Download Unit 2 Student Parent Eve

Unit 2: Hazards and
Tourism
Quick guide to the evening
Resource Skills
• Maps
• Continents
• Oceans
• Direction
• Diagrams
• Photos
• Articles
• Opinions
Using a map:
Use numbers to identify the following (you
should know these really)
1. North America
2. South America
3. Europe
4. Asia
5. Africa
6. Oceania
Longitude and latitude:
a) Identify the country found at
25°N, 80 °E
b) 14 °S, 50 °W
c) What is the latitude and longitude
of Australia?
Locating hazards…
Shade in the area where tropical storms are likely to form
Locating hazards…
Where is a tropical storm most likely to occur?
A
D
B
E
Explain your answer…
Why might you need to change your answer in the future?
C
Locating hazards…
Circle and label the following on your map.
1. Plate boundary
2. Constructive plate boundary
3. Destructive plate boundary
4. Middle of a tectonic plate
Sometimes the world might
appear a ‘different way
around’ on a plate tectonic
map…but it is the same world!
Tectonics, soup, bread and
chocolate?
Why do tectonic plates
move and what happens when
they do?
Question match up
• Read the exam questions and answers
carefully
• Match the answer to the correct question
• What score would you give each answer?
• Note: the answers may seem similar so make
sure you pick the answer most suited to the
question
Explain why there are
volcanic eruptions in
the area shown as A
on Figure 1. (5 marks)
Explain why either earthquakes or
tropical storms occur (4 marks)
Explain the causes of either earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions (4 marks).
Describe the possible effects of
temperature increase on either tropical
storms or wildfires (5 marks)
Answer A
• Earthquakes occur when the pressure builds up between 2
tectonic plates at a plate boundary. Plates move due to the
convection currents (circulating magma in the mantle layer)
underneath the earth’s crust. A sudden movement of the
plates releases pressure and sends out shock waves, causing an
earthquake. Earthquakes are most common on conservative or
destructive plate margins. Earthquakes are very common along
the San Andreas fault.
Answer B
• The frequency of tropical storms could increase in the future.
An increase in global temperature could cause sea temperature
to rise. This means that the conditions for tropical storms to
form could be located in areas other than 10-30° and south of
the equator. An increase in temperature could also cause
tropical storms to increase in magnitude. Storms could also
last for longer than they currently do, perhaps leading to
storms combining to form even large storm systems.
Temperature increase could also climate patterns such as El
Nino events.
Answer C
• Point A is located on a constructive boundary. This means
that the tectonic plates are moving apart due to the
convection currents in the mantle layer. When the plates
are pulled apart, a gap is created between the Eurasian
Plate and the North American Plate. This allows magma to
rise to the surface and when there is a change in pressure,
lava erupts from the earth’s surface. Over time, the lava
will cool and solidify, resulting in new land being formed.
Answer D
• Volcanoes are caused when magma from the mantle
layer reaches the surface of the earth. Tectonic
plates move in certain ways that allow magma
through to the surface. Convection currents work
within the mantle layer whereby magma is heated by
the core and rises. This movement causes the plates
to move. Plates either move towards each other or
away. When a dense oceanic plate moves towards a
continental plate, the oceanic plate gets subducted
underneath the continental. The oceanic plate
breaks up and forced to the surface. This is a
volcano. On a constructive boundary, plates are
forced apart and magma rises to the surface,
therefore causing an eruption.
Describe the possible effects of
temperature increase on either tropical
storms or wildfires (5 marks)
• The frequency of tropical storms could increase in the future.
An increase in global temperature could cause sea temperature
to rise. This means that the conditions for tropical storms to
form could be located in areas other than 10-30° and south of
the equator. An increase in temperature could also cause
tropical storms to increase in magnitude. Storms could also
last for longer than they currently do, perhaps leading to
storms combining to form even large storm systems.
Temperature increase could also climate patterns such as El
Nino events.
Explain why either earthquakes or
tropical storms occur (4 marks)
• Earthquakes occur when the pressure builds up between 2
tectonic plates at a plate boundary. Plates move due to the
convection currents (circulating magma in the mantle layer)
underneath the earth’s crust. A sudden movement of the
plates releases pressure and sends out shock waves, causing an
earthquake. Earthquakes are most common on conservative or
destructive plate margins. Earthquakes are very common along
the San Andreas fault.
Explain why there are
volcanic eruptions in
the area shown as A
on Figure 1. (5 marks)
• Point A is located on a constructive boundary. This means
that the tectonic plates are moving apart due to the
convection currents in the mantle layer. When the plates
are pulled apart, a gap is created between the Eurasian
Plate and the North American Plate. This allows magma to
rise to the surface and when there is a change in pressure,
lava erupts from the earth’s surface. Over time, the lava
will cool and solidify, resulting in new land being formed.
Explain the causes of either earthquakes or
volcanic eruptions (4 marks).
• Volcanoes are caused when magma from the mantle
layer reaches the surface of the earth. Tectonic
plates move in certain ways that allow magma
through to the surface. Convection currents work
within the mantle layer whereby magma is heated by
the core and rises. This movement causes the plates
to move. Plates either move towards each other or
away. When a dense oceanic plate moves towards a
continental plate, the oceanic plate gets subducted
underneath the continental. The oceanic plate
breaks up and forced to the surface. This is a
volcano. On a constructive boundary, plates are
forced apart and magma rises to the surface,
therefore causing an eruption.
Impacts of Earthquakes and
Volcanoes
• You are likely to have
to either recall or
use a resource to
describe the effects
of earthquakes
and/or volcanoes.
• Use the video clip and
article to add ideas
to your case study
table.
Impacts of Earthquakes and
Volcanoes
Effects of
Earthquakes and
Volcanoes
Volcanic eruptions
Earthquakes
Primary
Secondary
Impacts of Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Effects of
Earthquakes
and
Volcanoes
Volcanic
eruptions
Earthquakes
Primary
Secondary
However….
• People still choose to live near volcanoes!
• Why?
Hazard Management
• Sort the management options into the type of
hazard they could help to manage
• You may find that some options are suitable to
manage more than one hazard
• Some options are more suitable for MEDC’s than
LEDC’s
• Some options are more suitable for individual
home owners and some are more suitable for
governments and emergency services.
• What other management strategies are there
for hazards?
Hazard
Management
Hazard map
Education
programme in
schools
Tropical
Storms
(TS)
Building roof
weights
Cross bracing
Earthquakes
(E)
Volcanic
Eruptions
(V)
Wildfires
(W)
MEDC
LEDC
Radio
communication
Volunteer
groups to clear
debris
Retrofitting
Geographical
Information
System (G.I.S)
Homes on stilts
Educational
cartoon
characters
Monitoring
Awareness
campaign
Education for
women
Automatic
window
shutters
Attach
furniture to
walls
Appropriate
technology
Strong roofing
Emergency kit
TV adverts
Sloped roof
Automatic
sprinkler
system
Tilt meters
Evacuation plan
Water air
drops
Weather
forecasting
Deep
foundations
Aerial photos
Windproof
tiles
Fire lines
Clear drains
Local training
programmes
Rubber shock
absorbers
Restrict access
Cyclone
shelters
Backfire
Evacuation
Causes of tropical storms
• Use your whiteboards to create a diagram to
show how tropical storms form
• You have 30 seconds to begin your diagram
• After that, we will begin to describe how
tropical storms form
• Use the additional information to add to
your diagram
• If you are confident with tropical storm
formation, try adding case study information
onto your mini whiteboard
Tropical storm formation
http://news.bbc.co.uk/cbbcnews/hi/newsid_4020000/newsid_4022100/4022129.stm
Effects of
tropical storms
Effects of
tropical storms
Primary
Secondary
Counting the
costs of
tropical storm
damage
Decide upon
your opinion
to this
question.
Then, list 3
reasons why
you have
come to that
opinion.
Make sure
you can back
up your ideas
with
evidence.
Yes because…
•
•
•
Management and protection methods
are very expensive
• MEDC countries have more
money per person ($48,000 per
person compared to $520 per
person in LEDC’s) and can
therefore afford high
technology solutions.
Communication methods are
important to send messages and
information about weather forecasts
and evacuation plans.
• In MEDC’s, 99% of people have
access to a TV, compared to
40% in LEDC’s. Therefore, more
people in LEDC’s are isolated
from communication about
hazards.
Learning about hazards and providing
education are important to ensure
people know how to stay safe and how
to keep their property safe.
• In MEDC’s 97% of people are
enrolled in school. This means
they can access information
easier. For example, Smokey
the Bear is a character used in
schools in America to educate
children about fire safety.
No because…
•
•
•
There are many methods to keep
people safe that do not need to be
expensive. For example, MEDC’s may
have $48,000 per person but in many
communities, people work together to
prepare plans and build hazard
shelters.
Even though it would certainly help
for people to have access to TV’s and
the internet, many communities find
ways to send messages. For example,
in some LEDC’s, different flags are
used to warn people of an
approaching tropical storm.
Learning about hazards and providing
education are important to ensure
people know how to stay safe and how
to keep their property safe.
• Different methods are used to
educate people about hazards.
For example, in some LEDC’s
where people may not be able to
read and write, pictures are
displayed in community areas to
explain the action people have
to take when a hazard
approaches or occurs.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Revision Idea
Try a memory game. Draw all of
the pictures onto small cards.
Then, ask someone to take one
away. Your job is to guess which
one is missing.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Causes of wildfires
On this slide you have many different images to show
the causes of wildfires. Label each and sort them into
human or physical causes.
Effects of Wildfires
5 marks
Possible
answers
5 marks
3700 travellers were impacted
as trains from Madrid to
Zaragoza were cancelled.
500 people had to be evacuated from
their homes. Housing these people is very
difficult and expensive.
Emergency services struggled to
cope with all of the wildfires. People
were put under extreme pressure to
deal with the situation.
Coastal areas were damaged. This would have
left problems along this environment including
dead plants, ruined buildings and inaccessible
roads.
Farmers livelihoods were ruined when crops
were destroyed.
Plants and crops were lost, including
200 hectares of pines and olive
tress.
Deaths: 5 firemen were killed.
Buildings were destroyed leaving
many people homeless and
businesses lost.
Wildfire management
• On your desks are mini whiteboards with a
satellite diagram of a wildfire burning right
now.
• The diagram also shows wind direction and
other conditions you should be aware of.
• Use your white board pens to annotate
around the diagram to show what action
should be taken.
• Make sure you consider a range of groups
and individuals.
Quick recap
• Refer to your revision questions
• On your tables, run through a few of these
and see how you get on with answering them.
Part 2: Tourism
The Global Pattern of
Tourism
• On your table you have a prop
• What does your prop have to do with the
pattern of global tourism?
Development
Gap
How can tourism be used to
reduce the development gap?
How can I
get up there?
It’s not fair!
Annotate around the image to describe local
and global problems created by tourism
Annotate around the image to describe local
and global problems created by tourism
The Lake District: A local case study showing tourism opportunities, benefits,
problems and management.
The Lake District: A local case study showing tourism opportunities, benefits,
problems and management.
Map tasks:
1. Explain why the area within 4199 is a popular choice for tourists? (4 marks)
2. Explain why conflict between locals and tourists could occur in square 3998
(4 marks).
3. Describe the physical characteristics in square 4302 (3 marks).
4. Describe how a tourist could access Windermere from square 4002 (3 marks).
Why has tourism declined here?
What effect has the decline of tourism had?
Sandown has recently experienced a decline
in tourism…what problems has this led to?
The story of Bernard Benidorm and
Carly Costa Rica
Bernard Benidorm
Carly Costa Rica
Exam Question Practice
Try marking these…
Ecotourism is where local people protect the
environment and are sustainable.
Tourists can go on bike rides.
Tourists can eat outside.
Try marking these…
Ecotourism is where local people protect the
environment and are sustainable.
Tourists can go on bike rides.
Tourists can eat outside.
0
0
0
Try marking these…
Ecotourism is where local people protect the
environment and are sustainable.
Tourists can go on bike rides.
Tourists can eat outside.
Try marking these…
Ecotourism is tourism where tourists can enjoy the
local environment without causing it too much
damage. Tourists in Benidorm cause lots of damage.
The lodges are low to the ground and look like they are built of local
materials to make sure they don’t ruin the natural environment.
The activities look fun.
1
1
0
Try marking these…
Ecotourism is where local people protect the
environment and are sustainable. The activities
tourists take part in are aimed at educating tourists
about the local environment while enjoying it at the
same time. Ecotourism aims to work with the
environment rather than ruin it.
The lodges are low to the ground and look like they are built of local
materials to make sure they don’t ruin the natural environment.
Tourists can enjoy a range of activities which have a
minimal impact on the environment. They can also
learn about local culture by visiting the local village.
Try marking these…
Ecotourism is where local people protect the
environment and are sustainable. The activities
tourists take part in are aimed at educating tourists
about the local environment while enjoying it at the
same time. Ecotourism aims to work with the
environment rather than ruin it.
The lodges are low to the ground and look like they are built of local
materials to make sure they don’t ruin the natural environment.
Tourists can enjoy a range of activities which have a
minimal impact on the environment. They can also
learn about local culture by visiting the local village.
2
1
1
http://www.aqa.org.uk/subje
cts/geography/gcse/geograp
hy-b-9035/past-papers-andmark-schemes
Thank you for coming everyone.
Any questions?
Good luck to each and every
student. We believe that with
continued hard work, you can all
achieve your potential. Go for
it…you know it!