Download Ch. 5 Early Rome

Early Rome
pp. 146-151



Rome had an especially
favorable location:
◦
◦
◦
◦
Sea outlet
A bit inland
Seven hills
Tiber River
Latium:
◦ Plain where Rome was
located
Apennines:
◦ Mountain chain
◦ “Backbone” of the Italian
peninsula


Settled in Italy
about 800 BC
Greatly
influenced early
Rome
◦ Language of Latin
◦ Built Rome
◦ Wore the short
cloak and toga
◦ Organized army

Eventually the Latins revolted against
Etruscan rule. (500 BC)



650 BC: Etruscan kings
509 BC: Roman republic
44 BC: End of republic
◦ Representative government
◦ Julius Caesar

31 BC: Roman empire
◦ Caesar Augustus

180 AD: Roman empire declines
◦ death of Marcus Aurelius

476 AD: End of empire
◦ Last Roman emperor: Romulus Augustulus
◦ Vandals-Odoacer becomes king

Roman Society
◦ Patricians: Equestrian Order (10% of pop.) upper class,
wealthy landowners; led revolt against Etruscans; basis
of power
◦ Plebians: (90% of pop.) poor, working class; served in
army, paid taxes, voted, protected under law.





Consuls: Ran gov’t, military, executive power
Praetors: Civil law, judges
Senate: 300 patricians, served for life
Centurate Assembly: Patricians-elected chief
officials
Council of Plebes, Tribune of Plebes: Led to
struggle

The Twelve Tables (450 BC)
◦ codified, written down
◦ featured equal treatment under the law for
Roman citizens
◦ no more arbitrary decisions or punishments!

The Law of Nations
◦ Law for all, Romans and non-Romans
◦ Natural law, based on reason

First Punic War
◦
◦
◦
◦
Conflict-Sicily
Issue-Trade
Naval warfare: Hand to hand combat
Results:
 Rome wins
 Rome gets Sicily
 Rome receives indemnity from Carthage

Second Punic War
◦ 20 years later
◦ Hannibal Barca launches military campaign
on Rome




Took 46,000 soldiers, 37 elephants
Crossed Alps
Defeated Romans at Cannae
Made it to the outskirts of Rome





How did the Greeks and Etruscans influence
Rome? (page 146)
Why were the Romans successful?(page 148)
Why did Rome fear Carthage?(page 150)
Why did the Plebeians resent the Patricians?
What Started the Second Punic War?

Etruscans
◦ Clothing
 Short cloak
 Toga
◦ Organization of
army

Greeks
◦ Cultivation of
 Olives
 Grapes
◦ Passed on
Alphabet
◦ Provided models
for
 Sculpture
 Architecture
 Literature

People believed in
◦ Duty
◦ Courage
◦ Discipline



Good diplomats
Roman citizenship to other peoples
Conquered areas
◦ Fortified towns
◦ Built roads

It was a rival power in the Mediterranean Sea

Because the Patricians did not treat them as
equals
◦ Could not hold Govt. office
◦ Could not intermarry

Hannibal's invasion of Italy Through the Alps

Second Punic War (continued)
◦ Gen. Scipio (Rome) attacks at Zama and defeats
Hannibal
◦ Results:
 Rome wins
 Rome gets Spain
 Rome receives more indemnity

Third Punic War
◦
◦
◦
◦
Peace for 50 years
Carthage prosperous again
“Carthage must be destroyed.”– Cato
Results:
 Rome wins
 Carthage Destroyed
 Rome sows salt into soil
 Rome kills or enslaves 50,000 Carthaginians
 Rome gains control over the Mediterranean world
 “Mare Nostrum”
 Latin for “our sea”