Download Skin and Body Membranes

Skin and Body Membranes
Body Membranes
 Function of body membranes
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Classification of Body Membranes
 Epithelial membranes
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 Connective tissue membranes
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Cutaneous Membrane
 Cutaneous membrane =
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 Superficial epidermis is composed of
 Underlying dermis is mostly
Mucous Membrane
 Surface epithelium type depends on site
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 Underlying loose connective tissue (
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 Often adapted for
Serous Membranes
 Surface is a layer of
 Underlying layer is a thin layer of
)
 Lines open body cavities that are
 Serous membranes occur in pairs separated by serous fluid
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 Specific serous membranes
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Connective Tissue Membrane
 Synovial membrane
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Integumentary System
 Skin (
 Skin derivatives
)
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Skin Functions (see image)
Skin Structure (see image)
 Epidermis—

 Often keratinized (
 Dermis
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Skin Structure (see image)
 Subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis) is deep to dermis
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)
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Layers of the Epidermis
 Stratum basale (stratum germinativum)
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 Stratum spinosum
 Stratum granulosum
 Stratum lucidum
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 Stratum corneum
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 Summary of layers from deepest to most superficial
 Stratum basale
 Stratum spinosum
 Stratum granulosum
 Stratum lucidum (thick, hairless skin only)
 Stratum corneum
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Melanin
Pigment (melanin) produced by
Melanocytes are mostly in the
Color is yellow to brown to black
Amount of melanin produced depends upon
Dermis
 Two layers
 Papillary layer (
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)
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 Reticular layer (
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)
 Overall dermis structure
 Collagen and elastic fibers located throughout the dermis
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 Blood vessels play a role in
Normal Skin Color Determinants
 Melanin
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 Carotene
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 Hemoglobin
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Skin Appendages
 Cutaneous glands are all exocrine glands
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 Produce oil
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 Most have ducts that
others
 Glands are activated
;
 Sweat glands
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 Two types
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 Open via duct to pore on skin surface
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 Ducts empty into hair follicles
Sweat and Its Function
 Composition
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 Function
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 Odor is from
 Hair
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 Hair anatomy
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 Most heavily keratinized
 Associated hair structures
 Hair follicle
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 Arrector pili muscle
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 Sebaceous gland
 Sweat gland
 Nails
 Scale-like modifications
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 Stratum basale extends
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 Lack of pigment makes them
 Nail structures
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Skin Homeostatic Imbalances
 Infections
 Athlete’s foot (
 Caused by
 Boils and carbuncles
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 Cold sores
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 Infections and allergies
 Contact
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 Impetigo
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 Psoriasis
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 Triggered by
 Burns
 Tissue damage and cell death
 Associated dangers
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)
Rule of Nines
 Way to determine the extent of burns
 Body is divided into
 Each area represents
Severity of Burns
 First-degree burns
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 Second-degree burns
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 Third-degree burns
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Critical Burns
 Burns are considered critical if
 Over 25% of body
 Over 10% of the body
 There are third-degree burns of
Skin Cancer
 Cancer—
 Classified two ways
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(encapsulated)
 Malignant
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 Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer
Skin Cancer Types
 Basal cell carcinoma
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 Squamous cell carcinoma
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 Malignant melanoma
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 Detection uses ABCD rule
ABCD Rule
 A=
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 B=
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 C=
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 D=
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