Download Biochemistry Review Packet

Name: ____________________________
Biochemistry Review
1. True / False: Joseph Priestly was credited with the discovery of oxygen.
2. Priestly placed a candle in a jar with a plant. The candle went out almost immediately.
However, it relit after 10 days. Why?
3. Use the chemical symbols for oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blanks below:
a. Plants use _____ and make _____.
b. Mice use _____ and make _____.
c. Candles use _____ and make _____.
ATOMS & MOLECULES:
4.
a. Atomic number is the number of _____________________.
b. Atomic mass is the _______________ +
___________________.
Word Bank (Use some
more than once…)
c. ___________________ have a positive charge.
Covalent
d. ___________________ have a negative charge.
Electrons
e. ___________________ have a neutral charge.
Ionic
f. _________________________ bonds occur when atoms
Ions
SHARE _____________________.
Neutrons
g. _________________________ bonds occur when atoms
Molecules
Protons
gain/lose _____________________.
h. ________________ are charged atoms that have gained or lost
________________________.
i. ____________________ are more than one atom joined together.
5. ___, ___, ___, & ___ make up 96% of living matter.
6. Draw the number of bonds that each element from #5 needs in order to be stable:
WATER: (Word Bank: electronegative, hydrogen (2x), negative, polar, positive, unequally, weak)
7. The electrons shared by oxygen and the two hydrogens in a molecule of water are part of a
__________________ covalent bond. This means the electrons are shared
_______________________. Oxygen is much more ____________________ than hydrogen, so it
pulls the electrons with greater force (instead of sharing the electrons evenly). Because of this,
oxygen has a slight _______________ charge, and the hydrogens have a slight _______________
charge.
8. Because water is a polar molecule, the oxygen of one water molecule is attracted to the hydrogens
of a different molecule. This attraction creates a _____________ bond called a
___________________ bond.
pH
9. pH is a scale that indicates how a________________ or b_________________ a solution is. The
scale runs from 0 to ____. Acids are lower / higher (circle one) on the scale.
_________________ is neutral and has a pH of ____.
Biological (Organic) Molecules
10. One ring: ___, ___, ___
11. Two rings: ___, ___
12. Three or more rings: ___, ___, ___
13. Long chains of H and C: ___, ___, ___
14. R group: ___
15. C double bonded to O: ___, ___, ___, ___
16. N present: ___, ___, ___, ___
17. Sugar: ___, ___, ___
18. Cellulose: ___, ___
19. Primary part of cell membranes: ___
20. Head of phospholipid: ___, ___
21. Tail(s) of phospholipid: ___, ___
22. Solid fat at room temp.: ___
23. Liquid fat at room temp.: ___
24. Only single bonds in H-C chain: ___
25. Some double bonds in H-C chain: ___
26. Humans use 20 of these: ___
27. Formation of larger molecule: ___
28. Breaking down of larger molecule: ___
29. Found in DNA or RNA: ___
Choices (Use more than once):
a. Amino Acid
b. Carbohydrate
c. Dehydration Synthesis
d. Disaccharide
e. Glucose
f. Hydrolysis
g. Hydrophilic
h. Hydrophobic
i. Lipid
j. Monosaccharide
k. Nonpolar
l. Nucleic Acid
m. Peptide
n. Phospholipid
o. Polar
p. Polysaccharide
q. Protein
r. Saturated Fatty Acid
s. Starch
t. Unsaturated Fatty Acid
30. Draw the approximate shape of a monosaccharide, a disaccharide and a polysaccharide:
31. Draw a single amino acid. Label the amine group, the carboxyl acid group, and the R group:
32. Draw a dipeptide (a mini-protein made of two joined amino acids):
33. Draw a saturated fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid:
34. Draw a phospholipid and label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
IN THE LAB (Word bank: lipids, nucleic acids, proteins (2x), starches, sugars)
35. Benedict’s tests for ___________________. Biuret’s tests for _____________________. Iodine
tests for _________________________. __________________________ are not soluble in water.
____________________ and ___________________ both have nitrogen.
ENZYMES
36. C_________________________ speed reactions
without being changed themselves. Enzymes are a
type of o________________ catalyst made of
p________________. Enzymes work by fitting like
a bendy puzzle piece to the substrate and then
making or breaking bonds.
37. Explain what the graph to the right is showing:
38. In the Liver Lab, we looked at several factors that affect enzyme reaction rates. Fill in the lines for
the following graphs:
Temperature 
Effect of Enzyme
Concentration on Reaction Rate
Reaction Rate 
Effect of pH on Enzyme
Reaction Rate
Reaction Rate 
Reaction Rate 
Effect of Temperature on
Enzyme Reaction Rate
pH 
Enzyme Concentration 
Pulling it all together:
Body temperatures above 108 degrees F can cause proteins to d_______________________ (melt).
E___________________ are proteins, so high temps cause enzymes to change shape. Since
enzymes work by fitting like puzzle pieces to their substrates, a changed shape means the
enzyme can no longer function.
Likewise, a mutation in DNA can change the shape (and therefore the functioning) of a protein.
A mutation is a change in the n___________________ a______________. This leads to a
change in the order of a_______________ a_____________ of the protein, which, in turn,
changes the shape (and functioning) of the protein.