Download Diagraming Sentences

UNIT
17
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
Diagraming
Sentences
Diagraming Simple Subjects
and Simple Predicates
465
Diagraming the Four Kinds
of Sentences
466
Diagraming Direct
and Indirect Objects
467
Diagraming Adjectives
and Adverbs
468
Diagraming Predicate Nouns
and Predicate Adjectives
469
Lesson
17.6
Diagraming Prepositional Phrases
470
Lesson
17.7
Diagraming Compound
Sentence Parts
471
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Diagraming Simple Subjects
and Simple Predicates
Every sentence contains a subject and a predicate. To diagram a
sentence, first draw a horizontal line. Then draw a vertical line that
crosses the horizontal line.
To the left of the vertical line, write the simple subject. To the right
of the vertical line, write the simple predicate. Use capital letters as
they appear in the sentence, but do not use punctuation.
Waves crash.
Waves
crash
Be sure to write only the simple subject and the simple predicate in
this part of the diagram. Remember that the simple predicate can
include a helping verb.
breakers
Exercise 1
Diagraming Sentences
The breakers are pounding the rocks.
are pounding
Diagraming Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates
Diagram the simple subject and simple predicate of each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Families arrive.
They began the day early.
Some people are swimming.
A child has found a shell.
Gwen has built a sand castle.
17.1 Diagraming Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates
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17.2
Diagraming the Four Kinds of
Sentences
The simple subject and the simple predicate of the four kinds of
sentences are diagramed below. Note that the location of the simple
subject and the simple predicate in a sentence diagram is always the
same, regardless of word order in the sentence.
DECLARATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
Fishers depend upon the sea.
Do you live near the ocean?
Fishers
depend
you
Do live
IMPERATIVE
EXCLAMATORY
Read this book about the sea.
How majestic the oceans are!
(you)
Read
oceans
are
Diagraming Sentences
In an interrogative sentence, the simple subject often comes
between the two parts of a verb phrase. In an imperative sentence, the
word you is understood to be the simple subject.
Exercise 2
Diagraming Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates
Diagram the simple subject and simple predicate of each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
466
Have you seen an ocean?
Oceans cover about seventy percent of the earth’s surface.
Does our planet look like one large ocean?
Think about that.
How small the continents seem!
The largest ocean on earth is the Pacific Ocean.
Look at the map in this atlas.
Does the Pacific Ocean extend to Japan?
Is the Indian Ocean the smallest one?
Find it on the globe.
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Diagraming Direct and
Indirect Objects
The predicate of a sentence often contains an action verb and a
direct object. In a sentence diagram, place the direct object to the
right of the action verb. Draw a vertical line to separate the action
verb from the direct object. This vertical line, however, does not cross
the horizontal line.
The sea contains many creatures.
sea
contains
creatures
In some sentences, an indirect object comes between the action
verb and the direct object. In a diagram, place the indirect object on a
line below and to the right of the verb. Draw a slanted line to connect
the indirect object to the verb.
Coral reefs give some animals a home.
Exercise 3
Diagraming Sentences
reefs
give home
animals
Diagraming Sentences
Diagram the simple subject, simple predicate, and direct object of each
sentence. If the sentence contains an indirect object, diagram it too.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Sea plants get minerals from the water.
Seaweeds include the long, thin kelp.
Scientists have found animal life at impressive depths.
Many sea animals show us their picturesque behavior.
Some anemones make homes in crab shells.
They attach their bodies to the shells of hermit crabs.
Hermit crabs use the shells of sea snails for homes.
They must protect their soft abdomens.
The crabs twist their bodies into the snail shells.
The Atlantic hermit crab makes itself a home in a whelk shell.
17.3 Diagraming Direct and Indirect Objects
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Diagraming Adjectives
and Adverbs
17.4
An adjective modifies a noun or pronoun. In a diagram, write the
adjective on a slanted line beneath the noun or pronoun it modifies.
Diagram possessive nouns and pronouns and the articles a, an, and
the just as you would diagram other kinds of adjectives.
Our new boat encountered a stormy sea.
boat
encountered
sea
y
m
or
st
a
w
ne
ur
O
An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Note
how adverbs are diagramed.
We
have seen
r
ve st
ne mo
al
Exercise 4
weather
nt
le
vio ch
su
Diagraming Sentences
We have almost never seen such violent weather.
Diagraming Sentences
Diagram each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
468
Winds cause most waves.
Gravity causes the tides.
Earthquakes sometimes create dangerous waves.
Enormous waves move quite rapidly.
Ocean storms frequently cause coastal floods.
A very severe flood damaged a seaside town.
It rapidly leveled several wooden houses.
The inhabitants fortunately escaped.
Their supplies had been washed away.
Most people had never seen a worse flood.
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Diagraming Predicate Nouns
and Predicate Adjectives
In a sentence diagram, the direct object is placed to the right of a
vertical line after the action verb.
peoples
sailed
oceans
the
nt
cie
An
Ancient peoples sailed the
oceans.
Similarly, in a sentence diagram, place the predicate noun to the
right of the linking verb. Draw a slanted line to separate the linking
verb from the predicate noun.
Phoenicians
were
explorers
e
Th
The Phoenicians were
explorers.
ships were
Exercise 5
seaworthy
ite
qu
ese
Th
These ships were
quite seaworthy.
Diagraming Sentences
Diagram a predicate adjective just as you would diagram a predicate noun.
Diagraming Sentences
Diagram each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The ancient Greeks were seafarers.
Roman ships looked graceful.
Viking vessels were numerous.
Historical exploration is a recent development.
Jacques Cousteau became a famous explorer.
17.5 Diagraming Predicate Nouns and Predicate Adjectives
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17.6
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Diagraming Prepositional
Phrases
To diagram a sentence with a prepositional phrase used as an
adjective, follow the model below.
waves crashed
shore
dly
lou
ng
alo
e
Th
The waves along the rocky
shore crashed loudly.
ky
roc
the
The prepositional phrase, along the rocky shore, is connected to the
word that it modifies, the noun waves.
The following example shows the same prepositional phrase used
as an adverb.
crashed
ng
alo
shore
ky
roc
the
Diagraming Sentences
waves
s
ou
orm
En
Enormous waves crashed
along the rocky shore.
The prepositional phrase, along the rocky shore, is connected to the
word that it modifies, the verb crashed.
Exercise 6
Diagraming Sentences
Diagram each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
470
The floor of the ocean has remarkable features.
Many mountains exist beneath the surface.
These mountains below the waves include active volcanoes.
Many Pacific islands are really mountains on the ocean floor.
Deep trenches cut into the South Pacific floor.
Unit 17 Diagraming Sentences
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Diagraming Compound
Sentence Parts
Conjunctions such as and, but, and or are used to join words,
phrases, and sentences, creating compound constructions. When you
diagram compound parts of a sentence, place the second part of the
compound below the first.
sea
The sea and its
products benefit
people.
e
Th
benefit
and
COMPOUND SUBJECT
people
products
its
eat
COMPOUND PREDICATE
creatures
Diagraming Sentences
sleep
a
Se
and
Sea creatures eat and sleep.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
creatures
are
sea
me
So
Some sea creatures
are plentiful, but
others are scarce.
plentiful
but
others are
Exercise 7
scarce
Diagraming Sentences
Diagram each sentence.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fish and shellfish are plentiful ocean products.
The undersea world lives and grows.
Herring and cod are good food.
The ocean is unpredictable, but it lures many travelers.
The water wears many faces, and it shows different moods.
17.7 Diagraming Compound Sentence Parts
471