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ELECTRICITY NOTES OHM’S LAW: The relationship between current, voltage, and resistance. CURRENT: Current carries energy in a circuit. Current only flows when there is a potential difference in energy between two locations that are connected. Always flows from high potential to low potential. Measured in Amperes (A). Electric currents flow out of the positive end of a battery and back to the negative end. The amount of current in the positive end must be the same amount of current flowing into the negative end. Measured with an ammeter placed in series with the circuit. VOLTAGE A measure of electrical potential. The SI unit of voltage is the volt (V). A voltage difference means there is energy to do work; it causes the current to flow in a circuit. Can be called potential difference. Flows from high to low potential. The higher the voltage, the more power is carried by each amp of electric current. Measured with a voltmeter across the conductor. RESISTANCE The measure of how strongly a wire or other object resists the current flowing through it. The total amount of resistance in a circuit determines the amount of current in the circuit for a given voltage. Every device adds resistance to the circuit. The more resistance, the less the current. SI unit of resistance is the Ohm (Ω). ELECTRIC CIRCUITS A complete path through which electricity travels. o Open Circuit – circuit has a break and the current can’t flow. o Closed circuit – circuit is continuous and the current can flow. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM An electrical drawing that shows how the parts of a circuit are connected. Electrical symbols are used to represent each part of the circuit. Wire Battery + _ Bulb Resistor Switch SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS SERIES CIRCUIT One path to follow (See board drawing) Same throughout the circuit Different in different parts of the circuit Add together Criteria Circuit Diagram PARALLEL CIRCUIT More than one path to follow (see board drawing) Current Different in different parts of the circuit Voltage Same throughout the circuit Resistance