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LEARNING CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • Involuntary response evoked by a stimulus. UNDERSTANDING CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • Stimulus- something that produces a reaction • Response- reaction to a stimulus • Conditioning- what is learned UNDERSTANDING CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • Neutral Stimulus – stimulus that has no response. • Unconditioned stimulus- stimulus that causes an automatic response that is not learned it is natural. • Unconditioned response- automatic response • Conditioned response- learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral or did not happen • Conditioned stimulus- learned stimulus STAGE 1 – BEFORE CONDITIONING • The unconditioned stimulus (US) produces an unconditioned response (UR) in an organism. • The Neutral Stimulus has no effect on the organism. STAGE 2- DURING CONDITIONING • A stimulus which produces no response (i.e. neutral) is associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) at which point it now becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS). STAGE 3 – AFTER CONDITIONING • Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US) to create a new conditioned response (CR). LETS LOOK AT A FEW EXAMPLES AFTER THE CONNECTION • Extinction – The dying out of a conditioned response by breaking the association between the C.S. and the U.C.S. AFTER THE CONNECTION • Spontaneous Recovery – The return of a conditioned response (in a weaker form) after a period of time. • Ex: When Pavlov waited for a few days and then rang the bell once more the dog salivated again. THE BELL AND PAD METHOD FOR BED WETTING • A bedwetting alarm is an electronic device used as a treatment option for nocturnal enuresis Systemic SIMULATION • Pair up • Decide who A is and who B is • B is the experimenter A is the subject • Experimenter get a simulation description and subjects have a seat and get comfy. CARRY OUT BEFORE WEDNESDAY'S CLASS PREPARE MENTALLY FOR A QUIZ LETS DISCUSS YOUR EXPERIMENTS There will be a test on consciousness and learning on Tuesday! Color coded notes for pages 213 – 219 for next Tuesday OPERANT BEHAVIOR • Learned behaviors designed to gain rewards or punishments within your environment. • Operant response – the environment produces consequences. • Consequences – action that follows a behavior. BF SKINNER AND HIS SKINNER BOX REINFORCEMENT • Process by which a stimulus increases the preceding behavior. Positive Negative Reinforcement Reinforcement Punishment • Reinforcers increase the desire to repeat the behavior. • Punishers decrease the desire to repeat the behavior. • Law of Effect – reinforcement will lead to repeated performance, punishment will suppress performance With punishment, always remember that the end result is to try to STOP the undesired behavior. Negative reinforcing is about getting someone to perform a desired behavior. APPLYING OPERANT CONDITIONING ESSAY • Write an essay that explains why we should reconsider spanking as a form of punishment. In your writing be sure to cite specific information from the info-graph. • Info graph is located on the chapter 5 page under documents. “Operant Conditioning, spanking” COGNITIVE FACTORS IN LEARNING LATENT LEARNING • Much learning can occur without reinforcement. • Tolman and Honzik • Group of rats receiving food at end of maze • Group of rats having no reward explore maze • Food placed at end of mazes, both rats found the end of the maze simultaneously OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING • Observational learning- acquiring knowledge and skills by observing and imitating others. • Learn to eat, speak, play by observation Albert Bandura SHOULD WE BAN VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES? THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE • If a child watches two to four hours a day, he or she will have seen 8,000 to 100,000 murders or acts of violence by the time they have finished elementary school • Children exposed to violence are more likely to see it as acceptable THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE CONT. • Viewing violence leads to emotional desensitization towards real life violence. • Viewing violence leads to real life violence. VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA INSIGHT • Insight learning is a type of learning or problem solving that happens all-of-a-sudden through understanding the relationships various parts of a problem rather than through trial and error. Wolfgang Kohler • Go to the class webpage for chapter 5 • Click on the following image.