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Chapter 13: European Middle Ages
Focus
 The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance after Roman authority declined. It became the
unifying force in Western Europe.

During the Middle Ages, the Pope anointed the Emperors, missionaries carried Christianity to the
Germanic tribes, and the Church served the social, political, and religious needs of the people.

The decline of Roman influence in Western Europe left people with little protection against
invasion, so they entered into feudal agreements with landholding lords who promised them
protection.

Frankish kings used military power to expand their territory.

The alliance between Frankish kings and the Church re-established Roman culture (Christianity)
in Western Europe.

Invasions by Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings disrupted the social, economic, and political
order of Europe.
Vocab
Feudalism
Chivalry
Manors
Vassal
Serf
Clergy
Holy Roman Empire
Monastery
Questions
1. How and why did the Church grow in importance during the Middle Ages?
2. How did a feudal society develop in Europe during the Middle Ages?
3. How did the medieval manor function as a social and economic system?
4. How did Charlemagne revive the idea of the Roman Empire?
5. How did invasions by the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and Vikings influence the development of
Europe?
Choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 1. All of the following resulted from the repeated invasions of the Germanic tribes that led to the fall
of the Roman Empire EXCEPT
A. the disruption of trade.
B. the declining in learning.
C. the ruralization of the population.
D. the establishment of a common language.
____ 2. The leader who brought Christianity to the Franks was
A. Clovis.
B. Charlemagne.
C. Charles Martel.
D. Pepin the Short.
____ 3. A book of rules to be used for governing monasteries was written by
A. Einhard.
B. Benedict.
C. Scholastica.
D. Venerable Bede.
____ 4. The person who was chiefly responsible for increasing the Church's secular role during the
Middle
Ages was
A. Benedict.
B. Gregory I.
C. Charles Martel.
D. Venerable Bede.
____ 5. All of these Frankish leaders were part of the Carolingian Dynasty EXCEPT
A. Clovis.
B. Charlemagne.
C. Louis the Pious.
D. Charles the Bald.
____ 6. What was the ethnic background of the Vikings?
A. Asian
B. Arabic
C. Turkish
D. Germanic
____ 7. Which of the following groups were Turkish nomads?
A. Franks
B. Vikings
C. Magyars
D. Lombards
____ 8. Under the system of feudalism, a fief belonged to which category?
A. tax
B. weapon
C. land grant
D. religious title
____ 9. In the feudal system, a tithe represented what part of a peasant's income?
A. 1 percent
B. 10 percent
C. 25 percent
D. 50 percent
____ 10. In the feudal system, what was a manor?
A. a lord's estate
B. a right to use land
C. a customary way of doing things
D. an obligation to provide protection
____ 11. Despite the fact that all of the following were forbidden in the code of chivalry, knights were
rarely punished for
A. cowardice.
B. brutality to the weak.
C. disloyalty to a feudal lord.
____ 12. The word chivalry comes from two French words, both having to do with
A. horses.
B. bravery.
C. weapons.
____ 13. All of the following could be said about the tournaments held in the Middle Ages EXCEPT that
they were
A. used to test courage.
B. free of actual bloodshed.
C. a form of spectator sport.
____ 14. Eleanor of Aquitaine is famous for
A. writing The Song of Roland.
B. weaving the Bayeux Tapestry.
C. ruling England in Henry II's absence.
____ 15. The Song of Roland is an epic poem about a battle between French knights and
A. Viking invaders.
B. Magyar invaders.
C. Muslim invaders.
____ 16. During the Middle Ages, the lowest-ranking members of the clergy were
A. abbots.
B. priests.
C. bishops.
D. peasants.
____ 17. In 1100, the Holy Roman Empire covered most of
A. the old Roman Empire.
B. what is present-day France.
C. what is present-day Europe.
D. what is present-day Germany.
____ 18. Emperor Henry IV's punishment for defying the pope was
A. death.
B. torture.
C. imprisonment.
D. excommunication.
____ 19. The person who was so famous for his red beard that he was nicknamed Barbarossa was
A. Otto I.
B. Pope Leo III.
C. Frederick I.
D. Charlemagne.
____ 20. Considering the meaning of "lay investiture" and the controversy it created, it can be concluded
that the word lay describes
A. lawful or legal actions.
B. taxes or penalty payments.
C. biblical scholars or Church officials.
D. people who are not members of the clergy.