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Grammar Bomb Essentials Eight Parts of Speech Noun person, place, thing, idea teacher, Moore, desk, hope Pronoun takes the place of a noun he, she, her, anyone, something Verb shows action (AV) or state of being (LV) AV: ran, shoved, spoke LV: is, was, appeared HV: has, have, will, must, is, am Preposition relationship words (like squirrels relationship with a tree) up, around, in, inside, over, under, down Adjective describes nouns and pronouns Adverb describes verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs green, three, beautiful, apathetic, enthusiastic very, not, quickly, defiantly Conjunction connecting words Interjection words of exclamation or emotion and, but, yet, or Oh! Well, Ouch. while, although, since Parts of the Sentence Subject + Predicate (noun or pronoun along w/ modifiers) + (verb or verb phrase, along w/ modifiers). Ex. Ms. Durham, cranky and loud, Pronoun Case st 1 Person Singular 1st Person Plural 2nd Person Singular 2nd Person Plural 3rd Person Singular 3rd Person Plural 3rd Person Indefinite + still loves all her students. Nominative Case Objective Case Possessive Case I we you you he, she, it they who me us you you him, her, it them whom mine our, ours your, yours your, yours his, her, hers, its their, theirs whose Sentence Grammar Analysis (in 5 Steps) 1. (pp) Bag up the garbage – note all prepositional phrases – (preposition + object of the preposition). 2. S To find the subject, ask, “Who or What is this sentence about?” (Do-er of the action or Be-er of description) 3. V To find the verb, ask, “…did what?” or “what’s the action or state of being?” 1 Different Kinds of Verbs Action Verbs Linking Verbs (State of Being) Linking Verbs (sometimes they act as action verbs – but when they connect the subject to description, they are linking verbs) Helping Verbs (when they are part of a verb phrase w/ a main verb – might have given) hit, walk, thrust, fizzle, throw, guess, chat, explode am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been appear, remain, sound, look, smell, taste, feel am, are, is, was, were, be, been, have, has, had, will, would, may, might, must, can, could, shall, should 4. AV or LV? Does the verb show action or state of being (linking subject to description)? 5. Depending on the verb, action verb (AV) or linking verb (LV), you will identify the completer(s). a. AV DO Who/What receives the action directly? DO IO? Who/What receives the action indirectly? b. LV What word describes or renames the subject? PA Describes = adjective = Predicate Adjective PN Renames = noun = Predicate Nominative P Prepositions = relationship words connecting nouns and pronouns to the details of time, space, and direction. Prepositional Phrases = preposition = object of the preposition (around the corner) Some Common Prepositions: aboard about above across after against along amid among anti around as at before behind below beneath beside besides between beyond but by concerning considering despite down during except excepting excluding following for from in inside into like minus near of off on onto opposite outside over past per plus regarding round save since than through to toward towards under underneath unlike until up upon versus via with within without 2