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BUITEMS Quality & Excellence in Education Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences BALOCHISTAN UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, QUETTA Sociology: Sociology is a branch of social sciences that uses systematic methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis about human social structure. It encompasses all social aspects of human’s life. Sociology is the broad discipline in terms of both methodology and subject matter. It deals with the general processes of the society hence social sciences share certain traits with sociology. 1. Relationship of sociology with Economics 2. Relationship of sociology with Political Science 3. Relationship of sociology with History 4. Relationship of sociology with psychology 5. Relationship of sociology with Anthropology 6. Relationship of sociology with Criminology 7. Relationship of sociology with Management 8. Relationship of sociology with Statistics 9. Relationship of sociology with HR 1. Relationship of sociology with Economics Sociology and Economics as social sciences have close relations. Relationship between the two is so close that one is often treated as the branch of the other, because society is greatly influenced by economic factors, and economic processes are largely determined by the environment of the society. Economics deals with the economic activities of man. It deals with production, consumption and distribution of wealth. The economic factors play a vital role in the very aspect of our social life. Total development of individual depends very much on economic factors. Without economic conditions, the study of society is quite impossible. All the social problems are directly connected with the economic conditions of the people. That is why Marshall defines Economics as "on one side the study of wealth and on the other and more important side a part of the study of man." In the same way Economics is influenced by Sociology. Without the social background the study of Economics is quite impossible. Sociologists have contributed to the study of different aspects of economic organization. Property system, division of labor, occupations etc. are provided by a sociologist to an economist. The area of co-operation between Sociology and Economics is widening. Economists are more and more making use of the sociological concepts in the study of economic problems. Economists are working with the sociologists in their study of the problems of economic development in underdeveloped countries. Combined efforts of both the experts may be of great practical help in meeting the challenges. 2. Relationship of sociology with Political Science Sociology and political science are also related in the sense that they both concern the welfare of people in a society. Political science basically deals with the distribution of power and the exercise of power ,democracy, dictatorship, communism, how people vote etc. sociology has its roots in politics. These two subjects have much common in subject matters. The important point is that king of any place is social as well as political. There is no separate existence without each other. Both sciences explain the interdependency between man and society. Political science says man is political while sociology say man is social. Both need a group of people ,where he interacts. The process of socialization is done by both sciences. Both are helpful in development of social an political consciousnesses. both sciences are complementary to each other. Sociology makes theories for people and political science try to implement it. The only difference between these two sciences is Sociology is science of society which studies all organized and unorganized activities while political science is science of society which studies only organized activities. 3. Relationship of sociology with History: Both social sciences are now a days coming nearer to each other. Some time ago history was considered as science of some dates, places and struggles. But now people have realizes that why the particular event in history occurred? What was form of the same? In short history is another social science which is related to erect society and sociology. History primarily deals with past events and how they affected society e.g. how the Indo-Pak partition ,compel Sindhu(Hindu word it self has originated from Sindhu_)to prove themselves laborious, on the other end will be concerned with how people interacted, how culture was affected etc during the present and before the partition . Sociology takes help from history in mater of present studies. By comparing between occurring past and present events, one can estimate the factors responsible for occurring that event. Sociology is obvious in history in that the social interactions of individuals have effected history, and then of course there is the history of Sociology itself. There are so many institutions, like family ,tribe, culture, folkways, mores, tradition ,social movements, social changes etc, who have historical background of occurring. On the basis of that we can understand present situation , and try to organized accordingly. In sociological research studies, Historical method of study is very relevant and important. Historically history is the area of study of Sociology. 4. Relationship of sociology with Psychology: Sociology and Psychology are closely related with each other. Psychology is the study of human behavior. The psychologists study such phenomena as perception, attitudes and values and their influence. Psychology depends on sociology for understanding human nature properly. Sociology provides necessary materials regarding the structure, organization and culture of society, in which human behavior is born. For examples, the structure of family, caste groups, class groups, etc. influence human behaviors. The psychologists must take into account those factors in explaining human behavior. The psychologists while, studying the individuals', development from early childhood onwards, should analyze the role of society and social customs relating to the development of social behavior. Similarly, the sociologists also take the help of psychology while studying changes in social structure. Various psychological theories like motivation theories, learning theories, theories of perception etc. have contributed to the development of Sociology. Sociology also have made use of psychological scales like attitude scales and interest inventory. Many social problems like caste, conflict, communal tensions, crimes, juvenile delinquency, gambling, drug-addiction etc. have psychological implications. Sociology and Psychology are closely related with each other. Both are interrelated and interdependent. Psychology is concerned with the exploration of the depth of man's mind and behavior in society. It is said that psychology shows the significance of the relationship between the organism (individual) and environment and the response of the former to the latter. It is defined as "the study of man's mental life and behavior". It is the science of mind of mental processes. The aim of psychology is to arrive at the laws of mental life and behavior of human beings. Sociology, on the other hand is the study of society. It studies man's social relationships. Thus, sociology studies society where as psychology is concerned with human behavior, So there are resemblances between psychology and sociology. Both are regarded as positive science. These two disciplines have a great deal in common and are inter-related. It is difficult to understand the inter-relations and the activities of human beings; without an adequate knowledge of human psychology. In the same way, many truths of psychology would remain unintelligible without a comprehensive idea about social relationships, behavior and activities. There is no gain saying the fact that psychology trends support to sociology and the help sociology extends to psychology, is by no means insignificant. In other words they depend on each other for their existence. In this way, both psychology and sociology are deeply related to each other. 5. Relationship of sociology with Anthropology The relation between sociology and anthropology is widely recognized today. In fact, anthropologist Kroeber pointed out that the two- sciences are twin sisters. Robert Redfield writes that viewing the whole United States, one say that the relations between sociology and anthropology are closer than those between anthropology and political science, which is partly due to greater similarity in ways of work. Anthropology is a general science like sociology. 'The word anthropology' is derived from two Greek words, 'anthropos' and 'logos' meaning the study of man. More precisely, it is defined by Kroeber as the science of man and his works and behavior. Anthropology is concerned not with particular man but with man in-group with races and peoples and their happenings and doings. There is a great deal of similarities between anthropology and sociology. A number of subjects include society, culture, family religion, social stratification, etc. For this reason an eminent anthropologist like A.L. Kroeber regards "Sociology and Anthropology as twin sisters" Etymologically, anthropology means the study of the science of man. It traces the development of human race, and studies, in particular, the primitive preliterate people and their culture. Anthropologists are sure that anthropology is deeply concerned with the physical and cultural development of human beings from the time of their origin to this day. There cannot be two opinions about the fact that the field of its investigation is very vast. Social Anthropology studies man as a social being. It has been rightly said that 'social anthropology deals with the behavior of man in social situations.' According to some scholars, 'Social anthropology and sociology are in their broad sense, one and the same'. There are others who regard it as a branch of sociology. 6. Relationship of sociology with Criminology Criminology and Sociology combines the study of crime, deviance and social control, with those of wider sociological interests, ideas and concerns in relation to a range of different social issues. Sociological criminology is the practice of examining crime from a sociological point of view. Specifically, sociologists see crime as an individual and social problem and believe crime cannot be properly understood without examining the surrounding social, political and economical context. Sociological criminology attempts to understand why people commit crimes and what can be done about it with a focus on the offender as an individual. Criminology itself is the scientific study of crime and delinquency. Criminology looks at the causes, correction and prevention of crime and can be viewed through various academic lenses, like sociology. General sociological theory considers criminal behavior to be a normal response to extreme social circumstances. A sociologist looks at the social context of a person’s situation, examining the offender’s race, neighborhood, social circle, income level, education level, job or career, and type of childhood to determine why a person became delinquent. 7. Relationship of sociology with Management Management is the branch of management sciences deals with organizations. And organization is defined as “ Group of people”. Without human interaction Organizations can nor be run at all. Sociology helps very much to understand the sociological aspects of the organization. Without the help of the sociology the management process is much difficult. 8. Relationship of sociology with Statistics: Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data. All phenomena can be quantified. The importance of the numbers is evident from the verdict in social phenomena. When we analyze the definition of the statistics we come to know that it is all about the collection of the data. In sociological studies we collect the data , and analyze the data statistically. Hence statistics for the social scientists is responsible for promoting the cause of scientific approach in the field.