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LEARNING
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
• Involuntary response evoked by a stimulus.
UNDERSTANDING CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
• Stimulus- something that produces a
reaction
• Response- reaction to a stimulus
• Conditioning- what is learned
UNDERSTANDING CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
• Neutral Stimulus – stimulus that has no response.
• Unconditioned stimulus- stimulus that causes an
automatic response that is not learned it is
natural.
• Unconditioned response- automatic response
• Conditioned response- learned response to a
stimulus that was previously neutral or did not
happen
• Conditioned stimulus- learned stimulus
STAGE 1 – BEFORE CONDITIONING
• The unconditioned stimulus (US) produces
an unconditioned response (UR) in an organism.
• The Neutral Stimulus has no effect on the
organism.
STAGE 2- DURING CONDITIONING
• A stimulus which produces no response (i.e.
neutral) is associated with the unconditioned
stimulus (US) at which point it now becomes
known as the conditioned stimulus (CS).
STAGE 3 – AFTER CONDITIONING
• Now the conditioned stimulus (CS) has been
associated with the unconditioned stimulus (US)
to create a new conditioned response (CR).
LETS LOOK AT A FEW EXAMPLES
AFTER THE CONNECTION
• Extinction – The dying out of a conditioned
response by breaking the association
between the C.S. and the U.C.S.
AFTER THE CONNECTION
• Spontaneous Recovery – The return of a
conditioned response (in a weaker form) after a
period of time.
• Ex: When Pavlov waited for a few days and then
rang the bell once more the dog salivated again.
THE BELL AND
PAD METHOD FOR BED WETTING
• A bedwetting alarm is an electronic device used
as a treatment option for nocturnal enuresis
Systemic
SIMULATION
• Pair up
• Decide who A is and who B is
• B is the experimenter A is the subject
• Experimenter get a simulation description and
subjects have a seat and get comfy.
CARRY OUT BEFORE WEDNESDAY'S CLASS
PREPARE MENTALLY FOR A QUIZ
LETS DISCUSS YOUR EXPERIMENTS
There will be a test on consciousness and
learning on Tuesday!
Color coded notes for pages 213 – 219 for
next Tuesday
OPERANT BEHAVIOR
• Learned behaviors designed to gain rewards
or punishments within your environment.
• Operant response – the environment produces
consequences.
• Consequences – action that follows a behavior.
BF SKINNER AND HIS SKINNER BOX
REINFORCEMENT
• Process by which a stimulus increases the
preceding behavior.
Positive
Negative
Reinforcement Reinforcement Punishment
• Reinforcers increase the desire to repeat
the behavior.
• Punishers decrease the desire to repeat
the behavior.
• Law of Effect – reinforcement will lead to
repeated performance, punishment will
suppress performance
With punishment, always remember that the
end result is to try to STOP the undesired
behavior.
Negative reinforcing is about getting
someone to perform a desired behavior.
APPLYING OPERANT CONDITIONING
ESSAY
• Write an essay that explains why we should
reconsider spanking as a form of punishment. In
your writing be sure to cite specific information
from the info-graph.
• Info graph is located on the chapter 5 page
under documents. “Operant Conditioning,
spanking”
COGNITIVE FACTORS IN
LEARNING
LATENT LEARNING
• Much learning can occur without reinforcement.
• Tolman and Honzik
• Group of rats receiving food at end of maze
• Group of rats having no reward explore maze
• Food placed at end of mazes, both rats found the end of
the maze simultaneously
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
• Observational learning- acquiring knowledge
and skills by observing and imitating others.
• Learn to eat, speak, play by observation
Albert Bandura
SHOULD WE BAN VIOLENT VIDEO
GAMES?
THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE
• If a child watches two to four hours a day, he or
she will have seen 8,000 to 100,000 murders or
acts of violence by the time they have finished
elementary school
• Children exposed to violence are more likely to
see it as acceptable
THE EFFECTS OF MEDIA VIOLENCE
CONT.
• Viewing violence leads to emotional
desensitization towards real life violence.
• Viewing violence leads to real life violence.
VIOLENCE IN THE MEDIA
INSIGHT
• Insight learning is a type of learning or problem
solving that happens all-of-a-sudden through
understanding the relationships various parts of a
problem rather than through trial and error.
Wolfgang Kohler
• Go to the class webpage for chapter 5
• Click on the following image.