Download Lesson 2 Reform and Reaction

Lesson 2
Reform and Reaction
MAIN IDEAS
Government The spread of Luther’s ideas changed European politics.
Belief Systems Different Protestant movements developed quickly
throughout Europe.
Belief Systems The Catholic Church developed new ways to spread its
message and counter the spread of Protestantism.
Luther’s Ideas Spread
ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were some of the results of Luther’s ideas?
The Printed Word
• Lutherʼs ideas spread by trade routes, priests, worshipers, printing
• Printers began making Bibles in local languages (not just Latin)
- more people read, interpreted Bible; this threatened Church authority
- Catholic Church felt religious teaching must be through clergy
The Peasants’ Revolts
• European peasants sought better pay, living conditions, more rights
• Believed Lutherʼs ideas of freedom meant Godʼs support for revolt
- Luther condemned these revolts, which were mostly unsuccessful
Religious Wars
• Holy Roman Emperor Charles V made Luther an outlaw in 1521
• Many German Lutheran princes waged war on Charles V
• Lutheran, Catholic princes signed Peace of Augsburg treaty in 1555
REVIEW QUESTION
Why did religious division have such a dramatic political impact?
Chapter 14: The Reformation
World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times 1
The Reformation Grows
ESSENTIAL QUESTION What were some of the different Protestant
movements that developed throughout Europe?
Calvinism
• Lutherʼs ideas led to many different interpretations of the Bible
• John Calvin—French reformer; belief system known as Calvinism
- believed in predestination—God chose those for salvation before birth
- some people born condemned
• Calvinʼs ideas spread
The Church of England
• Reformation in England began when King Henry VIII wanted a divorce
• Pope refused and Henry left the Roman Catholic Church
• Henry founded the Church of England (Anglican Church)
- maintained Catholic beliefs but rejected power of pope
• William Tyndale wanted complete Anglican break from Catholicism
- Catholic officials executed him
- reform battle in England raged on
REVIEW QUESTION
How did the Reformation affect England?
Chapter 14: The Reformation
World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times 2
The Counter Reformation
ESSENTIAL QUESTION What was the Counter Reformation?
The Council of Trent
• High-level Church officials met to reform and define Catholic faith
- wanted to clarify difference between Catholicism, Protestantism
• Protestants: truth only in Bible; Council: truth in Church tradition
The Jesuits
• Jesuits—Society of Jesus; new religious order formed in 1530s
• St. Ignatius of Loyola—Spaniard who founded Jesuit order
• Jesuits balanced faith and reason; their training was military-like
The Inquisition
• Inquisition—court investigated any who “wandered” from Catholicism
- Church used intimidation, torture to force confessions of sins
- being a Protestant was a punishable sin
• Spanish Inquisition was the most well known and the most brutal
• Church identified and burned forbidden books like Protestant Bible
• By end of 1500s, Counter Reformation had been largely successful
REVIEW QUESTION
What tools did the Catholic Church use against the spread of
Protestantism?
Lesson Summary
• Printing in local languages helped spread Lutherʼs ideas. These ideas sparked
revolts and wars.
• New faiths emerged during the 16th century, as people began to interpret the
Bible in different ways.
• The Counter Reformation was a movement of internal renewal as well as a
response to the spread of Protestantism.
Why It Matters Now . . .
Both Protestant and Catholic churches have widespread influence throughout the
world today.
Chapter 14: The Reformation
World History: Medieval and Early Modern Times 3