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Identificación de la unidad didáctica NIVEL LINGÜÍSTICO SEGÚN MCER A.2.1 IDIOMA Inglés ÁREA/ MATERIA Ciencias Naturales NÚCLEO TEMÁTICO Bloque 2: Los seres vivos más sencillos GUÍON TEMÁTICO Características principales de los organismos que comprenden el reino Protoctistas y Moneras, estructura y forma en que realizan sus funciones vitales. Estructura general de los virus y su ciclo de infección. FORMATO Material didáctico en formato Microsoft Word CORRESPONDENCIA CURRICULAR (etapa, curso) 1º de Enseñanza Secundaria AUTORÍA Aurea Mª González Martínez TEMPORALIZACIÓN APROXIMADA 4 sesiones COMPETENCIAS BÁSICAS Conocimiento e interacción con el medio físico. Comunicación lingüística, tratada continuamente en inglés y español. Cultural y artística, realizando esquemas, diagramas, dibujos de los distintos grupos de seres vivos. Autonomía e iniciativa personal, investigando aspectos del mundo vegetal. OBSERVACIONES 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 2 Tabla de programación de la unidad didáctica OBJETIVOS DE ETAPA Identificar las principales características de los microorganismos. Examinar las estructuras vitales de las bacterias Aprender la estructura de los virus CONTENIDOS DE CURSO/CICLO Principales características de los microorganismos Características, estructuras y funciones vitales de los organismos que pertenecen al reino Monera y Protoctista. Características, estructura y ciclo infeccioso de los virus. TEMAS Reino Monera Reino Protoctista Virus MODELOS DISCURSIVOS Clasificar los diferentes micoorganismos Opinar sobre el valor y beneficios de los microorganismos. Definir las partes esenciales de organismos que no son visibles al ojo humano. Describir sobre modelos la estructura de seres sencillos. TAREAS Interpretar diagramas, esquemas. Usar criterios científicos para clasificar a los seres vivos. Analizar textos científicos. CONTENIDOS LINGÜÍSTICOS FUNCIONES: ESTRUCTURAS. LÉXICO Clasificación: As you can see. - It is clasified into It is classified into….. -It is divided into This organelle is made of….. -It is considered As far as I Autotrophs Microorganism Prokariotic Monera Algae Coccus Flagelates Reproduction Protozoa 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 3 to be concern ….. Definición: -It is a type of This part in white represents.. Opinión: Can you spell.. -From my point of view What do you think..? -As I see it Viruses Protoctists Unicellular Kingdom Illness Cytoplasm Organs Tissues Multicellular Eukaryotes Benefits Descripción y Narracción: -That is a kind of -On one hand -To start with -To sum up CRITERIOS DE EVALUACIÓN Poder identificar, describir y clasificar organismos que pertenecen a los reinos Protoctista y Monera. Describir las estructuras y funciones vitales de las bacterias. Describir la estructura y ciclo de infección de los virus. 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 4 UNIT 11.- THE SIMPLEST LIVING THINGS Natural Science 1º ESO Do you know what all these words mean? What are we going to talk about? 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 5 What do you remember? What do all living things have in common? What three vital functions do all living things carry out? What is the chemical composition of all living things? Where can you find microorganisms? In this unit, you will: Identify the main characteristics of microorganisms Examine the structure and vital functionsof bacteria Learn how viruses are structured 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 6 1.- WHAT IS THE PROTOCTISTA KINGDOM? The Protoctista kingdom includes unicellular and multicellular living things. They are all eukaryotes and have no tissues. Protozoa and algae are found in this kingdom. Ciliate protozoa Listen to the following text and fill in the blanks: 1.1.- What are protozoa? The main characteristics of protozoa are: • ________________. • ______________. They feed on bacteria, organic remains and other microscopic organisms. • They live in salt water and ______ water. • Some are __________, and cause illnesses. Vorticella 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 7 1.2.- How many groups are there? There are four groups of protozoa. They are classified according to the way they move: • Flagellates: They move using a flagellum or tail. Trypanosoma causes sleeping sickness. Trypanosoma between blood cells • Ciliates: They move using cilia. Paramencium is shaped like a slipper, it has two nuclei. Paramecium • Rhizopods: They use pseudopods, projections of cell cytoplasm. Entamoeba histolytica causes dystentery. Entamoeba histolytica 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 8 • Sporozoa: No movement. Plasmodium causes malaria. Plasmodium 1.3.- What are algae? The main characteristics of algae are: • Unicellular or multicellular. Unicellular algae sometimes form colonies. Each cell can carry out the vital functions. Therefore, algae have no true tissues or organs. Volvox unicellular algae Unicellular algae 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 9 • Autotrophs. They contain chlorophyll and other pigments which capture sunlight for photosynthesis. They can be classified by their pigment: green, brown or red. • Some live in salt and fresh water, but others live on tree trunks or rocks. Some unicellular algae, like diatomea, float on water forming phytoplankton, and are food for aquatic animals. Diatomea Diatomea • Algae provide food for humans too, for example, ice cream is made from algae. Industrial uses include medicines and fertilizers. Algae pasty 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 10 1.4.- How many groups are there? • Green algae. They are mainly green and live on the surface of salt water or fresh water. For example: Euglena, Ulva. Green algae • Brown algae: They are green and yellowish pigment. They live in salt water, on rocky coasts and on the surface of water. For example: Diatomeas, Sargazos. Brown algae Brown algae 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 11 • Red algae: They are green and red in colour, and they live in warm, still ocean water. For example: Coraline. Coraline Red algae 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 12 Crossword: Can you spell …..? Can you help me with the word in ….? I think the first letter is ….? What do you think ……. is? More activities: 1.- Describe how each group of protozoa move. Example: … move using …, …do not move. 2.- What do algae have in common with plants? 3.- Compare protozoa and algae? …live in… . … are autotrophs, but … are … . 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 13 2.- WHAT IS THE MONERA KINGDOM? a.- First, let’s see the next video about bacteria: b.- And now, listen to the following text and fill in the blanks: This kingdom contains unicellular, ________, prokaryotic organisms. They do not have an organized ___________. Bacteria belong to the _______ kingdom. They can live almost anywhere. They sometimes form _________, but each individual cell remains independent. The first living things on _______, more than 3,500 million years ago, were probably _________. 2.1.- Bacteria nutrition Most bacteria are heterotrophs: they do not produce their own food. Parasites feed off of living things. They cause illnesses like tuberculosis and cholera. 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 14 • Saprophytes live on dead or decomposing matter. They transform organic substances into inorganic substances. Lactobacilo is used to make yoghurt. • Symbionts live on the bodies of other living things to provide mutual benefit. They can be found in the digestive system of many mammals, where bacteria help with digestion. • Some bacteria are autotrophs. For example, cyanobacteria make their own food through photosynthesis. 2.2.- Bacteria reproduction They reproduce by binary fission, producing two daughter cells. Each daughter cell grows and then divides again. 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 15 2.3.- How many groups are there? Bacteria can be classified into four groups by their shape: • Coccus. Spherical • Bacillus. Rod-shaped • Vibrio. Curved-rod shaped • Spirillum. Helical 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 16 Label each 1. L h group oof bacteriaa by theirr shape: 2.- R Read the following f g text and answer the questioons: 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 17 A.- Find words in the text which mean the following. 1. infant: 2. separated: 3. contagion: 4. changes: 5. occupy: 6. attach: B.- Correct the information in each sentence. 1. The bacterium E. coli is in the intestine before birth. 2. E. coli never causes diarrhea among infants. 3. .E. coli is just a commensal organism of the large intestine. 4. An E. coli strain, once established, may persist only for a few days. C.- Think and answer. 1. Who did describe first E. coli? 2. Where did he find it? 3. Can E. coli cause diarrhea in humans? 4. How does E. coli reach the human large intestine? 5. How much time does a E. coli strain persist in our large intestine? 3.- Find the words in the list on the right: Did you find …………….? Can you show me where ………? 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 18 Can you help me with ….. ? I can’t find it. It is in column …. and row .… 4.- A few more activities: 1.- Compare protoctists and monera. Examples: …live in …, … are autotrophs, but … are … 2.- Draw a bacteria cell and label it: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm. 3.- Compare bacteria. Complete the chart: NUTRITION Parasites Saprophytes Symbionts 4.- Compare protoctists and monera. Examples: …live in… . … are autotrophs, but … are … . 5.- Describe how each group of protozoa move. Example: … move using… . …do not move. 6.- What do algae have in common with plants? 7.- Compare protozoa and algae. 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 19 3.- WHAT ARE VIRUSES? Viruses are not cells, so they are not really living things. They cannot carry out any vital functions by themselves. They infect living cells and then can reproduce. They are always obligate parasites: as a result they cannot live independently of their host. 3.1.- What is a virus like? The main characteristics of viruses are: Extremely small. They can only be seen through an electron microscope. Unable to move. Extensive habitat. They are found on the ground, in the air and in the water. Parts of a virus 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 20 3.2.- Virus infection process 1.- The virus enters the cell. 2.- Reproduction: viruses use the infected cell for making the viral components. 3.- Assembly of viral components. 4.- New viruses leave the cell. 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 21 Project: Let’s discuss about viruses Listen to the following information and try to fill in the blanks with the words below: Infectious agent, plants, non-bacterial, ecosystem, virology, virions, DNA, protein coat, shapes, hundredth, light microscope. 1.- What is a virus? 2.- In groups, discuss with your partner: are viruses living beings? In my opinion …. I think that …. I don´t agree with you because… After a few minutes we can share our ideas with the rest of the class. 3.- Finally, the same groups can investigate about a few famous viruses, each group will choose a different one, like: HIV, Influenza, Varicella, etc.. After that, they will make a presentation with their computer with all the information and photos they have been searching for and present it to the rest of the class. 1º de ESO: The simplest living things 22