Download 1 Study Questions Ch.16, sec. 1 1. Which word in the

Study Questions Ch.16, sec. 1
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Which word in the definition for “ecology” is the most important?
Give an example for an abiotic factor in a habitat.
Which place has more biodiversity, the Everglades or a sugar cane field?
What is the difference between an ecosystem and a habitat?
What is the difference between a species, a population, and a community?
What are two differences between primary and secondary succession?
Give an example of secondary succession.
In terms of plant size, what is the usual sequence of plant growth during
succession?
9. Make a drawing: species – population – community
Answers:
1. The most important word in the definition for “ecology” is “interaction”.
2. Soil, water, rocks, climate.
3. The Everglades has a lot more biodiversity than a sugar cane field.
4. A habitat is the place where one or more species (a community) live. An
ecosystem includes the community of living organisms, and all the non-living
aspects (e.g. the soil, rocks, water, the climate).
5. A species is one single type of plant or animal, a population is two or more
members of a species, a community includes all the different species that live in
one area.
6. Two differences:
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Location
Bare rock, no life there
After a forest fire
before
After deforestation by humans
After a flood
Soil
No soil present; must be
Soil present
newly created
Time it takes to Very long; could be
Much faster; dozens of years
reach climax
several hundred years
community
7. Flood, major storm, fire
8. Small to large.
9. .
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Study Questions Ch.16, sec. 2
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Which organisms can only be found on one specific trophic level?
What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
What do animals on the third trophic level eat?
Why are there fewer animals on the fourth trophic level than the third trophic
level?
5. Some types of animals can feed at more than one trophic level. Give examples
and explain how and why these animals can “switch” levels.
6. Show a food chain in which humans eat at the 4th or 5th trophic level.
7. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
8. How much energy is lost in each successive trophic level?
9. Which trophic levels can humans occupy?
10. Which trophic level is held by tertiary consumers?
11. What is a detritivore?
12. What is the difference between a detritivore and a decomposer?
13. What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
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Producers and herbivores.
Autotrophs make their own food, heterotrophs need to eat.
Animals on the 3rd trophic level eat other animals?
There are fewer animals on the 4th trophic level because when they eat food from
the previous trophic level they only get 10% of the energy that was eaten by that
organism.
5. Some animals such as humans can switch trophic levels depending on what they
eat.
6. Plants - Fish - Raccoon - alligator – human
7. Food chain is one single pathway through a food web.
8. 90%
9. All except the first.
10. The 4th.
11. They eat/digest dead organisms.
12. Decomposers are a type of detritivore, they absorb nutrients. Detritivores are all
creatures that consume decaying organic waste.
13. Food chain includes only one animal on each level. Not how it usually works in
nature.
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Study Questions Ch.16, sec. 3
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What is the difference between evaporation and transpiration?
What is the formula for photosynthesis (in words, not the chemical formula)?
What is the formula for cellular respiration (in words)?
Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
What materials are burned in combustion?
By which three processes is carbon returned to the air or is water re-used by
living organisms?
7. Why do unusually high nutrients create problems in water systems?
Answers:
1. In evaporation, water changes from liquid to gas and returns to the atmosphere.
Transpiration is evaporation from plant leaves.
2. Water + carbon dioxide + sun energy = sugar + oxygen
3. Sugar + oxygen = water + carbon dioxide + energy
4. The products of one reaction are the reactants of the other reaction.
5. Wood, coal, petroleum, natural gas
6. Cellular respiration, combustion, erosion
7. Nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous cause plants to grow faster and
larger. In water systems, unusual algae growth can suffocate the life below it.
Algal blooms can also produce toxic substances, which can kill fish and other
organisms and poison humans who eat these organisms.
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