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Download Nancy, these are the trees and shrubs slides with 20 trees and 32
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TREES in Pollinator Habitat Enhancement FOR POLLINATOR HABITAT ENHANCEMENT Photo Credit: Intervale Conservation Nursery TREES in Pollinator Habitat Enhancement • In general, most native trees provide early season nectar and pollen sources for pollinators. • Most of the trees shown here are particularly valuable as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. Though butterflies and moths are not the most important pollinators, they are significant, and in the larval form are critical as bird food. • Spacing: quite variable, but large trees like oaks, maples, hickories go for 25’-30’ on-center, small trees like Juneberry, Red Bud and Sourwood go for 10’-15’ on-center. Acer rubrum Red Maple TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 40’-60’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Moist Special value to bee and larval host to Rosy Maple moth among many others and attracts birds. This popular native tree flowers pinkish red, bears the fun samaras, helicopter seeds, and has variable, but always great, fall color, red to yellow. Native to Vermont Amelanchier species Serviceberry/Shadbush/Juneberry TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 12’-36’ Hardy: 4-9 Soils: Moist to Wet, Acid Special value to bees, attracts butterflies and birds. One of the earliest flowering trees, a harbinger of Spring, makes Juneberry valuable to the early pollinators. Lovely in the garden or woodlands edge. Jane’s favorite! Native to Vermont Betula species Birch TREE May June !!!!! !!!!!!! July Aug. Sept. Height: 20’-70’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Moist-Dry, Acid Very special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. The light bark of some birch species brings light into the shadows. Nice framed against evergreens. Leaves cast shimmering shadows. Pinkish flowers before leaves. Good yellow fall color. Native to Vermont Celtis occidentalis Hackberry TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 40’-60’ Hardy: 2-9 Soils: Moist to Dry Special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. This is the native tree used most on Main Street by the Davis Center. A bit coarse but tolerant of adverse conditions. Native to Vermont Cerics canadensis Eastern Redbud SHRUB/SMALL TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 20’-30’ Hardy: 4-9 Soils: Moist to Wet Special value to bees/bumblebees and fruit for birds. Eastern redbud is borderline hardy but oh so beautiful in flower. Find a warm microclimate and create a garden around it. It’s that great. Native to Vermont Cornus florida Flowering Dogwood TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 20’-40’ Hardy: 4(5)-9 Soils: Dry to Moist, Acid Special value to bees, butterflies, birds and larval host to Spring Azure butterflies. This showy native small tree is highly valued as a small, shade tolerant landscape tree, though barely hardy here, go for a microclimate. Great form, flower, fruit, fall color. Crataegus species Native Hawthorns TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 12’-36’ Hardy: 3-7 Soils: Dry to Moist Special value to bees, attracts birds and butterflies and are larval hosts to many Hairstreak butterfly species. Quite nice, smaller tree, in the landscape, but beware, 2” long thorns! Nice purplish fall. Flowers have a “disagreeable” odor say Dirr. Native to Vermont Fagus grandiflora Beech TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 50’ -100’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Moist, Well-Drained Very special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths; over 126 species. Great for making “treerooms”. Very shallow roots, difficult to plant under, protect from excessive foot traffic. Nice bronze fall color. Distinct smooth gray bark. Native to Vermont Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 70’-90’ Hardy: 4-9 Soils: Moist, Well-Drained Special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. Large spirelike tree, majestic, but beware, weakwooded, can break up in storms so not near buildings. Nice gold fall color. Native to Vermont Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 25’-30’ Hardy: 4(5)-9 Soils: Well-Drained Special value to honeybees. This smallish tree has an ornamental value all season, beautiful flowers, fruit, red fall color, but not in the city as it doesn’t like pollution or soil compaction. Borderline hardy, warm microclimate. Native to Vermont Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 40’-50’ Hardy: 2-9 Soils: Moist to Dry Special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. A fast growing, somewhat short-lived. Nice in groves. Magical fluttering leaves in the wind. Smooth greenish-grey bark. Pendulous catkin flowers before leaves. Good yellow fall color. Native to Vermont Prunus americana American Plum TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 15’-25’ Hardy: 3-8 Soils: Moist-Dry Special value to bees and as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. A common native shrub forming colonies at woodlands edge, along roadsides. Beware of thorn-like side branches. Good for jam. Native to Vermont Prunus serotina Black Cherry TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 50-’60’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Moist to Dry Special value to bees and as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. A bit aggressive for the garden but great for colonizing at woods edge. Dark green leaves to good fall yellow. Great for jam. Native to Vermont Prunus virginiana Chokecherry TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 20’-30’ Hardy: 2-6 Soils: Moist to Dry Special value to bees and as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. A small suckering tree with crooked branches, rounded crown. Nice white flower spikes. Native to Vermont Quercus alba White Oak TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 50’-100’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Moist to Dry, Acid Very special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths; over 517 species. A slow-growing majestic tree for large areas with distinctive long catkin flowers, pretty leaves, solid brown fall color and who doesn’t love acorns. Valuable wood product. Native to Vermont Quercus rubra Red Oak TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 60’-75’ Hardy: 4-8 Soils: Sandy, Acid Very special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths; over 517 species. Faster growing than white oak. Leaves open reddish, then dark green to russet-red fall. Valuable in the landscape if have the space. Native to Vermont Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 30’-50’ Hardy: 3-8 Soils: Sandy, Poor Soils Special value to bees, hummingbirds and butterflies. A valuable tough trees, great for making fence posts, honey. A nitrogen fixer and spreading, sending up shoots from roots, put where you really want it. Native to Vermont Sassafras albidum Common Sassafras TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 35’-50’ Hardy: 4-9 Soils: Moist, Well-Drained Special value as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. Roots to flavor tea and “root” beer. Great for naturalized plantings, small pyramidal tree, may need pruning to shape. Deep orange to scarlet fall color, can form thickets. Native to Vermont Sorbus americana American Mountain Ash TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 15’-25’ Hardy: 2-6 Soils: Wet to Moist, Acid Special value to bees, birds love the fruit. Caution, berries very toxic to humans. A small native tree. Most folks are familiar with the European Mt. Ash, but does it feed larvae, doubtful. Grows in wet, grows much smaller in dry soils but tolerates. Native to Vermont Tilia americana American Basswood/Linden TREE May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 60’-80’ Hardy: 2-8 Soils: Dry to Moist Special value to bees and larval host to butterflies and moths. A great native tree for large landscapes. Great for honey. Most folks are familiar with cultivars of the European native Tilia cordata. Native to Vermont SHRUBS of special value to native bees FOR POLLINATOR HABITAT ENHANCEMENT Photo Credit: Carpenter Costin’s Blog, SHRUBS in Pollinator Habitat Enhancement • Shrubs are much more variable in the flowering time than trees, and can be used to fill in and augment pollen and nectar source times of perennials. • Many of the shrubs listed are valuable for providing nest sites for cavity nesting bees. • Like the trees, many of the shrubs serve as larval hosts for butterflies and moths. • Spacing: for most shrubs, 3’-5’ on-center, for larger shrubs go for 8’-10’. Amorpha fruticosa False Indigo Bush SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 6’-10’ Hardy: 4-9 Soils: Dry, Sandy Special value to bees, butterflies and is a larval host to many butterflies and moths. A loose airy, fine textured, shrub that can form dense thickets. Perhaps too aggressive for most garden settings, but highly valuable to pollinators, so find a spot…. Native to Vermont Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Kinnikinnick SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 6”-12” Hardy: 2-5 Soils: Sandy, Acid Special value to bees, butterflies, birds, and as larval host to several butterflies and moths. A slow growing ground-cover that can be a bit difficult to establish, but so worth the effort. Native to Vermont Ceanothus americanus New Jersey Tea SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 3’-4’ Hardy: 4-8 Soils: Well-Drained, Sandy Special value to bees, butterflies, seeds for birds and larval host to Spring and Summer Azure and Mottled Duskywing butterflies. A handsome plant that simply needs to see more use. Plant it! Native to Vermont Cephalanthus occindentalis Common Buttonbush SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 3’-6’ Hardy: 5-10 (warm microclimate here) Soils: Moist to Wet, Base Special value to bees/bumblebees, butterflies, seeds for birds and larval host to Titan and Hydrangea Sphinx moths. Nice glossy foliage, late cute buttonball flower and fruit. Needs a warm spot here. Native to Vermont, naturalized Clethra alnifolia Summersweet SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 6’-12’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Moist, Acid Special value to bees/bumblebees, butterflies, hummingbirds and food for birds. This sweet shrub is excellent for late fragrant summer flowers in the shade, handsome foliage and great for pollinators. Native to Vermont Cornus sericea Redoiser Dogwood SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 7’-9’ Hardy: 2-8 Soils: Moist to Wet Special value to butterflies, birds and larval host to Spring Azure butterflies. Native red-stem dogwoods are great for adding winter interest, especially showy against snow or evergreens. Nice in mass or small groupings. Native to Vermont Daisphora (Potentilla) fruticosa ssp. floribunda Shrubby cinquefoil SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 1’-4’ Hardy: 2-7 Soils: Dry Special value to bees and butterflies. This very hardy reliable, longflowering shrub can be integrated in just about any garden setting, though a bit scruffy when leaves fall. Native to Vermont Diervilla lonicera Northern Bush-Honeysuckle SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 1’-3’ Hardy: 3- 10 Soils: Dry Special value to bumblebees. This small mounding shrub with exfoliating bark revealing striking orange inner bark bears dark green leaves changing to yellow/red in the fall. Nice shade tolerant ground hugging shrub. Native to Vermont Lindera benzoin Spicebush SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 6’-12’ Hardy: 4-9 Soils: Dry to Wet Attracts butterflies, birds and larval host to the Spicebush Swallowtail butterfly. Spicebush displays very early valuable tiny flowers followed by bright red fruit attracting a pile of garden life, then a nice yellow fall. Native to Vermont Physocarpus opulifolius Common Ninebark SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 5’-8’ Hardy: 2-8 Soils: Dry to Medium Special value to bees and birds. An upright and spreading native shrub with nice early whitish flowers followed by reddish fruit. Nice in the landscape or back of the garden. Native to Vermont Rhododendron canadense Rhodora SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 1’-4’ Hardy: 3 - 6 Soils: Dry to Wet, Acid Special value to bumblebees, butterflies and is a larval host to the Columbia Silkmoth. Rhodora is valued for it’s showy clusters of rosepurple early flowers, otherwise a bit scrawny. Native to Vermont Rhododendron maximum Wild Rhododendron SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 4’-15’ Hardy: 4(5)-8 Soils: Moist to Wet, Acid Special value to bumblebees. This is the largest of the species of rhododendrons, covering acres of woodlands in central eastern US. Beautiful broadleaf evergreen with large showy flowers. Borderline hardy. Native to Vermont Rhus aromatica Fragrant Sumac SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 5’-12’’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Medium to Dry Special value to bees, butterflies, birds, providing nesting material for bees, larval host to the Red-banded hairstreak butterfly. In fall this woodland plant resembles poison ivy but has a citrus fragrance when crushed, wouldn’t advice this test. Native to Vermont Rhus glabra Smooth Sumac SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 9’-15’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Dry to Medium Special value to bees, butterflies, birds, providing nesting material for bees, larval host to the Red-banded hairstreak butterfly. Suckers to form thickets so best at woodland edge or as separate colony. Native to Vermont Rhus typhina Staghorn Sumac SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 15’-25’ Hardy: 3-8 Soils: Well-Drained-Dry Special value to bees and birds, provides nesting material for bees. A large native shrub forming colonies and bursting with fall-color. Native to Vermont Ribes americanum Wild Black Currant SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 3’-6’ Hardy: Soils: Variable Special value to bees and berries for birds. Nice rounded shrub with slender stems and colorful fall foliage. Bears small bell-shaped white flower clusters followed by purple berries. Native to Vermont Ribes cynosbati and hirtellum Eastern Prickly Gooseberry and Northern Gooseberry May June July SHRUB Aug. Sept. Height: 2’-5’ Hardy: Soils: Moist, Acid Special value to bees and berries for birds. This erect shrub bears small whitish flower clusters followed by bristly purplish semi-transparent good-tasting berries. Native to Vermont Ribes triste Swamp Red Currant SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 1.5’-3’ Hardy: 2-7 Soils: Moist to Wet Special value to bees and berries for birds. High in pectin, great for adding to jams, tart to eat fresh, but good for cooking. Think scones. Native to Vermont Rosa acicularis, carolina, hispida, palustris, virginia Native Roses SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: variable Hardy: 2-5 Soils: Well-Drained to Wet Special value to bees/bumblebees and birds. Many native shrubs with variable heights and growing season of high value to bees and birds. Rose hips are very high in Vitamin C. Not to be confused with the invasive Multiflora Rose. Native to Vermont Rubus species Native raspberry, blackberry, and dewberry May SHRUB June July Aug. Sept. Height: variable Hardy: 4 (5) - 9 Soils: Well-Drained, Acid Special value to bees, butterflies, birds and nesting material for bees. Piles of rubus species, but not to be missed. Great for pollinators, wildlife and humans. Native to Vermont Salix species Native Willows TREE Much earlier May June July Aug. Sept. Height: varies Hardy: 2-9 Soils: Moist Special value to bees and as larval hosts to butterflies and moths. These fast-growing, early flower willows are not commonly available to buy, but easy to plant. In spring/early summer, cut off a ¾”-1” branch, 1’ long, cut angle ends, stick in the ground leaving 3 buds above. visible. Voila! Sambucus racemosa Red-Berried Elderberry SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 10’-18’ Hardy: 3-9 Soils: Wet to Dry Special value to bees, birds and nesting materials for bees. A nectar magnet for pollinators wit hollow stems for cavity nesters. Prolific red berries great for wine or jam. Native to Vermont Shepherdia canadensis Russet Buffaloberry SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 4’-6’ Hardy: 2-6 Soils: Moist, adaptable. Special value to bees and birds and other wildlife. A rounded small open shrub with grey-green to russet foliage, early yellow flowers followed by oval red fruit. Native to Vermont Spiraea alba Meadowsweet SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 3’-4’ Hardy: 3-7 Soils: Moist to Wet Special value to bees, butterflies birds and is a larval host to the Spring Azure butterfly. Meadowsweet is a small upright shrub long-blooming in mid-summer. This native likes to stay moist. Native to Vermont Spiraea tomentosa Steeplebush or Hardhack SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 3’-6’ Hardy: 4-8 Soils: Moist to Wet Special value to bees, butterflies, birds and is a larval host to the Columbia Silkmoth. Steeplebush is a mounding thicket of erect slender stems ending in steeple-shaped plumes of rose-purple flowers often found at water’s edge. Native to Vermont Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coralberry or Indian Currant SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 2’-5’ Hardy: 2-7 Soils: Medium Special value to bees and birds. Coralberry is a dense suckering shrub forming dense thickets by runners. White summertime flowers are followed by winter-persistent coral red berries, there’s the value! Native to Vermont Vaccinium angustifolium Lowbush Blueberry SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: .5’-2’ Hardy: 3-6 Soils: Dry to Moist, Acid Special value to bees/bumblebees, birds and mammals. This lowly shrubs bears one of our favorite foods. The foliage is a glossy, starting as red-green in spring to dark bluegreen in summer and maroon-purple in the fall. Native to Vermont Vaccinium corymbosum Highbush Blueberry SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 6’-12’ Hardy: 3-7 Soils: Medium to Wet, Acid. Special value to bees/bumblebees and birds.. Though blueberries are self-fertile, cross pollination provides larger berries and yield so suggest planting more than one variety. Best sited on a northwest facing site with wind protection to the northwest. Native to Vermont Vaccinium macrocarpon Cranberry SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 4”-10” Hardy: 2-7 Soils: Wet to Moist, Peaty Special value to bees and birds.. Cranberries form a low growing mat of glossy leaves opening bronze in the spring, dark green in summer and lovely orange red in the fall. Pinkish white bell flowers are followed by clusters of dark red cranberries. Native to Vermont Vaccinium vitum-idaea Lingonberry SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: .5’-1.5’ Hardy: 3-8 Soils: Moist to Wet, Acid Special value to bees. These somewhat sour berries can be substituted for cranberries. More commonly used in Scandinavian countries in cooking and jams. A good ground cover once established. Native to Vermont Viburnum dentatum Arrowwood Viburnum SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 6’-8’ Hardy: 2-8 Soils: Well-Drained Special value to bees/bumblebees, butterflies, birds and the larval host to the Spring Azure butterfly. This is a great workhorse plant, nice flowering, beautiful blue-black fruit, glossy darkgreen leaves turning showy orangered in fall. Native to Vermont Viburnum opulus European Cranberrybush SHRUB May June July Aug. Sept. Height: 8’-12’ Hardy: 3-8 Soils: Wet to Dry Special value to bees/bumblebees. This valuable ornamental large shrub from Europe provides nice glossy foliage, spring white flowers, bright red fruit, sorry no dependable fall color, can’t have everything. Native to Europe, valuable to bees!!
