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Ancient Civilizations
Chapter Thirteen StudyGuide
European Middle Ages
Essential Understandings
The Roman Catholic Church grew in
importance after Roman authority declined.
It became the unifying force in western
Europe.
During the Middle Ages, the Pope anointed
the Emperors, missionaries carried
Christianity to the Germanic tribes, and the
Church served the social, political, and
religious needs of the people.
Standard 9A
Essential Questions
How and Why did the Church grow in
importance during the Middle Ages?
PERIOD: _______
Ms. Cave
Essential Knowledge
Foundations of early medieval society
Classical Heritage of Rome
Christian Belief
Customs of Germanic Peoples
Influence of Roman Catholic Church
Secular authority declined, while church
authority grew.
Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman
cultural achievements
Missionaries carried Christianity and
Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes.
Pope anointed Charlemagne Emperor in
800 CE
Parish priests served religious and social
needs of the people.
Standard 9B
Essential Understandings
The decline of Roman influence in West
Europe left people with little protection
against invasion, so they entered into
feudal agreements with land-holding
lords who promised them protections.
Essential Understandings
Frankish kings used military power to
expand their territory
The alliance between Frankish kings & the
Church re-established Roman culture
(Christianity) in West Europe
Essential Understandings
Invasions by Angles, Saxons, Magyars, and
? Vikings disrupted the of Europe. social,
economic, and political order
Essential Questions
Essential Knowledge
How did feudal society develop in Europe
during the Middle Ages?
Invasions shattered Roman protection
over the Empire
Feudal society during the Middle Ages
 Fief
 Vassals
 Serfs
 Feudal obligations
Manorial system during the Middle Ages
 Rigid class structure
 Self-sufficient manors
How did the medieval manor function as
a social and economic system?
Standard 9C
Essential Questions
How did Charlemagne revive the idea of the
Roman Empire?
Standard 9D
Essential Questions
How did invasions by the Angles, Saxons,
Magyars, and Vikings influence the
development of Europe?
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Essential Knowledge
Age of Charlemagne
Franks emerged as a force in West. Europe.
Pope crowned the Emperor.
Power of the church was established in
political life.
Roman culture was reinterpreted
Most of West Europe was included in the
new empire.
Churches, roads, and schools were built to
unite the empire.
Essential Knowledge
Areas of Settlement

Angles and Saxons from continental
Europe to England

Magyars from Central Asia to
Hungary

Vikings from Scandinavia to Russia
Influence of the Angles, Saxons, Magyars, &
Vikings
Manors w/castles provided protections from
invaders, reinforcing the feudal system
Invasions disrupted trade, towns declined, and
the feudal system was strengthened.
Section 1: 350-357
Charlemagne Unites Germanic Kingdoms
I. Vocabulary: For each term, write the definition and be sure to include the SIGNIFICANCE of the term.
Middle Ages
Franks
Monasteries
Secular
Charles Martel (The Hammer)
Battle of Tours
Carolingian Dynasty
Charlemagne
Treaty of Verdun
II. Answer:
Setting the Stage:
1. What were the three roots of medieval culture in western Europe?
2. Identify and explain at least three ways that civilization in western Europe declined after the Roman Empire
fell?
3. How was the relationship between a Frankish king and the Pope beneficial to both? What did each provide to
the other?
4. What was Charlemagne’s greatest achievement? Give reasons for your answer.
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Section 2: pp. 358-363
Feudalism in Europe
I. Vocabulary: For each term, write the definition in your own words and include the SIGNIFICANCE of the term.
Lord
Fief
Vassal
Knight
Serf
Manor
Social Structure of Feudalism
1. Explain the mutual obligations of the feudal system.
2. Explain why the feudal system often resulted in complicated alliances?
Economic Structures of Feudalism
4. Explain the mutual obligations between lords and serfs under the manor system.
5. Explain why the serfs rarely had to leave their manor.
6. Explain why the serfs accepted their economic hardships.
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Section 3: pp. 364-369
The Age of Chivalry
I. Vocabulary: For each term, write the definition and be sure to include the SIGNIFICANCE of the term.
chivalry
tournament
troubadour
Epic Poetry
Song of Roland
Eleanor of Aquitaine
II. Chart: As you read about knighthood and chivalry, take notes to fill in the web diagram below.
1. Education
2. Weapons and equipment
3. War Games
Knight in
Feudal
Society
4. Code of Chivalry
5. Castle life
6. Romantic love
III. Answer:
1. What were two inventions from Asia that changed the technology of warfare in western Europe?
2. What were some of the themes of medieval literature?
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Section 4: pp. 370-373
The Power of the Church
I. Vocabulary: For each term, write the definition and be sure to include the SIGNIFICANCE of the term.
Clergy
sacraments
Canon Law
excommunication
interdict
Holy Roman Empire
Lay investiture
Concordat of Worms
Chart: Analyzing Causes/Recognize Effects: As you read take notes to answer the questions and fill out the charts.
Causes
Actions
Outcomes
1. Otto invades Italy on pope’s
behalf.
2. Pope Gregory bans lay investiture.
3. Henry IV travels to Canossa.
4. Representatives of Church &
emperor meet in Worms.
5. Lombard League fights Battle of
Legnano.
III. Answer:
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1. What was the role of the church during the feudal period?
2. What were some of the matters covered by canon law?
3. How did Otto the Great make the crown stronger than the German nobles?
4. Was the Concordant of Worms a fair compromise for both the emperor and the Church? Why or why not?
IV. Thesis: Write a thesis statement answering ONE of the following: Identify the one you are answering.
1. What factors led to the development of feudalism in western Europe?
2. Compare and contrast the role of the European knight with that of the samurai. Be sure to include both similarities
and differences.
3. Compare and contrast the lives of noblewoman and peasant women. Be sure to include both similarities and
differences.
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