees Fahrenheit work in the human
body?___No________ What would happen to this enzyme if it was in a human body?_____It
would denature and no longer work______________________________________.
Enzymes work to speed up the rate of reactions by:
Increasing Activation Energy or Decreasing Activation Energy
Why does this make sense? _____Enzymes lower the energy needed so that the body can work
faster. ____________________________
How do you know that Amylase is an enzyme?____________­ase_____________________
How do you know that Sucrose is a sugar?_____________________­ose__________________
Write the optimum temperature or pH for each of the following graphs:
Optimum Temp: 35 degrees
At what temperature does the enzyme denature?
40 degrees
Optimum pH:
Pepsin: pH 2
Salivary Amylase: pH 7
Arginase: pH 10
Optimum pH for Trypsin: pH 8
Optimum Temp for Trypsin: 35 degrees
Benedicts= Monosacchrides
Biuret’s= Protein
Paper Bag= Lipids
Iodine= Starch