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FCA #4 ANSWER KEY 1. Evolution – a process in which descendants (offspring) are different from their ancestors; change over time 3 examples: Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, insects resistant to pesticides, people being born without wisdom teeth. 2. False; monkeys and humans have a common ancestor 3. Darwin 4. Theory – a widely accept explanation of a concept based on lots of evidence Law – a statement of an observed event without attempting to explain it 5. B 6. Populations evolve, individuals do not. 7. Mechanisms of evolutionary change: Mutations (a change in the DNA of an organism) Migration (movement of different organisms into or out of a population) Genetic Drift (Some species are just lucky and don’t die while others survive) Natural Selection (Those individuals that have inherited beneficial traits will survive and reproduce; survival of the fittest) 8. Natural Selection is a mechanism in which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce ore offspring on average than do their individuals (survival of the fittest) Conditions required: 1. Variation – must have variety among species 2. Overproduction – more offspring increases likelihood to survive 3. Adaptation – those organisms with adaptations that allow them to survive better compete with others and those more successful survive, mate and reproduce. 4. Descent with modification – over time, those better suited to survive and reproduce will. 9. Vestigial Structures: Organs or structures that once had a function in an organism but no longer do. Example: Whales have Pelvic bones or humans have an appendix Analogous Structures: Structures that perform similar functions but organisms are NOT related Example: Wings of insects, bats, 10. Homologous structures indicate common ancestors 11. Adaptation – any trait or characteristic that allows a species to survive in it’s environment 12. True 13. Species that are resistant to antibiotics, insecticides, or pesticides are problems today because the only species that remain alive are the species that have a mutation in their DNA which has allowed them to not be effective by these chemicals. All other species have died. 14. Macaque and humans have a common ancestor 15. Anaerobic; oxygen 16. oxygen, photosynthesis 17. Miller – Urey proved that the environment of early Earth contained the conditions necessary to create the organic compounds (amino acids) needed to create living things. The heat source = sun Water = Ocean of early earth Electrodes = lightning! Gases = inorganic gases of early earth Condenser = cooling of earth 18. Domain Bacteria Archaea Eukarya 19. Characteristic “true” bacteria PROKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR No nucleus Cell Wall Mostly Heterotrophic LIVE in EXTREME environments Prokaryotic Unicellular No nucleus Cell Wall Mostly Heterotrophic CONTAINS NUCLEUS Both Heterotrophic and Autotrophic Some have a cell wall some do not Kingdom(s) Eubateria Archea Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia The Six Kingdoms How are organism placed into their kingdoms? Cell type: Prokaryote or Eukaryote Their ability to make food: Autotroph or Heterotroph The number of cells in their body: Unicellular or Multicellular The bacteria you know Eubacteria Prokaryotes The Good(probiotics, bacteria that make yogurt and cheese, decomposers, etc) The Bad (Staphylococcus, streptococcus, salmonella, etc.) And the Ugly Autotrophs & Heterotrophs Unicellular Archeabacteria Prokaryotes Autotrophs & Heterotrophs Unicellular Bacteria found in extreme environments: thermal vents, salt lakes, no oxygen environments, highly acidic environments. They differ chemically from Eubacteria in their cell wall, cell membrane, tRNA, and DNA, and ribosomes. Protista Eukaryotes Autotrophs & Heterotrophs Unicellular & Multicellular Parmecium, Euglena, Amoeba, algae, kelp Fungi Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Multicellular (yeasts are the exception) Mushrooms, molds, yeast Cell wall Plantae Eukaryotes Autotrophs Multicellular Cell wall Mosses, coniferous trees, deciduous trees, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryotes Heterotrophs Multicellular Jellyfish, worms, snails, insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals 20. Eukarya 21. Protista and Plantae 22. Genus 23. Eukaryotic 24. Plants are autotrophs and make their own food using photosynthesis while Fungi are heterotrophs and must obtain their energy from other species. 25. Oak Tree 26. phylum 27. eukaryotic 28. Protista 29. phyla 30. Evolutionary Pathway of species over time. 31. The modern evolutionary theory modified the theory of natural selection because molecular evidence (DNA) can be used to compare species. 32. Molecular Evidence (DNA) 33. Lancolot Tuna Salamander Turtle Leopard Lancolot Hair Lancolot Amniotic Egg Four Walking Legs Jaws 34. Vertebral Column 35. Turtle