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SUN-EARTH-MOON NOTES Earth and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and perspective VW: Astronomy _________________________________________ _________________________________________ Motion - The motion of the objects in the solar system is ________________because they happen in ________________. - The universe both predictable and unpredictable at the same time. I. Space ** What is the solar system like? A. Universe - Earth is part of the ________________, which is part of the ________________, which is part of the ______________. - ___________, including the Sun, emit their own heat and light. 32 Revised June 2014 B. Galaxies The solar system is in the ________________ ______________ galaxy. It is a _____________________ type galaxy. C. Shape - Earth, the planets, and the stars are nearly ___________________. D. Telescopes Objects that can be seen with the naked eye: - - - - Objects only seen with a telescope: - - - - II. Sun **What are the characteristics of the Sun & other stars? - The Sun is a ________________. It emits its own light and heat. Moons and planets only __________________ light. - The Sun is enormous compared to the Earth but is really only an ___________ sized star. - It appears to be the largest star ONLY because it is the ________________ star to Earth. 33 Revised June 2014 III. Measurement ** How is distance measured in space? A. Light-years - Even though it is the closest star to us, it is still light-years away. Light-years is the distance _________________ travels in one ______: 5.88 trillion miles or 9.46 trillion kilometers. - Measures distance between objects in the universe. Stars are light-years apart. The next closest star to us is ______________ light years away. - The light you see from some stars was really given off millions of years ago. B. Astronomical Units - Measures distance between objects in the solar system. - Is the average distance between Earth and the Sun…. about 150 million kilometers or 93 million miles 34 Revised June 2014 IV. Solar System ** What is the solar system like? -Our solar system includes the _____________, eight ________________, their ____________, dwarf planets, ________________, _________________, and ________________. A. VW: ________________ – lumps of rock, ice, or dust that broke off asteroids and comets and are moving through space (also called shooting stars). B. VW:________________– small bodies of rock and metal that revolve the sun. The Asteroid Belt is located between _______________ and ______________________. C. VW:________________ - small icy bodies that form a tail as they approach the Sun and are heated 35 Revised June 2014 D. Planets - Inner (or __________________________) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars - Outer (or __________________________) Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune E. VW: Revolution - The amount of time a planet takes to complete a single __________ around the Sun. - The ________________ an object follows around another object is called its orbit. - For Earth, one revolution around the sun equals 365.24 days or ________________. - Revolutions of our planet is in the shape of a _______________________________. - The closer a planet is to the sun, the __________________________ its orbit. 36 Revised June 2014 F. VW: Rotation - The __________________ motion of Earth is called rotation. - The imaginary line that the Earth spins on is called its _______________. - The sun appears to rise in the _____________ and set in the ________________because the Earth spins from _______________ to ________________. Earth’s rotation also affects how we see the other stars and the moon. - The Earth rotates once in 24 hours or the length of one ________________. - The length of daylight we see depends on the ____________ and our ____________. - Latitude and longitude, as well as time, are based on observations of space. - Time Zones created because of rotation. G. Gravitation - Gravitational pull from the _____________ keeps the planets from flying off in a straight path. 37 Revised June 2014 -The pull of gravity between two objects depends on the _____________________ of the objects and the ___________________ between them. IV. Seasons ** Why do we experience seasons? - The Earth is tilted slightly on its ______________. - When the North Pole tilts toward the Sun, the _______________ Hemisphere experiences warmer weather. - The tilt of the axis affects the ________________ the most. - The Earth is actually closer to the Sun in the winter. 38 Revised June 2014 - The Sun’s rays strike the Earth at a greater angle in the winter and the Sun appears lower in the sky. - Therefore, the noon shadow is ________________ in the winter. ** QUIZ ONE**: Date_____________ , _________ _____ Pages: ________ - _________ 39 Revised June 2014 V. Moon ** What affect does the movement of the Moon have? - Gravitational force pulls the ________________ into orbit around the Earth - The moon is a natural ________________ because it orbits around the Earth. - The moon does not emit any ________________ of its own. - The light we see from the moon is _____________ sunlight. - Half of the moon is lighted at all times. A. Moon Phases - The differences in appearance of the moon (called ________________) are due to the changing relative position of the Earth, Sun, and Moon. - The cycle takes 29.5 days – or about one _________________. - ________________ = gradually more lighted - ________________ = gradually less lighted 40 Revised June 2014 B. VW: Eclipse ______________________ __________________________ - Umbra - Total eclipse - Central, ______________ part of a shadow - Penumbra - Partial eclipse - The ___________________ part of a shadow 41 Revised June 2014 1) Solar Eclipse - The ________________’s light is blocked by the moon - They last about __________ minutes - They don’t happen every month because the moon’s orbit is _________________ slightly at an angle from Earth’s orbit. - Don’t Look Directly at the Sun! solar eclipse 2) Lunar Eclipse - The ________________ passes through Earth’s shadow - You can see a reddish color because the Earth’s atmosphere _____________ some sunlight onto the Earth’s umbra. lunar eclipse 42 Revised June 2014 C. VW: Tides are the daily ______________and _________________ of sea level. - Are primarily caused by the _____________ ___________ of the Moon on the Earth. - The pull is greater on the liquids of the ocean - and greater on the side of Earth that is _______________ the moon. - The effect of spring tides is ______________ than the effects of neap tides. - Spring tides happen during the ___________ moon and ____________ moon. Neap tides happen during __________ moons. ** QUIZ TWO**: Date_____________ , _________ _____ Pages: ________ - _________ ** UNIT TEST**: Date_____________ , _________ _____ Pages: ________ - _________ 43 Revised June 2014