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A. .Rec.ognizing Main ld.eas As you read tllis section, take notes to answer questions
abouithe unification of western Europe aftel the fall of the Roman Empire.
Between 400 and 600, srriall Germanic kingdoms replaced Roman provinces.
1.
What role did the Church play.in helping Clovis
conquer other Gernranic PeoPles?
2.
What role did Pop'e Gregory the Great play in
spreading the idea of a vast unified kingdom?
Clovis's successors extended Frankish rule.
3.
Wh;t was imporlant about Charles Martel's
victory at the Battle of Tours?
4. How did Pepin the Short strengthen the Frankish
kingdom?
Charlemagne reunited western Europe and spread Christianity throughout his
5,
What was the importance of Charlemagne's
coronation as emperor?
6. How did Charlemagne govern his unified
king do m?
Clues On the back of this paper, define Middle Ages,
monastery, and secular
W, Using Context
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3, Cn.tnron 13
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GUIDED READTNG
Feudaldsm
i,n,
Europe
Section 2
A. Summartling Written Texts As you read about the development
of feudalism in
Europe, fili out the chafts by writing notes in the appropriatl
spuces.
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B' Perceioing Relationships onthe back of this paper, define
vassar,Iief, ser{,
manor, and tithe and explain. how each was relited to feudaLism
.
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European Middle Ages 6Z
Date
GLI'DED REr{Drr{G
Section
3
A. lilentifuiig supporting Details
trke
The Agn of Clai'u*'{'ry
ttli"t
As you read about knighthood and chivalry
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2. Weapbns and equiPment
1. Education
3. War games
Knight in Feudal SocietY
4. Code of chivalrY
W, Using
5. Gastle
lile
6, Romantic love
Contert Clues Define the terms chivalry tourrrament, and troubadour.
6E UNrr 3, Cnarrnn
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GUTDED READTT'G
The Power of the Church
Section 4
A. perceiuing Cause
As you read about the c]ashes behveen the
Church und Entop"an ruiers, note the causes and outcomes of each action listed
and,
Effect
in the chart.
1. Otto invades ltaly on pope's
behalf.
2. Pope Gregory bans lay investiture.
3. Henry lV travels to Canossa.
4. Representatives of Church and
emperor meet in Worms.
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5. Lombard League fights Battle
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B, Recogni,zi,ng Main ldeq.s ldenti$z the Holy Roman Empire and explain how
the name originated.
e. Writing Informatiue Compositioms On the back oF this
Church was a unifring
writing.
clergy
PlPer, explain how
tJ-re
force in medieval society. .Use the following terms in your
sacrament
canon. law
,.
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European Middle Ages 69
Date
Name
E
EUILDIN6 VOEAEULA.RY
u,rapa&vl Nfidd{a Ages
name in
A. Matching Match the description in the second column with ihe term or
tire first il r*.r. Write the appropriate letter next to the word.
l. Middle'Ages
--
a. worldlY
, b. cliristian reiigious community
2. Franks
their lives to God
c.
-_.- 3. monastery
4.
in which members devote
family that mled the Flanks from 751 to 987 and built an
empire in western EuroPe
d. a German people who held power
secular
e.
in Gaul in the
500s
important Christian religious rite that paved the way for
-
5.
Carolingian DYnastY
aclrieving salvation
-
6.
Charlemagne
ruler in the Carolingian Dynasty who reunited western
Europe and spread Christianity through the region
-
7.
sacrament
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6
b'
B. Holy Roman
Empire h.
German-Italian empire that was the strongest state in
Europe from'962 to about 1100
period of time in European history from about 500 to 1500
B. Completion Select the term or name that best completes the
fief
vassal
lay investiture
serf
sentence.
canon law
manor
tithe
clergy
was a lord's estate.
1.
In the Midclle Ages,
/)-
A person who received land from a lord was calied a
a
was a peasant,.or worker, who was bound to the land'
.).
which
the -1lag9'6est a church ta'x called a _amounted to one-tenth of+hef income.
was l"6d granted by a iord in exchange for military protection and
A
4. Peasant families paid
,-).
other serwices.
6.
In
kings or nobles appointed church officials.
a ceiemony called
c. Wril.ing Write
a short
letter from a medieval knight to his chosen lady using the
following terms.
lord
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chivalry
knight
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toumament
troubadour
sKrLLBUrf-DER
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Section 3
pRAerc
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C ompefdya,g
when you compare two or more things, you laok for the similarities and differences between or among them. Although separated geographically
and culturally,
Japan and Europe had similar feudar systems. Read rhe plssages ielow
and then
flll in the venn diagram to compare the role of samurai and inights in the two
feudal societies. (See Skillbuildei Handbook)
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Japan Between
1000 and 1200, Japan developed
a feudal system in which landowners assumed the
roles of independent
l_ocal
rulers. Lesser lords
pledged, to fight for greater lords in exchange for
protection. Each lord surrounded himseif with a
bodyguard of elite warriors called samurai who
Iived according to a harsh code called Bushido.
A samurai's honor was constantly on the line. He
had to prove his absolute courage and loyalty in
defense of his lord, who rewarded him with an
allowance.
A samurai's uniform was one of the most elaborate costumes ever worn. It consisted of leather
shinguards and thigh guards, biaggy pantaloons; a
hmono, metal-cased shoulder guards, a chest protector, an iion collar and facernask, and a visored
helmet. The samurai trained himself to get inio tlis
outfit within a minute. A samurai's most essential
weapon was his sword.
Samurai
Europe
local lord had a force of knights
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ready to defend the land against foreign inviders
and neighboring lords. From each of ihe knights,
a lord could demand about 40 days of combat on
horseback everyyear. The skillful use of weapons
took training and practice and knights became specialists in war. In the early days of thr.Middle iges,
little was asked of a knight other than courage in
battle and loyalty to His lord in return for laid,
I,ater, knights were expected to live up to a code of
chivalry a complex set of ideals
The education of a knight began at age seven
when his parents sent him off to the cast'ie of
another lord. There the young nobleman learned
manners and how to fence and hunt. At age 14, he
became a squire, helping the knight wtth f,is armor
and weapons and practicing his skils with sword
and lance'on horseback. At age ZI,he becarne a
full-fledged knight.
Knights
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European Middle Ages 71
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Section 4
GEOGRAPHY APPLICATION: PLAeE
F e r,* rl {tl
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Directions: Read the paragraphs below and study the map carefufiy. Then answer
the questions that follow.
tl-h"
influence of dre Latin Church-the Roman
-H- Catholic Church-grew in western Europe
after 800. By 1000, at the end ofthe age ofinvasions, the Church's vision of a spiritua-l hngdom in
leudai Europe was nearly realized.
A sign of the spread of Rornan Christianity in
rvestern Europe was the increased presence of
churches. The population of the contlnent was
increasing rapidly-from around 14 miliion in 600
to 22 million in 950-and the need to accommodate all
the new faldrful caused a boom in religious buildings.
It was an era of new Roman'Christian states. By
966 rnuch of the Polish regi.on had sided with Rome,
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did that of Hungary around 986. Large sections
of Scandinavia adopted the Latin Church by 1000.
In the fifth century Ireland became the "island of
saints." Then, between 500 and 900, Ireland helped
bring trngland under the influence of lloman
as
Ch rist ianiby.
However, in 9BB, in far eastern Europe, the
prince of Kiev received baptism from the Eastern
Orthodox, or Byzantine, Church, as regions to the
south had done in the eighth century. Disputes
between the two wings of Christianity-headed by
Constantinopie and ft611s-w6uld soon separate
the two forever.
Name
Feudal Europe's Religious lnfluences con
lnterpreting
TeNt a.nd Visuais
1.
what two forms of christianity were found in Europe in 1000?
2.
what surrounds most of the northern section of Eastern orthodox land?
3' which cities were the ]eaders of the two christian rerigions?
4. What was the main religion of southern Spain?
5. What nine
fuli or partial political divisions made up the Latin Church around 1000?
6' what areas of the Latin church were bordered by pagan landsp
7.
what body of water touched Latin, Eastern orthod.ox, and pagan lands?
B' Look carefully at the map. In what place would you antiqipate
a major effort by the Latin Church
to exphnd its influence? Why?
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European Middle Ages 73
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Name
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CONNECTIONS ACRO5S TIME AND CULTURES
t@
Ra/es
of Women
POWER AND AUTI"iORITY
ln unit 3, you have read about the sfafus of women
in Musrim, chinese, and feudar
European societies. Throughout history and into
modern tirir)ii. ,ii", una
responsibilities of women in society hive varied.
for the continuous shift in the staius of
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answer.the questions that foilow.
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In chapter 10, section
1, you read that Muslim women had more
rights
-- -u than
European worrien living in the same time period.
a. What rights did Musiim women have?
b. What were their responsibilities as women?
c' How did the reiigion of Islarn affect the role of women
in Muslim society?
2' Jn chapterl2, section l,-yoy read that prosperity
in china during tlie Tang and
song periods transformed chinese society. The status
of chinese women, who
had always been subservient, declined even further.
a.
What were the reasons for this declinep
b. How dld the custom of foot-binding reflect the inferior
status of women?
3. In feudal E-uropean society, there were welr-defined
social crasses, and status
determined a person's prestige and power.
io
a.
How did the Church view women?
b.
Howwere women viewed in the literature of chivalry?
c. Under the feudal system, how did the role of
a noblewoman differ from that
of the vast majoriSr of women?
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d' How did peasant women contribute to the wel-being
of their fami]ies?
4' In genera!, how would you characterize the status
of women in the ancienf and
medievai societies you-have studied? How wourd
you characterize the rore of
women in modern-day sdcieties?
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5.'what factors appear to have had the greatest influence
on the rights and responsi.
bilities oFwomen in socieby?_
European Middle Ages 83